《習語的翻譯》PPT課件.ppt

習語的翻譯,習語就其廣義而言，包括成語、俗語、諺語、歇后語等。 任何一種語言的習語、引語都與使用該語言的民族的歷史、經(jīng)濟、文化、風俗習慣、價值觀念、地理位置等密切相關。因此，習語、引語有明顯的民族特色，是人民群眾智慧的結晶，是經(jīng)過長期使用而提煉出來的妙語名言。習語、引語準確、快速、流利的互譯可以簡明、生動、形象、有力地表達說話人的思想、觀點和情感，增強語言的魅力和表達效果。,習語、引語的翻譯主要靠譯員兩種語言的扎實功底，包括對兩種語言的詞匯、文學、文化背景知識的豐富積累和口譯技巧的熟練掌握。習語的翻譯主要有三種方法：直譯、直譯與轉換相結合和意譯法。,1.直譯法,對結構和意義上完全對應的習語應采用對等直譯法。把原語的習俗、比喻移植到譯入語中，這樣既能確切地表達原意，又能保留原語生動、形象、鮮明的民族色彩。 英漢兩種語言中很多習語，包括很多漢語歇后語都可以采用直譯法。這是英漢兩種文化互相交流和兩種語言相互溶入的結果。,英語習語的漢譯 stony heart / have a heart of stone 鐵石心腸 plain sailing 一帆風順 in black and white 白紙黑字 flesh and blood 親骨肉；親人 as firm as a rock 堅如磐石 to be led by the nose 被牽著鼻子走 to show ones cards 攤牌 to be armed to the teeth 武裝到牙齒全副武裝,to turn a deaf ear to 充耳不聞 to pick bones from an egg 雞蛋里面挑骨頭 Facts speak louder than words. 事實勝于雄辯 Failure is the mother of success. 失敗乃成功之母 Honesty is the best policy. 誠實是上策 Children and fools tell the truth. 童愚吐真言 Evil is rewarded with evil. 惡有惡報 Content is happiness. 知足者常樂 Know your own faults before blaming others for theirs. 欲責他人，應先知己過；欲正人，先正己。,漢語習語的英譯 一心一意 with one heart and one mind 滄海一滴 a drop in the ocean 輕如鴻毛 as light as a feather 實事求是 to seek truth from facts 一見如故 to feel like old friends at the first meeting 同甘共苦 to share each others joys and hardships 掩耳盜鈴 to plug ones ears while stealing a bell 知識就是力量。 Knowledge is power. 一寸光陰一寸金, 寸金難買寸光陰。 An inch of time is worth an inch of gold，but an inch of gold cannot purchase an inch of time.,一回生，兩回熟。 First meeting, strangers; second meeting, old friends. 一年之計在于春。 The whole years work depends on a good start in spring. 一鳥在手遠勝兩鳥在林。 A bird in hand is worth two in the bush. 兔子尾巴長不了。 Like a rabbit tail-it cannot grow any longer-it wont last long. 搬起石頭砸自己的腳自作自受 to lift a rock only to drop it on ones own feet-to suffer from what one has done 鱷魚掉眼淚假慈悲 crocodile shedding tears-pretending to be benevolent,2.直譯和轉換相結合,對一些結構上對應或部分對應，比喻相似、意思相近的習語應采用直譯和轉換相結合的方法，對等部分直譯，不對等部分進行適當轉換。按照英漢兩種語言各自的習俗、比喻和習慣表達方法譯出，做到既能確切表達原意，又符合譯入語的習俗和比喻。,as blind as a bat 有眼無珠 as timid as a hare 膽小如鼠 on pins and needles 如坐針氈 as poor as a church mouse 一貧如洗 to kill two birds with one stone 一箭雙雕 to wake up a sleeping dog 打草驚蛇 to beat the dog before the lion 殺雞給猴看 Lock the door after the horse is stolen. 亡羊補牢。,He who takes charge knows the responsibility. 不當家不知柴米貴。 Poor by condition，rich by ambition. 人窮志不短。 Where there is a will ，there is a way. 事在人為。 It takes two to make a quarrel. 一個巴掌拍不響。 As a man sows，so he shall reap. 種瓜得瓜, 種豆得豆。 Dont wash your dirty linen in public. 家丑不可外揚。 Beauty is in the eye of the beholder. 情人眼里出西施。,3.意譯,還有一類習語，在結構和字面意思上，英漢兩種語言似乎無相近之處。其確切的意思有時難以捉摸。遇到這一類習語，譯員要根據(jù)交談雙方的話題、意圖及談話的背景和上下文意思等因素，充分理解所用習語的含義，采用意譯、意譯加注和其它變通方法，最重要的是譯出話語的真正含義。同時，盡可能的保留原語的民族和地方色彩。不要按字面意思死譯，以免造成歧義。,a far cry from to face the music to spill the beans to be up to ones ears to beat around the bush to cut corners to hold ones horses in ones element,與相差甚遠；大不相同 勇于承擔后果 不慎泄密 有許多事情要做；忙于 旁敲側擊，轉彎抹角 節(jié)約 別忙；耐心點；別沉不住氣 在行；擅長,on ones toes 機靈 once in a blue moon 極難得；千載難逢 to see eye to eye 與(某人)看法一致 straight from the shoulder 直截了當 to take something with a grain of salt 對某事半信半疑或不全信 to put all ones eggs in one basket 孤注一擲; 冒險 to teach ones grandmother to such eggs 班門弄斧；好為人師 to put the cart before the horse 本末倒置 to miss the boat 坐失良機,to burn the candle at both ends 過分耗費精力 to poke ones nose into 探聽; 干涉 to play for ones own hand 為自己的利益而做 to pull wool over ones eyes 蒙蔽某人 to call a spade a spade 實話實說, 直言不諱 Birds of a feature flock together. 物以類聚, 人以群分 Love me; love my dog. 愛吾及犬；愛屋及烏 Rome was not built in a day. 羅馬不是一天建成的; 偉業(yè)非一日可成; 冰凍三尺, 非一日之寒。 Half the world knows not how the other half lives. 富人不知窮人苦; 飽漢不知餓漢饑。,有些漢語習語、俗語、歇后語有強烈而濃厚的民族色彩，意譯不能確切表達原意。必須采用意譯加注，說明必要的歷史文化背景，才能很好傳達原意。 臥薪嘗膽 to sleep on brushwood and taste gall-to undergo self-imposed hardships so as to strengthen ones resolve to wipe out a national humility； to endure hardships to accomplish some ambition,望子成龍 to hope ones child will become somebody in the future； to hope ones child will have a bright future; to hold high hopes for ones child 不到長城非好漢。 He who fails to reach the Great Wall is not a true hero；not stop until ones aim is obtained,八仙過海，各顯神通。 The Eight Immortals crossing the sea-each shows his/her special prowess (in the legend, they were described as fairies with different magic arts)； Like the Eight Immortals soaring the ocean, each of you should show your true worth. 打破砂鍋問（紋）到底 breaking an earthenware pot -(lit)-cracked to the bottom； (pun) interrogate thoroughly； to get to the bottom of a matter,引語的翻譯主要靠譯員平時的勤學和積累。一個成功的譯員不僅要有熟練的英漢語言技能，而且要有廣博的英漢文學、歷史、文化知識，掌握一定數(shù)量的英漢名人格言、經(jīng)典佳句。因此，譯員只有平時用心銘記，注意收集，不斷充實，用時才能左右逢源，得心應手。,英語引語,Knowledge is like the spring water under ground-the deeper you dig, the clearer is the water. 知識好像地下的泉水，掘得越深越清澈。 Waste not, want not. 舊的不去，新的不來。 Carve your name on hearts but not on marbles. 把你的名字刻在人們的心上，而不是大理石上。 Time is money; trust is gold. 時間是金錢，信用是金子。 Time and tide wait for no man. 時光如逝水，歲月不待人。 Riches are gotten with pain, kept with care, and lost with grief. 財富得之不易，存之憂慮，失之悲痛。,漢語引語,己所不欲，勿施于人。 Do not do to others what you would not have them do to you. 知己知彼，百戰(zhàn)不殆。 Know the enemy and know yourself, and you can fight a hundred battles with no danger of defeat. 貧賤不能移，威武不能屈。 He is not to be subdued by force not swerved by poverty. 國家興亡，匹夫有責。 The fortune of a country depends on the people in it. 識實務者為俊杰。 A man who knows where his interest lies will succeed.,學而不思則罔，思而不學則殆。 Learning without thought means labor lost; thought without learning is perilous. 業(yè)精于勤，荒于嬉。 Achievement is founded on diligence and wasted upon recklessness. 勤能補拙。 Diligence redeems stupidity. 一言既出，駟馬難追。 A word once spoken cannot be taken back even by a team of four horses. 一人之失，百人之師。 A past mistake of one serves as a good lesson for all. 人勤地不懶。 If the tiller is industrious, the farmland is productive.,前事不忘，后事之師。 Repent what is past；avoid what is to come 兼聽則明，偏聽則暗。 Listen to both sides and you will be enlightened；heed only one side and you will be benighted. 若要人不知，除非己莫為。 If you dont want people to know about it, dont do it. 懸崖勒馬猶未晚，船到江心補漏遲。 Its just in time to rein in at the brink of the precipice, but its too late to mend the ships leak in the middle of the river. “人固有一死，或重于泰山，或輕于鴻毛”。為人民利益而死，重于泰山。 Though death befalls all men alike, it may weightier than Mount Tai or lighter than a feather. To die for the people is weightier than Mount Tai.,Exercise,heart and soul to make a big fuss about ups and downs to fish in the troubled water to bite off more than one can chew to get on ones high horse to shut ones eyes against to cry up wine and sell vinegar to kick down the ladder to have a ( good ) head on ones shoulder,to put a spoke in ones wheels to be at the end of ones tether/rope A rising tide lifts all boats. Great minds think alike. Laziness in youth spells regret in old age. A snow year, a rich year. You cannot make bricks without straw. Dont cross a bridge till you come to it. Make hay while the sun shines. Every medal has two sides.,走馬觀花 坐山觀虎斗 水中撈月 廉潔奉公 光明正大 倒行逆施 畫餅充饑 拔苗助長 借花獻佛 坐收漁人之利 熟能生巧,不到黃河心不死。 寧為雞首，不為牛后 黃金有價，知識無價。 血濃于水，疏不間親。 天下無難事，只怕有心人。 路遙知馬力，日久見人心。 竹籃打水 一場空 黃鼠狼給雞拜年沒安好心 三個臭皮匠, 賽過諸葛亮。 棺材上畫老虎嚇死人,Answer,heart and soul to make a big fuss about ups and downs to fish in the troubled water to bite off more than one can chew to get on ones high horse to shut ones eyes against to cry up wine and sell vinegar to kick down the ladder to have a ( good ) head on ones shoulder,全心全意 大做文章 盛衰；沉??；挫折 渾水摸魚 貪多嚼不爛；自不量力 驕傲自大；盛氣凌人 視而不見 掛羊頭,買狗肉 過河拆橋 有見識; 有能力,to put a spoke in ones wheels to be at the end of ones tether/rope A rising tide lifts all boats. Great minds think alike. Laziness in youth spells regret in old age. A snow year, a rich year. You cannot make bricks without straw. Dont cross a bridge till you come to it. Make hay while the sun shines. Every medal has two sides.,破壞某人的計劃 窮途末路; 山窮水盡; 筋疲力盡 水漲船高。 英雄所見略同。 少壯不努力，老大徒傷悲。 瑞雪兆豐年。 巧婦難為無米之炊。 車到山前必有路；船到橋頭自然直。 乘晴曬草; 乘機行事; 勿失良機。 每個獎章都有兩面; 凡事都有兩重性。,走馬觀花 坐山觀虎斗 水中撈月 廉潔奉公 光明正大 倒行逆施 畫餅充饑 拔苗助長 借花獻佛,to look at the flowers while riding on horseback to sit on the hill and watch tigers fight to catch the moon in the water to be honest in performing ones official duties；to have integrity and always work in the interest of the public to be just and honorable, open and aboveboard to go against the trend of the times to draw a cake to satisfy ones hunger to try to help the rice shoots grow by pulling them upward to present Buddha with borrowed flowers- to borrow something to make a gift of it,坐收漁人之利 熟能生巧 不到黃河心不死 寧為雞首，不為牛后 黃金有價，知識無價。 血濃于水，疏不間親。,to reap advantages from both sides without lifting a finger；to prof