讀寫任務(wù)各種文體概括.ppt

,“讀寫任務(wù)”復(fù)習(xí)系列之 概括指導(dǎo),近年廣東高考“讀寫任務(wù)”分析,讀寫任務(wù)的特征和基本要求：,讀寫任務(wù)寫作是具有一定開放性的寫作命題。 選材內(nèi)容：考生熟悉或比較熟悉的題材； 文體要求：議論文或記敘文。 讀寫任務(wù)寫作必須涵蓋三個方面： 1首段：用一兩句話概述原文內(nèi)容要點，約30個詞； 2主體：依據(jù)材料陳述自我觀點并加以例證來驗證，約110個詞； 3尾段：套語配名言來進(jìn)行點題，要前后呼應(yīng)，三位一體，約20個詞。,How to write a summary,Writing,summary,Key points,How to write,What to write,Task 1: Study the writing skills,Skill 1 : Omit(省略) the details Skill 2 : Omit the repetitions(重復(fù)) Skill 3 : Omit the examples Skill 4 : Use general (概括性)words instead of specific(具體的) words Skill 5 : Put the main points of a dialogue in indirect speech Skill 6: Use synonyms (同義詞) or shorter phrases.,(間接引語),1. Example: Then, you can think of a way to make both sides happy. Here are some tips: 1.Make time to talk. You could talk about your school life and your plans for the future. 2.Keep a diary. It can help you understand more about yourself and your feelings. 3.Show your parents you are growing up. Wash your own clothes and help around the house.,Please follow the example to choose the proper skill from the ones., There are some tips for children to follow so that they can get on well with their parents.,Skill 1: Omit the details,2. Example: Sometimes, kids dont think their parents are fair to them. When you want to dress in a modern way, your mum doesnt like you wearing a mini-skirt. When you are making phone calls to friends, they ask whether youre speaking to a boy or a girl., It is quite natural that we children look at the same problem differently from our parents.,Skill 3: Omit the examples.,3. Example: Kate looked at Paul disapprovingly, “You use too much salt on your food, Paul. Its not at all good for you!” Paul put down his knife and frowned, “Why on earth not! If you didnt have salt on your food it would taste awfullike eating card board or sandjust imagine bread without salt in it!”, Kate suggested that Paul should eat less salt. But Paul disagreed. He said that food without salt would be tasteless.,Skill 5: Put the main points of a dialogue in indirect speech.,4. Example: She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek, and some textbooks. She intended to read all of them during the winter vacation.,She brought home a lot of books and magazines to read during the vacation.,Skill 4: Use general(概括性) words instead of specific (具體的) words.,Task2: learn how to summarize the whole passage,段意合并法 要素串聯(lián)法 主題概括法 Summarize each passage with the proper skill.,Styles of passages,A,寫作內(nèi)容 1)以大約30個詞概括短文的要點； 2)以大約120個詞寫一篇記敘文，描寫你或你的朋友因禍得福的一次經(jīng)歷，并包含以下內(nèi)容： a)敘述你或你的朋友因禍得福的一次真實或虛構(gòu)的經(jīng)歷； b)談?wù)勥@次經(jīng)歷對你或你的朋友的影響。,Years ago in Scotland Clark and his wife worked and saved, making plans for their family to travel to the United States. Finally they had saved enough money and gotten passports. The entire family were filled with excitement. However, seven before their departure, the youngest son was bitten by a dog. The doctor sewed up the boy but hung a yellow sheet on the Clarks front door. Because of the possibility of rabies, they were separated for fourteen days. The familys dream was dashed. They would not be able to make the trip to America as they planned. The father, filled with disappointment and anger, wept bitter tears and cursed both his son and God for their misfortune. Five days later, the tragic news spread throughout Britain- Titanic, which was on her maiden voyage on April 14, 1912, had sunk, taking hundreds of lives with it. The Clark family should have been on that ship, but because the son had been bitten by a dog, they were left behind. When Mr. Clark heard the news, he hugged his son and thanked him for saving the family. He thanked God for turning what he had felt was a tragedy into a blessing.,Summary a of a story: 要素串連法,故事性的短文概括應(yīng)圍繞“什么人、發(fā)生了什么事、 結(jié)局如何，（有什么寓意）”來寫，即闡述一個 故事梗概，忌力陳細(xì)節(jié)，忌摻入個人評價。,Skill: Combination of elements 要素串聯(lián)法,one son was bitten,unluckily not boarded Titanic,were fortunately saved,a tragedy turned into a blessing,the Clark family,Find out key points in the story:,Summary: The Clark family, who were unlucky to miss boarding Titanic because one son was bitten by a dog, were fortunately saved. This story is about a tragedy turning into a blessing. （31 words),Skill: 要素串聯(lián)法（常用于記敘文）,故事性閱讀材料，應(yīng)該用最簡練的語言來說明故事講述了什么，不能拖泥帶水，而且最好講述該故事給你的啟示或其中的一個道理。,B,寫作內(nèi)容 1)以約30個詞概括短文的要點； 2)然后以約120個詞就“努力學(xué)習(xí)，快樂生活”的主題發(fā)表看法，并包括如下要點： a)你贊同“努力學(xué)習(xí)也可以快樂生活”這一觀點嗎？為什么？ b)舉例說明你的同學(xué)是如何努力學(xué)習(xí)并保持健康樂觀的心態(tài)的？ c)簡述如何才能做到努力學(xué)習(xí)并快樂生活？,閱讀下面的短文，然后按照要求寫一篇150詞左右的英語短文。 Scientists find that hard-working people live longer than average men and women. Career women are healthier than housewives. Evidence shows that the jobless are in poorer health than the job-holders. A study shows that whenever the employment rate increases by 1%, the death rate increase correspondingly by 2%. All this comes down to one point: work is helpful to health. Why is work good for health? It is because work keeps people busy, away from loneliness. Researches show that people feel unhappy, worried and lonely when they have nothing to do. Instead, the happiest are those who are busy. Work serves as a bridge between man and reality. By work, people come into contact with each other. By collective activities, they find friendship and warmth. This is helpful to health. The loss of work means the loss of everything. It affects man spiritually and makes him likely to disease. Besides, work gives one a sense of fulfillment and a sense of achievement. Work makes one feel his value and status in society. When a writer finishes his writing or teacher sees his students grow, they are happy beyond words.,Find out the topic sentence and supporting points in the passage:,Work is helpful to health.,work keeps people busy, away from loneliness,b. work gives one a sense of fulfillment and a sense of achievement,注意：用自己的話表達(dá),Skill:主題概括法 /段意合并法 (topic sentences or key words，if no topic sentences) (適合于議論文),Summary: Work has a positive effect on peoples health, because it can rid one of loneliness, and make one feel fruitful and proud of himself, which always contributes to a good body. （31 words),Skill : 主題概括法段意合并法 (適合于議論文),如果是議論文的閱讀短文,則要盡可能客觀簡要地轉(zhuǎn)述閱讀材料的觀點。,c,寫作內(nèi)容 1)以約30個詞概括短文的要點； 2)然后以約120個詞就“生態(tài)旅游”的主題發(fā)表看法，并包括如下要點： a)你認(rèn)為生態(tài)旅游有什么好處？ b)你認(rèn)為如何有效地推動生態(tài)旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展？,You may not be very familiar with” ecotourism”- a new term in todays tourism industry- but in an area of growing environmental consciousness, it is not too difficult for us to imagine and work out the meaning of this new form of holiday. Ecotourism is typically defined as travel to places where the unique flowers, plants, animals and the cultural heritage are the primary attractions. It is considered as a kind of responsible tourism which seriously takes ecology and culture into consideration. Therefore, programs involving the conservation and preservation of some natural and cultural sites also form a part of ecotourism. Ecotourism is developing at great speed. According to a report by the World Tourism Organization, ecotourism in recent years has enjoyed an annual growth of about 5% worldwide. Over 80 activities have been listed for education, such as bird watching, hiking, diving, photography, mountaineering and participating in various kinds of local cultural events. Although big cities are still the major places that absorb tourists in our society today, it looks like some smaller towns and rural areas rich in ecological, cultural and historical resources may well become the new destinations for people to visit tomorrow.,閱讀下面的短文，然后按照要求寫一篇150詞左右的英語短文。,Find out the topic and expositions in the passage:,ecotourism,It is a new form of holiday,b. Programs involving the conservation and preservation of some natural and cultural sites also form a part of ecotourism.,Skill : 主題概括法段意合并法 (適合于說明文),d. some smaller towns and rural areas rich in ecological, cultural and historic resources may well become the new destinations for people to visit tomorrow.,注意：用自己的話表達(dá),C. Ecotourism is developing at a great speed.,Summary: Ecotourism is a new fast-developing traveling form of holiday which attracts tourists by natural and cultural heritage, as well as historic resources. It can be a way to protect the environment. (31 words),Skill : 主題概括法段意合并法 (適合于說明文),說明性短文,用概括的文字來說明某種現(xiàn)象。,The Clark family, who were unlucky to miss boarding Titanic because one son was bitten by a dog, were fortunately saved. This story is about a tragedy turning into a blessing.,Work has a positive effect on peoples health, because it can rid one of loneliness, and make one feel fruitful and proud of himself, which always contributes to a good body.,Ecotourism is a new fast-developing form of holiday which attracts tourists by natural and cultural heritage, as well as historic resources. It can be a way to protect the environment.,A,B,C,Summary =“?+?”,Summary =“主題句+支撐句” 即“主題+主題的什么”。,Summary,1. Focus on main ideas and omit(省去) examples, details.(注重大意，省去詳細(xì)的例子、細(xì)節(jié)) 2. When use the words and phrases in the original passage, do not include your own opinion, but be sure to use your own words. .(引用原文的詞句,不能添加自己的見 解，但是要用自己的語言概括） 3. Write it in the third person . （第三人稱） 4.Control the number of words about 30.,What we have leant today?,Checking suggestions,Check the person (人稱). Check the agreement(主謂一致). Check the number(單復(fù)數(shù)). Check the tense(時態(tài)). Check the spelling(詞匯拼寫) and sentence paterns(句型) .,Check your “pants”(褲子) !,Thank You,The writing template of a narrative (敘述類文章寫作模板)：,1. Title 2. Summary About the original passage ( About 30words) 3. A transitional sentence 4. A narrative (About the same topic) 5. An ending paragraph (Point out the main idea),評論某一事物利與弊的套用格式,提出要評論的事物或觀點. 分別陳述利與弊(或不同的觀點) 歸納得出作者的結(jié)論. a. 有定論的,作者可明確表態(tài)(贊成或反對) b. 爭議較大的或尚無定論的, 可不明確表態(tài), 提出揚長避短的方法,也可以平衡其利弊,提出某種期望和設(shè)想.,典型模板,Just as a coin has two sides, _ also has some side effects. However, _ has also a lot of problems. For one thing, _; For another, _. Finally, _.,_ has brought a number of benefits to us. is a beneficial activity, in which we can obtain many advantages. First of all, _. Also, _. Most importantly, _.,We are all aware that everything has its two sides. _ is no exception.,開頭:,優(yōu)點：,缺點：,結(jié)尾:,1）In spite of these disadvantages, I think _ does more good than harm to people. And the disadvantages, since they have been pointed out clearly, will be dealt with effectively.,2）Weighing the two sides, there is no denying the fact that _ has produced great effects on society.,3）To conclude, I would say that the advantages outweigh the disadvantages.,4）To sum up, _ does more good than harm to _. We must take a correct attitude towards _. We should take full advantage of it and avoid its disadvantages.,表達(dá)個人觀點的用語,I think/ I firmly believe that in my opinion, / in my view,. personally speaking, As far as I am concerned, In my point of view, . I agree with somebody/ something. I agree that I agree to do,常用句子,No matter how difficult English may be, you should do your best to learn it Nothing can prevent us from realizing the four modernizations. As the saying goes, nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it. Upon hearing the unexpected news, he was so surprised that he couldnt say a word. There is no denying (the fact) that the new management method has greatly increased the production.,作文常用句型,It is often said that. 我們經(jīng)常這么說 It goes without saying that. 毫無疑問 It can be easily proved that. 很容易被證明。 One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is. 與以上一點同樣重要的是,I am for the opinion that 我支持 The chief reason why .is that . 之所以的主要原因是 To take.for an example (instance) . 把作為一個例子 According to a latest study, it can be predicted that. 最近的研究預(yù)測 Another special consideration in this case is that . 關(guān)于這件事還有一點值得考慮，那就是,This may be true, but we still have a problem with regard to. 這也許對，但關(guān)于我們?nèi)匀挥幸粋€問題。 Besides, we should not neglect that. 另外，我們不應(yīng)該忽視 Therefore, these findings reveal the following information that. 因此，這些發(fā)現(xiàn)揭示了以下信息 On account of this we can find that . 據(jù)此我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn) Wonderful as A is, it has its own disadvantages too. 盡管A很優(yōu)秀，但它也有自身的缺陷。,Among the most convincing reasons given, one should be mentioned. 在所有可信賴的理由中，有一個值得一提 Currently there is a widespread concern that. 目前，對于普遍關(guān)注。 There is no immediate solution to the problem of ., but .might be helpful. 關(guān)于解決沒有快速的辦法，但可能會有作用。,All available evidence points to the fact that. 所有的證據(jù)證明 No one can deny the fact that. 沒人能否定這個事實。 Taking into account all these factors, we may safely reach the conclusion that. 考慮到所有這些因素，我們可以做出這樣的結(jié)論,A Tragedy Turning into a Blessing,This story is about a tragedy turning into a blessing. The Clark family, who were unlucky to miss boarding Titanic because one son was bitten by a dog, were luckily saved fortunately.,范文A：,Jerry, my friend, once had a similar experience as the Clark family. Last year her family were to make a trip to Beijing just on the afternoon before their trip, she was knocked down by a car when crossing a road and her leg was