英語公共演講開頭和結(jié)尾技巧.ppt

Beginning and Conclusion of the Speech,Beginning of the speech,Guidelines Goals of the introduction Developing an Effective Introduction Avoiding Common Faults Criteria for an Effective Introduction Tips for you,Goals of the introduction,Getting Your Audiences Attention Help establish a mood Create a Favorable Personal Relationship with the Audience Make the Speaker More at Ease Preview Your Main Ideas,Developing an Effective Introduction,Five ways Asking a Question Using a Quotation Using Startling Facts or Statistics Using Stories Using Humors,Asking a Question,Examples: What bugs you most about your college classes? If you could or had to live the life of someone else, whom would you choose? Do you agree with that old claim that only death and taxes are inevitable?,Using a Quotation,Examples: A wise person once said, “ Always have your bags packed, you never know where lifes journey is going to take you.” I couldnt agree more. In fact, as you can see, I have my bags with me tonight. she holds up her standard medical bag for the audience to see. -AMA president Nancy Dickey,American Medical Association,Using Startling Facts or Statistics,A speech about eating disorder Who are five of the most important women in your life? Your mother? Your sister? Your daughter? Your wife? Your best friend? Now which one of them has had or will have an eating disorder? Before you disregard my question, listen to what research tells us. One in every five women in the United States has eating disorder.,Using Stories,Personal stories Celebritys stories Anonymous stories Dogs stories,Using Humors,Speakers should assure that there is a practical point to their use of humor so that they can still make a relevant application of the story to the topic or area.,Beginning of the speech,Why do a brief introduction play such an important role in a speech? Introduction is the face of your speech, which decides the audiences impression of your topic Introduction reflects the topic of your speech. Introduction shows how much you have prepared for this speech.,C .Avoiding some common faults of introduction,a. No common but ineffective statements,b. No apology,c. No too much detailed introductions,d. Dont start with “Today Im going to talk about”,e. Dont lead the audience to take a negative attitude toward your subject,f. Dont ask a broad question,C .Avoiding some common faults of introduction,a. No such ineffective statements,Before I begin my talk, I want to say,I hope I can remember everything I want to say,Please forgive me if I have missed something,Common used but insignificant statements:,b. No apology,Im certainly glad to be here to talk with you today, but I do want to apologize before I begin my speech,Ill try to give you a lot information about this subject, but I just got back from a meeting and didnt have all the time,I sorry about the cough I have today. I hope youll be able to bear me OK and that youll bear with me,Apologies are usually the same and inappropriate. You can get you problems explained by the chair or moderator instead of yourself if necessary.,c. No too much detailed introductions,d. Dont start with “Today Im going to talk about”,Quotations - Chairman Mao had ever said that - As a famous saying goes ,Create humorous atmosphere - With a funny joke - Relevant to your topic,Raise a question ? - Is anybody know that Einstein had ever? - What is the most effective way to learn.?,Tell a story - Once there was a boy who devoted a lot to - It is a true story happened around,e. Dont lead the audience to take a negative attitude toward your subject,Be optimistic, be passionate and humorous Audience will follow your step.,No attention-getter No respondence and agreement.,f. Dont ask a broad question,Get your audience absent-minded of your broad question Lead your audience to think its a waste of time The audience know nothing about you topic,Have you ever wondered bow oil is distributed?,Im not sure that I can talk about this issue professionally and creatively.,Your may not realize it, and you may not agree with me, but actually the most important thing is .,D. Criteria for an effective introduction,5.it is persuasive and innovative,1.It is relevant,4.It stimulated your audience,2.It get your audience involved,3.It gets them to think positively about your subject,E. Tips for you,The most successful people are the one whove got most failures.,It is very important for us to follow the regulation at school as a student,No one can achieve if he contributes nothing, you need to be devoted.,2.Avoid clichs,3.Be directly,1.Be assertive,E. Tips for you,4.Use quotes,Well-said quotes is available. No cross, no crown,5. Be confidant,imagine you have succeed for many time Practice! practice and practice,6. Learn from common life,Slow down the pace of life, pay attention to roadside scenery,Conclusion of the speech,Guideline The purpose of conclusion Methods of concluding Dos and Donts of Conclusion Tips For U,A. The purpose of conclusion,Purposes To draw the last attention To leave your favorable impression To give a sense of completeness,B. Methods of concluding,Methods Summarize Call for action Give challenge Throw a shock Refer to the following event Return to the introduction Thank the audience,C. Dos and Donts of Conclusion,1、Do Work on Your Conclusion Carefully,2、Do Point Up That You Are About to Finish If Helpful,3、Do Make the Conclusion 10% or Less of Your Speech,4、Do Write Out the First Sentence of Your Conclusion on Your Speech,5、Do Thank the Audience,C. Dos and Donts of Conclusion,1、Do Not Say。,