我對我使用的不同英語變體突然特別敏感.ppt

Extensive ReadingUnits 7&8,Book II,Unit 7, Reading Course 2 College English Reading Course Book IINov. 2002, Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press,19. Difficult language points in the text (Mother Tongue),1.Recently, I was made keenly aware of the different Englishes I do use. (L.10) 最近，我對我使用的不同英語變體突然特別敏感。 2. it has become our language of intimacy, a different sort of English that relates to family talk, the language I grew up with. (L.35) 它已經(jīng)成了我們之間私下常用的語言，一種與家人之間交談有關(guān)的不同的英語，也是伴隨我成長的語言。,3. Du Yusong having business like fruit stand. Like off the street kind. (L.48) 杜月笙擺一個水果攤，好像街邊的那種。 4. But I do think that the language spoken in the family, especially in immigrant families which are more insular, plays a large role in shaping the language of the child.(L.83) 但是我的確認(rèn)為，在家庭里所說的語言在孩子語言的形成過程中起了很大的作用，尤其是在那些比較與世隔絕的移民家庭中。,5. you should know that my mothers expressive command of English belies how much she actually understands.(L.90) 你要知道我母親對英語的生動使用使人以為她懂得不多。,20. Difficult Sentences (A View of the “Sex Bias” Pronoun in Writing),1.Gradually role alternative to housewife and mother became acceptable; increasing numbers of women chose careers over families.(L15) 逐漸地，家庭主婦和母親之外的角色開始變得可以接受；越來越多的婦女選擇事業(yè)而不是家庭。 2.As awareness of women as equal members of society increased, this combined pronoun became fashionable and in some cases was considered mandatory.(L22) 隨著越來越多的人認(rèn)識到婦女是同等的社會成員，這種聯(lián)合代詞成了一種時髦，而且在某種情況下還是必須用的。,3.While it is true that the prevalence of the combined pronoun usage is indicative of the strength of the womens movement, the usage itself does lip service to the movement without contributing anything of substance.(L44) 雖然這種聯(lián)合代詞的普遍使用表明了婦女運動的力量，但這種用法本身只是口頭上支持婦女運動， 而沒有做出任何實質(zhì)性的貢獻(xiàn)。,4.Ideas are a more accurate communication of a writers prejudices and positions than are his choices of pronouns.(L82) 作者的思想比他所選用的代詞更能夠準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)他的偏見和立場。,21. Difficult language points (Language: A Reflection of Life in the US),dumb cluck hamburger sleigh stoop bush portage,redeo lariat sombrero Jukebox jazz cache,2. Difficult language points: Borrowed words,Extensive ReadingUnits 7&8, Book II,Geographical terms: creek, gulch, gully, dry run, bluff, foothill, continental divide Animals and plants: squash, hickory, land office business, stamping ground, prairie schooner Terms in travel: milk train, jerkwater Political activities: lame duck, dark horse, carpetbagger From sports: carry the ball, the first base, strike out,2. Difficult language points: Coined words,Reading Quiz for Unit 7,Decide whether the following statements are true or false.,1.By “all the Englishes” the author means the different dialects of English in the U.S.(Mother Tongue). 2.The authors mother used the kind of English which can best be described as broken. (Mother Tongue),3.According to the author, the language used in immigrant families belies how much the child actually understands. (Mother Tongue) 4.When the author was growing up, she believed that her mothers English reflected her thought. (Mother Tongue),5.It can be inferred that more and more women are turning against getting married and having children.(Sex Bias) 6.It is popular and in some cases required to use the combined pronoun. (Sex Bias),7.The author usually addresses the content of the writing and judges whether a writer has a sex bias. (Sex Bias) 8.English is the language of the U.S. because the majority of the inhabitants are of British origin. (Language),9.Borrowings from other languages took place primarily as a result of contacts with American Indians. (Language) 10.Terms used in politics in America sometimes have a picturesque or metaphoric quality.(Language),Key to the quiz 15 F T F T F 610 F T F F T,Key to exercises- Passage 19,I. 1.D 2.C 3.A 4.B 5.D 6.B II.1.我花很多時間思考語言的力量它如何激起某種情緒，引發(fā)某種視覺形象，某種復(fù)雜的思想或簡單的真理。 2.就在上個星期，當(dāng)我和母親一起沿著街道走時，我再次發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在關(guān)注我所使用的英語，我和她在一起時所使用的英語。 3.我一直感到煩惱的是，除了用“破碎的”一詞之外，我實在想不出別的什么詞來描述媽媽所說的英語，好像它是受到損壞需要修理的，好像它缺少某種整體性和完美性。 4.盡管我的英語技能從未被認(rèn)為有欠缺，但與數(shù)學(xué)相比，英語可不能算我的強項。,Key to the Reading-skill Exercises,1. The experience of enjoying watermelon. 2. The watermelon sunning; telling if it is ripe; the melon cooling in a tub of water; the children standing around; the cutting; the sight of meat and seeds; the eating 3. We go through all the steps from the cooling through the serving to the eating,Key to exercises- Passage 20,I. 1. T 2.F 3.F 4.T 5.F 6.T 7.T II. 1.When her mother taught her the role of wife and mother, the writer didnt like it, but she didnt reject it, either. She just thought that she was different. Later, when she learned about the womens movement, she was pleased that there were other women like her, so she began to accept the other roles and to support the movement.,2. As the womens movement came to its high tide, it became fashionable to use the combined pronoun. Some people consider such a usage as a way to recognize women as equal members of society, and if a writer doesnt use it, he feels obliged to explain it to the reader. 3. Proponents of the use “he/she” believe that this combined pronoun represents a neutral pronoun. They assert that it assists the reader by making clear something that was obviously fuzzy and believe that the usage represents a fair attitude toward women and hence will not be labeled “sexism”. 4. No. They are moving away from the usage for some of the reasons listed in the text. 5. Actually, whether or not a writer is biased would be determined by addressing the content of his writing.,III. 1. role alternatives to-choices of role models 可選擇的角色 2. identified with-to side with, support支持 3. the prevalent usage-the common usage普遍的用法 4. indicative of-as the sign of表明 5. hinders rather than helps妨礙而不是幫助 6. can even be insultinghumiliating甚至可能帶有侮辱性 7. floundering in a swamp-struggling在沼澤地里掙扎 8. irrespective of不管,Key to exercises- Passage 21,I. 1.A 2.D 3.A 4.C 5.A II. 1.據(jù)說人們思考是以說話開始的，而說話則是以思考為結(jié)束的，因為語言和文化很有趣的交織在一起。 2. 然而，盡管英國英語與美國英語共享一個語法體系，兩者只有一些細(xì)微的差別，而且主要表現(xiàn)在口語層次上，美國英語的詞匯還是在諸多方面賦予它鮮明的特色。 3.最初定居者到達(dá)北美大陸后，看到種種不同于家鄉(xiāng)的地理特征，不斷發(fā)現(xiàn)未見過的動植物，而人們也從事各種新的活動，發(fā)展新的興趣。 4. 這種形象的或隱喻的特性可以從與美國生活有關(guān)的其他一些不斷發(fā)上看出來。,Extensive ReadingUnits 7&8,Book II,Unit 8, Reading Course 2 College English Reading Course Book IINov. 2002, Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press,Passage 22. Difficult Language Points (The Disintegrating Web),1. Had the temperature cooled another two or three degrees, ice sheets advancing from each pole would have met and joined, wiping virtually all life off the planet.(L8) 假如平均氣溫再降低二至三度，從兩極延伸過來的冰層可能已經(jīng)連接起來，把地球上幾乎所有的生命都消滅掉。 2. At various times, glaciers, volcanoes, and perhaps even meteors and comets have razed the planet, contributing to the obliteration of countless species.(17) 在不同的時期，冰川火山，甚至流星和彗星都曾經(jīng)破壞過地球，導(dǎo)致了無數(shù)物種的消滅。,Passage 22. The Disintegrating Web-The Causes and Consequences of Extinction,3. We are at this moment facing an ecological catastrophe unequaled in the history of the Earth.(L25) 目前，我們正面臨地球歷史上一次從來沒有過的生態(tài)災(zāi)難。 4. We lose more species each day, and with each species ,a universe of hidden posssibilities.(L65) 每一天我們都失去更多的物種，而隨著每一種物種的消失，我們也失去了所有未知的可能性。,Passage 22. The Disintegrating Web-The Causes and Consequences of Extinction,5. One of our most important defenses against such misfortune is to reinvigorate domestic strains by hybridizing them with their wild cousins.(L73) 我們防范張直部下的嘴主要方法之一就是把已經(jīng)馴化了的品種和野獸的同類進行雜交，使它們恢復(fù)生命力。,Passage 23: Difficult Language Points (A Scientific Fable),1. Time on the screen will thus seem to move at the rate of 24 years per second; 1440 years per minute; 86400 years per hour; approximately two million years per day; and sixty-two million years per month（L20） 這樣，屏幕上的時間就好像以每秒24年的速度過去，一分鐘就是86400年，一天大約就是兩百萬年，每個月就是6200萬年。 2. As the picture runs on into December it will show the mammals in command of the animal life. (L50) 隨著影片播放到12月，它將播放出哺乳動物世界的場面。,Passage 23: Difficult Language Points (A Scientific Fable),3. A human swarm will sweep across the face of the continent and take it away from thered men. (L84) 一大群人將從大陸（北美大陸）的表面橫掃而過，把它從紅種人那兒奪過來。 4. Man-creatures will be shown counting their wealth in terms of bits of printed paper representing other bits of a scarce but comparatively useless yellow metal that is kept buried in strong vaults. (L104) 將會看到人這種動物以一張張印 的紙片來計算他們的財富，這些紙片代表了保存在堅固的地下室了的另一些稀少但是相對沒有用的黃金金屬塊。,Passage 24: Difficult Language Points (In New York, Taking a Breath of Fear),1. Tabbs insurance company wont pay to clean his apartment of dust and asbestos until his landlord cleans up the buildings ventilation system. (L23) 塔布的保險公司在他的房東清潔大樓的通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)之前不愿意支付清除他房間的灰塵和石棉的費用。 2. Last week four Port Authority police officers were reassigned from the site after they tested positive for elevated mercury levels in their blood. （L51） 上個星期，四名港口區(qū)的警官在被檢測出血液中的水銀含量升高以后被調(diào)離現(xiàn)場。,3. And special floor mats have been installed at the entryways to prevent students from tracking dust. (L96) 在入口處安放了專門的地板地氈，以防止學(xué)生把灰塵帶進來。 4. Doctors note that some symptoms could be caused or enhanced by stress-and many will undoubtedly dissipate as the last smoldering fires go out and the air grows clearer.(L104) 醫(yī)生們說某些癥狀可能由緊張引起或增強-隨著最后的還在悶燒的火熄滅和空氣變清潔，許多癥狀毫無疑問會減輕。,Key to Exercises-Unit 8,Passage 22. The Disintegrating Web-The Causes and Consequences of Extinction Passage 23: “But a Watch in the Night”: A Scientific Fable Passage 24: In New York, Taking a Breath of Fear,Key to Exercises Passage 22. The Disintegrating Web,I. 1.A 2.C 3.B 4.D 5.D 6.B II. 1. 在一層冰涼的積雪覆蓋下，冰層積累到幾千英尺厚，然后在自身重量的作用下開始移動，嚴(yán)寒夏天的邊緣一點一點地向赤道推進。 2 除非可能發(fā)生核戰(zhàn)爭-這樣大量的物種滅絕可能是人類有史以來面臨的最嚴(yán)峻的威脅。,3 有些分子太復(fù)雜不便人工制作，有些分子制作起來花費太高，因此如果我們想直接受益于各種物種，物種本身就必須得到保護。 4 動物園園圃種子庫以及其它各種為保護單個物種建立的場所可以起到至關(guān)重要的幫助作用，但因為人力物力限制，我們不可能面面俱到。 Key to the Reading Skills 1.D 2.D 3.C 4.B 5.B 6.A,Key to Exercises of Passage 23. A Scientific Fable,I. 1.A 2.A 3.B 4.B 5.D 6.A II. 1. The Copernicans were imagined human-like creatures inhabiting the imaginary planet called Copernicus, which is actually the name of a Polish astronomer. 2. The picture will be desolate and dreary in the first months, without much to be seen. Because the universe was at its beginning stage, and the Earth was just forming. 3.The spectators will become alarmed in the fear that man has somehow been left out. They have been watching the film for months but still they dont see any signs of man.,4. The civilization of human beings only occupies the last five or six minutes of the film, as compared to the long history of the earth, which runs the duration of a whole year. 5. They have caused great damage to the Earth by cutting down and burning the trees, depriving the soil of its protective cover. They have impoverished the land and created pollution. They have plundered its wealth.,Key to Exercises of Passage 24. Taking a Breath of Fear,I. 1.T 2.T 3.F 4.F 5.F 6.T II. 1 幾次獨立的測試結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，從他公寓門庭的一根頭發(fā)口進入的灰塵里含有的石棉市有關(guān)部門建議的可建設(shè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的555倍，但市政當(dāng)局對這些檢測結(jié)果仍有異議。 2 但是人們對于曼哈頓下區(qū)空氣中漂浮的有毒物質(zhì)仍十分擔(dān)心。不僅如此，人們對于美國環(huán)保局和其他政府機構(gòu)也心存疑慮，因為他們沒有就存在的危險給居民提出充分或及時的警告。,3 這主要是對于危害最烈的中心所存在物質(zhì)的前所未見和不明確的性質(zhì)的擔(dān)心。 4 但是萊文和其他人擔(dān)心，釋放到市中心空氣中