高考英語(yǔ)考前寫(xiě)作技巧.ppt

寫(xiě)作,命題揭秘,規(guī)律探究根據(jù)以上真題，我們歸納出如下表格：,五個(gè)結(jié)論由上述試題與此表，我們得出如下結(jié)論： 1. 題材貼近考生：題材與考生的學(xué)習(xí)與生活有關(guān)，或與時(shí)事熱點(diǎn)相關(guān)。 2. 內(nèi)容略有開(kāi)放：寫(xiě)作的主要內(nèi)容已被限定，但又略有開(kāi)放，如2007年的“你的偶像及理由”；另外，語(yǔ)言表達(dá)的方式、信息組織的先后等考生也有一定的自主權(quán)。 3. 命題形式以提綱為主。近三年來(lái)，無(wú)論是廣東卷還是全國(guó)其他各省卷，都以中文提綱的形式為主，表格的形式次之，較少用圖表或圖畫(huà)等形式。當(dāng)然，我們?cè)趥淇贾?，最好是各種形式都要練習(xí)。,4. 要求只能用五個(gè)句子。因?qū)懽饕笾幸?guī)定只能用5句話(huà)表達(dá)全部?jī)?nèi)容，所以考生很可能需要用到并列句、復(fù)合句、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)、介詞短語(yǔ)等，才可表達(dá)全部的內(nèi)容。 5. 三條評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：句子結(jié)構(gòu)準(zhǔn)確，信息內(nèi)容完整，篇章結(jié)構(gòu)連貫。因此，我們力求做到句子中不出現(xiàn)詞匯和語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤，不要漏掉內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)，恰當(dāng)使用連接詞語(yǔ)。,解題密招,一個(gè)黃金法則 與寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容中規(guī)定的內(nèi)容有關(guān)的，能寫(xiě)一點(diǎn)就寫(xiě)一點(diǎn)，哪怕是不成句子的零星的一個(gè)或幾個(gè)單詞，也一定要寫(xiě)，千萬(wàn)不能留空格！這是基礎(chǔ)較差的考生必須記住的黃金法則。 因?yàn)閺慕陱V東高考英語(yǔ)閱卷情況看，只要能寫(xiě)出與寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容相關(guān)的一個(gè)或幾個(gè)單詞就會(huì)給分！若能用正確的簡(jiǎn)單句表達(dá)全部?jī)?nèi)容的，可以得該題滿(mǎn)分的60%，即9分，這已大大超過(guò)全省的平均分了! 但是若抄試卷中閱讀理解等地方的段落或句子，或者亂寫(xiě)一些與寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容無(wú)關(guān)的話(huà)，無(wú)論你抄襲的手段有多高明，再寫(xiě)多些也是零分！,五個(gè)解題步驟 以2009年廣州一模為例，說(shuō)明基礎(chǔ)寫(xiě)作題的基本步驟。(略見(jiàn)書(shū)的182-184),文體突破,技巧點(diǎn)拔 記敘文是以記事為主要內(nèi)容的一種文體，包括記人記事方面的故事、日記、游記、新聞、通訊等。記敘文通常要將時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事件、原因和結(jié)果等六個(gè)要素交代清楚。寫(xiě)作時(shí)要注意以下幾點(diǎn)： 1.注意不要漏掉信息點(diǎn)。 2.要特別注意故事發(fā)展的線(xiàn)索和時(shí)間順序等。 3.時(shí)態(tài)多數(shù)是用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，但也要注意靈活運(yùn)用其它時(shí)態(tài)。,記敘文,必備詞句 表示時(shí)間的詞語(yǔ)：once upon a time, one day, the next day, last Friday, on the morning of April 5,at first, then, after that, twenty minutes later, afterwards, soon, immediately, during, at last, eventually ,in the end, finally, when, while, after, before,1.描述一件令你印象深刻的事(據(jù)2009年湖南卷改編) 寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容 假設(shè)你是某中學(xué)新老師，在你第一天上課時(shí)發(fā)生一件令你印象深刻的事情，請(qǐng)將此事寫(xiě)下來(lái)，內(nèi)容包括： （1） 具體描述這件令你印象深刻的事情； （2） 介紹你處理該事的方式； （3） 談?wù)勀愕母邢搿?范文 1. 描述一件令你印象深刻的事 Here is an impressive story that happened on my first lesson. On hearing the bell, students ran into the classroom as quickly as possible/they could except that a boy, Li Ming, whose father died a month ago, was late for the class and stood outside the classroom，silently. Shortly after I let him come in，he cried on his desk. He apologized to me for his lateness and told me that his mother was ill and he had to take some medicine for her. Moved by his words， I praised him for his deeds and decided to sing a song named “Mother” for the students. From the story I felt we should respect our parents and do our best to help them.,2報(bào)道志愿者去敬老院開(kāi)展活動(dòng)(據(jù)2009年浙江卷改編) 5月1日，高二(3）班的學(xué)生志愿者Li Yue 和 Zhang Hua 去陽(yáng)光敬老院(Sunshine Nursing Home）開(kāi)展志愿者活動(dòng)(送水果、打掃、聊天等）。 寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容 假如你是校英語(yǔ)報(bào)的記者，請(qǐng)按下列要點(diǎn)用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一則新聞報(bào)道。 （1） 時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、任務(wù)、活動(dòng)； （2） 老人們的反應(yīng)； （3） 簡(jiǎn)短評(píng)論。,范文 2報(bào)道志愿者去敬老院開(kāi)展活動(dòng) Student Volunteers Brought Sunshine to the Elderly On May Day, Li Yue and Zhang Hua，students from Class Three，Grade Two，went to Sunshine Nursing Home and did some voluntary work. Upon their arrival， Li Yue and Zhang Hua were warmly welcomed, and respectfully, they presented the elderly with flowers and fruits, and then they cleaned the windows and swept the floor for the elderly. Everything done, they sat in the yard chatting with the elderly people.,When it was time for the volunteers to leave， the elderly people thanked them for their kindness and said it was such a beautiful day that they would remember it forever. Li Yue and Zhang Hua were very happy because what they did has brought joy to others and enriched their own lives.,說(shuō)明文,技巧點(diǎn)撥 說(shuō)明文是用簡(jiǎn)潔的文字介紹事物的特性、構(gòu)造、變化或結(jié)果的文章。高考中，說(shuō)明文常見(jiàn)的話(huà)題有：產(chǎn)品介紹、地點(diǎn)描述、方位描寫(xiě)、變化分析、購(gòu)物指南和操作說(shuō)明等。寫(xiě)作這類(lèi)文章需注意以下幾點(diǎn)： 1. 首先要讀題審題，弄清需要介紹的內(nèi)容，把握信息要點(diǎn)。 2. 寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容要條理清楚，層次分明。說(shuō)明科技方面的內(nèi)容常用定義法、對(duì)比法、分類(lèi)法和因果法等；說(shuō)明自然環(huán)境方面的內(nèi)容常用時(shí)空次序法與分類(lèi)法等。 3. 時(shí)態(tài)常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，當(dāng)然若是介紹其歷史時(shí)，要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；語(yǔ)態(tài)可能用到被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；若是介紹地點(diǎn)、環(huán)境等，要善于運(yùn)用there be結(jié)構(gòu)。,必備詞句,1. 描述現(xiàn)象With the development of society, heavy traffic has aroused great concern. Some people think.， while the others think. 隨著網(wǎng)絡(luò)的發(fā)展，網(wǎng)絡(luò)廣告已經(jīng)引起了廣泛的關(guān)注。一些人認(rèn)為，；而其他人認(rèn)為， 2. 說(shuō)明原因There are many reasons involved. Among them, the increase of private cars plays an imporant role.這涉及到許多原因。其中，私家車(chē)的猛增是主要原因。,3. 解決辦法 The first measure is to limit the number of private cars running on the street every day. Immediate after that, we should. Only in this way can we solve the problem.第一個(gè)重要措施是限制每天在路上的私家車(chē)的數(shù)量。之后，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)只有這樣，我們才能解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。 4. 說(shuō)明空間順序的詞語(yǔ)：far from, next to, in front of, （to the ）south of(面向的南面),1.介紹北京的前門(mén)大街改建情況(據(jù)2009年全國(guó)卷改編) 寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容 請(qǐng)你寫(xiě)一篇短文，給外國(guó)朋友簡(jiǎn)單介紹改建后前門(mén)大街的情況，內(nèi)容包括： （1）簡(jiǎn)況：前門(mén)大街長(zhǎng)800余米、600多年歷史、300余家商鋪； （2）位置：天安門(mén)廣場(chǎng)南面； （3）交通：公共汽車(chē)17、69、59等路，地鐵2號(hào)線(xiàn)； （4）特色：步行街、當(dāng)當(dāng)車(chē)、茶館、劇院等。,專(zhuān)題練析,Id like to tell you something about the rebuilt Qianmen Street. Im sure youll like it.,范文 1. 介紹北京的前門(mén)大街改建情況 Id like to tell you something about the rebuilt Qianmen Street. Qianmen Street is a famous street of over 600 years old. Along this 800- meter street, there are more than 300 shops. As the street is in the center of Beijing, just to the south of Tiananmen Square, its very convenient to get there by bus or subway. You may take Buses No. 17, 69, 59, or Subway Line 2. Qianmen Street is a pedestrian street, but there are trolley cars to take you not only to the shops, but also to teahouses and theatres where you can experience a true Chinese way of life. Im sure youll like it.,2.介紹鼠標(biāo)的利弊(2009年江蘇卷改編) 鼠標(biāo)是計(jì)算機(jī)時(shí)代最佳的人機(jī)交互工具之一。它極大地方便了人們的計(jì)算機(jī)操作。但是，過(guò)分依賴(lài)鼠標(biāo)的習(xí)慣也會(huì)帶來(lái)一些不利影響。 寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容 請(qǐng)你以鼠標(biāo)為切入點(diǎn)，根據(jù)下表所提示的信息，用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一篇短文。,范文 2. 介紹鼠標(biāo)的利弊 The mouse is a most effective device used by people to communicate with a computer. For most people, its almost impossible to operate a computer without a mouse, let alone surf the Internet. A well-chosen mouse is really handy, flexible and convenient in controlling the screen. With the functions of clicking， inserting, deleting, moving and copying, it enables us to edit text, browse web page and download what we want， including a flood of music, movies and PC games. A convenient tool can certainly make our work easier， but it doesnt always help in a positive way. Relying too much on mouse clicking makes us lazier and less creative both mentally and physically.,3.向外國(guó)朋友介紹中國(guó)的社交習(xí)俗(2009年四川卷改編) 寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容 請(qǐng)你用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一篇短文，向外國(guó)友人介紹中國(guó)人社交習(xí)俗的短文，內(nèi)容包括： （1）見(jiàn)面時(shí)的問(wèn)候方式； （2）對(duì)贊美的回答方式； （3）接收禮物時(shí)的回應(yīng)方式； （4）餐宴禮節(jié)。,范文 3. 向外國(guó)朋友介紹中國(guó)的社交習(xí)俗 The following are some Chinese customs. Firstly，we greet each other by saying “Hello” or asking such questions as “Where are you going?” or “Are you busy?” to express our care. Secondly， when praised， we reply with “Oh，no!” or “Im over-praised” to show good manners. Next，when receiving a gift，we usually say “Its unnecessary” besides “Thanks” to show politeness and then put it away. Finally, at dinner parties，we talk loudly and touch glasses when drinking to someones health or success to show that were warm. Anyhow，different cultures，different customs， and if you “Do as the Romans do when in Rome”, youll enjoy more of your stay here.,技巧點(diǎn)撥 作者對(duì)某一問(wèn)題持有一種看法，為了使讀者同意，提出若干理由，試圖說(shuō)服他人，這種通過(guò)議論或說(shuō)理來(lái)表達(dá)作者見(jiàn)解和主張的文體叫議論文。議論文的寫(xiě)作要注意以下幾點(diǎn)： 1. 準(zhǔn)確找出論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)及其之間的相互關(guān)系，即找出要點(diǎn)； 2. 合理安排材料的順序，即論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和結(jié)論之間的表述方式； 3. 注意文章的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)等。議論文常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，但述說(shuō)過(guò)去的事實(shí)時(shí)，可用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)；預(yù)測(cè)將來(lái)時(shí)，要用將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)；也經(jīng)常使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；有時(shí)假設(shè)一種虛擬情況時(shí)，還需要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。,議論文,必備詞句 1. Currently, there is a widespread concern over increasing traffic accidents.時(shí)下，不斷增加的交通事故已引起人們的廣泛關(guān)注。 2. Now people in growing numbers are coming to realize that. 現(xiàn)在越來(lái)越多的人正在逐漸意識(shí)到 3. The higher education fairness has drawn attention of the public. 高等教育公平問(wèn)題已經(jīng)引起公眾的普遍關(guān)注。 4. There is no denying the fact that private cars do bring convenience to our life.無(wú)可否認(rèn)，私家車(chē)確實(shí)給我們的生活帶來(lái)了方便。,5. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that. 通過(guò)上面的討論，我們不難得出結(jié)論. . 6. As a popular saying goes, “Every coin has two sides”.正如俗語(yǔ)所說(shuō)，“事物都有其兩面性”。 7. As a proverb says, “Everything has two sides”. On the one hand. On the other hand. 正如諺語(yǔ)所說(shuō)，“任何事物都是一分為二的”。一方面另一方面 8. As is known to all, “No pains, no gains”.眾所周知，“一份耕耘，一份收獲”。,專(zhuān)題練析,1.如何將壞心情變?yōu)楹眯那?2009年江西卷改編) 寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容 學(xué)校即將舉行以“Turning a bad mood (心情) into a good one”為題目的英語(yǔ)作文比賽，請(qǐng)按下列要求寫(xiě)一篇議論文。 （1）好心情的重要性； （2）產(chǎn)生壞心情的原因； （3）應(yīng)該如何調(diào)整心情。,范文 1. 如何將壞心情變?yōu)楹眯那?Turning a Bad Mood into a Good One It is very important for us to have a good mood in our daily life. If you have a good mood， you will be happy with everything in the world， and most importantly， you will have an optimistic effect on the people around you. We all will live a harmonious， happy and healthy life. However, sometimes when you meet some difficulties， quarrel with others or fail in doing something， you may have a bad mood. If so, you should think more about its bright side because every thing has its two sides. We are sure that everything will be better with time passing by. Remember: Only you can make yourself happy. I hope that everyone has a good mood every day!,2.做一個(gè)好的傾聽(tīng)者(據(jù)2008年江蘇卷改編) 實(shí)現(xiàn)有效的溝通，建立良好的人際關(guān)系，不僅要善于言表，更要學(xué)會(huì)傾聽(tīng)。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)下表中所提供的信息，請(qǐng)以“Being a Good Listener”為題寫(xiě)一篇英語(yǔ)短文。,范文 2. 做一個(gè)好的傾聽(tīng)者 Good listening can always show respect， promote understanding, and improve interpersonal relationship. Many people suggest that parents should listen more to their children， so they will understand them better， and find it easy to narrow the generation gap； teachers should listen more to their students； students should listen more to their classmates， thus they will help and learn from each other， and a friendship is likely to be formed.,What I want to stress is that each of us should listen more to others. Show your respect and never stop others till they finish their talk； show you are interested by a supportive silence or a knowing smile； be open-minded to different opinions even though you dont like them. In a word, good listening can really enable us to get closer to each other.,3.如何健康成長(zhǎng)(根據(jù)2008年遼寧卷改編) 學(xué)校舉辦“如何健康成長(zhǎng)”的英語(yǔ)作文比賽，請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下要點(diǎn)寫(xiě)一篇英語(yǔ)短文參加比賽： （1）樂(lè)觀(guān)的人生態(tài)度； （2）努力學(xué)習(xí)； （3）參加體育鍛煉。,3. 如何健康成長(zhǎng) We all want to grow up happily and healthily, and for this goal we must do several things. Firstly, we should develop a good attitude towards life, which consists of not only sunshine but also hard times, in front of which we should be brave. Secondly, we must study hard because knowledge is power, with which we can help to build our country and enjoy life better. In order to study well, we need to do sports so that we can keep fit. If so, we will be able to grow up happily and healthily.,應(yīng)用文,技巧點(diǎn)撥 應(yīng)用文是指日常生活和工作中為某種具體的實(shí)用目的而寫(xiě)的文體，主要有書(shū)信、通知、海報(bào)、請(qǐng)柬、請(qǐng)假條、便條、日記、啟事、祝辭、履歷表等。寫(xiě)作時(shí)要注意以下幾點(diǎn)： 1. 正式的應(yīng)用文有比較規(guī)范的格式，但高考中的基礎(chǔ)寫(xiě)作至今尚未考查過(guò)格式，只要求表達(dá)正文內(nèi)容。 2. 注意時(shí)態(tài)，如日記常用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，通知、請(qǐng)柬通常要用將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)，而履歷表用過(guò)去式或現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。 3. 應(yīng)用文的寫(xiě)作往往有一些特定的習(xí)慣語(yǔ)句或套話(huà)，這些語(yǔ)句在考試中可能會(huì)考查到，所以要重點(diǎn)掌握。,1.普通信 (1)I was so pleased to hear from you. You want to know. 很高興收到你的來(lái)信，你想知道 (2)Im writing to tell you about. 我寫(xiě)信想告訴你 (3)Im writing to you informing that. 我寫(xiě)信給你，是想告訴你,2.求職信 開(kāi)頭：Im a student from. Im glad to learn that you need a/an. Im quite interested in it and I think I am fit for it.我是的學(xué)生，很高興得知你們需要招聘一個(gè)我對(duì)此非常感興趣，而且我認(rèn)為我非常適合這個(gè)工作。 結(jié)束：If I have a chance to work in your company, I will try my best to be a good employee.如果我有機(jī)會(huì)為貴公司工作，我將竭盡全力做一個(gè)優(yōu)秀員工。,3.求助信 I have a trouble these days and need your help/advice.這些日子我有件煩惱事，需要你的幫助。 4. 邀請(qǐng)信 We are planning to hold. in. (地點(diǎn)) on. (時(shí)間). Im writing to ask you to come and. 我們計(jì)劃某日在某處舉行我寫(xiě)信邀請(qǐng)你來(lái) 5.電子郵件 My email address is .,6.通知 (1)We are going to organize an English Speech Contest so that everyone in our school will improve their English. It is to be held at. 為了提高我校學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)水平，我們準(zhǔn)備組織一次英語(yǔ)演講比賽。將在舉行。 (2)The Students Union has decided to organize a music week. It will be held in. 學(xué)生會(huì)決定組織一次音樂(lè)周活動(dòng)。將在舉行。 (3)There will be an important lecture in Classroom 302, at 2:30 on Friday afternoon.星期五下午兩點(diǎn)半在302教室將有一個(gè)重要的演講。 (4)If youd like to take part in the contest, please come and sign up for it before April 20th.如果你愿意參加這項(xiàng)比賽，請(qǐng)?jiān)?月20日前來(lái)報(bào)名。 (5)Everyone who wants to attend is welcome.歡迎參加。,7.發(fā)言稿 It is a great honour for me to speak here to welcome our guests.非常榮幸能站在這里為歡迎我們的客人致辭。 8.便條/請(qǐng)假條 Im sorry to say that I cant go to school for three days until Im well.對(duì)不起，我要請(qǐng)假三天直到身體恢復(fù)才能上學(xué)。,專(zhuān)題練析,1. 留言條:給房東寫(xiě)留言條(2009年全國(guó)I卷改編) 假定你是李華，正在英國(guó)接受英語(yǔ)培訓(xùn)，住在一戶(hù)英國(guó)人家里。今天你的房東Mrs. Wilson 不在家，你準(zhǔn)備外出。 寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容 請(qǐng)按要求給Mrs. Wilson 寫(xiě)一張留言條，主要內(nèi)容包括： （1）外出購(gòu)物，下午5:00才回來(lái)； （2）替房東去市圖書(shū)館還書(shū)； （3）Tracy 在下午1:00來(lái)電話(huà)留言： 咖啡屋(Bolton Coffee）見(jiàn)面取消；此事已告知Susan；盡快回電。,范文 1. 留言條：給房東寫(xiě)留言條 Mrs. Wilson， Im going out shopping， and wont be back until about 5:00 pm. I have taken with me the two books you asked me to return to the City Library. At about 1 oclock this afternoon， Tracy called， saying that she couldnt meet you at Bolton Coffee tomorrow morning as she has something important to attend to. She felt very sorry about that， but said that you could set some other time for the meeting. She has already told Susan about this change and wanted you to call her back as soon as you are home. Li Hua,2. 發(fā)言稿：演講比賽開(kāi)幕式發(fā)言稿(2009年天津卷改編) 假設(shè)你是晨光中學(xué)的學(xué)生會(huì)主席李華。學(xué)生會(huì)將舉辦每年一度的英語(yǔ)演講比賽，本年度的主題為“The English Novel I Like Best”。作為組織者，你將在演講比賽開(kāi)幕時(shí)發(fā)言。 寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容 請(qǐng)你根據(jù)以下提示用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一篇發(fā)言稿。 （1）說(shuō)明比賽的意義，如提高英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)說(shuō)能力，養(yǎng)成讀書(shū)的習(xí)慣等； （2）說(shuō)明比賽的注意事項(xiàng)，如每人演講不超過(guò)5分鐘，語(yǔ)言流利，發(fā)音準(zhǔn)確等； （3）預(yù)祝比賽圓滿(mǎn)成功。,范文 2. 發(fā)言稿：演講比賽開(kāi)幕式發(fā)言稿 Good afternoon， Ladies and gentlemen， Welcome to this years English speech competition. Taking part in English speech competition is a helpful way to learn English. While we fully prepare for the competition， we can improve our abilities of listening and speaking and develop a good habit of reading English. In the process of the competition， you are supposed to finish your speech in five minutes and try your best to express yourself in English fluently. Besides， you should have a good English pronunciation. I hope that the English speech competition will be a great success! Thank you!,3.演講稿：關(guān)于父母翻看孩子日記或書(shū)包的演講稿(2009年安徽卷改編) 寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容 假設(shè)你正在參加全省中學(xué)生英語(yǔ)演講比賽，請(qǐng)你針對(duì)有些父母經(jīng)常翻看孩子日記或書(shū)包這一現(xiàn)象，寫(xiě)一篇演講稿，并陳述你的觀(guān)點(diǎn)。演講稿的主要內(nèi)容應(yīng)包括： （1）認(rèn)為同學(xué)們不必為此苦惱； （2）希望能夠體諒父母的苦衷； （3）建議與父母進(jìn)行交流和溝通。,3. 演講稿：關(guān)于父母翻看孩子日記或書(shū)包的演講稿 Good morning， ladies and gentlemen, Some of us are having problems with our parents, as they often look into our school-bags or read our diaries. I fully understand why we are not comfortable about it, but theres no need to feel too sad. Our parents are checking our bags or diaries to make sure were not getting into any trouble. They have probably heard some horrible stories about other kids and thought we might do the same, or perhaps they just want to connect with us but are doing it all wrong. My suggestion is: Tell them we want them to trust us as much as wed like to trust them. If you dont think you can talk to them，write them a letter and leave it lying aroundthey are bound to read it. Thank you!,命題形式突破,近年高考寫(xiě)作題以中文提綱和表格為主，也仍有可能用到圖畫(huà)和圖表等形式。本部分對(duì)以各種命題形式可能要考的內(nèi)容或話(huà)題進(jìn)行了探討；不但對(duì)寫(xiě)作技法進(jìn)行點(diǎn)撥，而且給每類(lèi)作文常用的語(yǔ)句進(jìn)行了歸納；最后，再提供適量的訓(xùn)練題。,命題預(yù)測(cè) 表格類(lèi)作文的特點(diǎn)是簡(jiǎn)潔、直觀(guān)，能夠分門(mén)別類(lèi)列出多項(xiàng)寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容，多用于考查考生提取、分析、表達(dá)表格信息的能力。該命題形式可大致分為兩大類(lèi)： 1. 對(duì)比、分析類(lèi)寫(xiě)作。調(diào)查研究結(jié)果對(duì)比、人物性格愛(ài)好對(duì)比、過(guò)去現(xiàn)狀對(duì)比、呈現(xiàn)辯論雙方論點(diǎn)等基礎(chǔ)寫(xiě)作，都可通過(guò)表格進(jìn)行分列對(duì)比。如2007年廣東英語(yǔ)高考基礎(chǔ)寫(xiě)作要求考生對(duì)比、分析“男女生心中偶像”的調(diào)查結(jié)果。,表格類(lèi)作文,2. 介紹、描述類(lèi)寫(xiě)作。介紹或描述地點(diǎn)、活動(dòng)、節(jié)目、物品等表格寫(xiě)作通常有兩列，其中一列概括事物特征、屬性，另一列對(duì)此特征、屬性展開(kāi)描述。如2009年“廣州二模”基礎(chǔ)寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容是介紹“地球一小時(shí)”這個(gè)活動(dòng)。表格的第一列列出“名稱(chēng)、時(shí)間、形式、目的、發(fā)展、感想”等要點(diǎn)，另一列則具體說(shuō)明這些要點(diǎn)，考生必須把兩列內(nèi)容有機(jī)結(jié)合，寫(xiě)成一篇通順、連貫的文章，切忌照點(diǎn)翻譯。,技巧點(diǎn)撥 1. 細(xì)心閱題、縝密構(gòu)思。考生必須認(rèn)真閱讀題目提供的所有信息，如情景說(shuō)明、寫(xiě)作要求、評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、參考詞匯、是否提供開(kāi)頭或結(jié)尾等。這些內(nèi)容都不可忽略。 如在2007年廣東英語(yǔ)高考基礎(chǔ)寫(xiě)作中，寫(xiě)作要點(diǎn)“調(diào)查時(shí)間、調(diào)查問(wèn)題以及調(diào)查對(duì)象”便是在表格以外的寫(xiě)作引入說(shuō)明部分找到的。 此外，基礎(chǔ)寫(xiě)作要求使用5個(gè)句子覆蓋全部信息，考生在動(dòng)筆前應(yīng)構(gòu)思如何有條理地把表格內(nèi)容按類(lèi)別或邏輯分為5個(gè)句子。,2. 開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山，注意時(shí)態(tài)。第一句開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山進(jìn)入題目要求的寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容(如概括時(shí)間、人物、發(fā)生了什么事等），并根據(jù)寫(xiě)作文體和事件發(fā)生的時(shí)間，使用適當(dāng)時(shí)態(tài)。撰寫(xiě)調(diào)查研究和辯論討論結(jié)果，發(fā)表議論和個(gè)人觀(guān)點(diǎn)，介紹或描述物體等句子通常使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如： (1) Last week, we carried out a survey about idols among 2600 students. (根據(jù)時(shí)間，選擇適當(dāng)時(shí)態(tài)） (2) Recently, we have had a debate over whether we should give money to the beggars on the street. (根據(jù)時(shí)間，選擇適當(dāng)時(shí)態(tài)）,(3) The result shows that more and more people tend to use computers in their daily life. (撰寫(xiě)調(diào)查結(jié)果，使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)） (4) The Great Wall, which is more than 6,000 kilometers long, is the longest wall in the world. (介紹事物、地點(diǎn)，使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）,3. 轉(zhuǎn)換表格，寫(xiě)成短文。考生必須重新組織表格內(nèi)容，不能依據(jù)表格逐條翻譯，不能出現(xiàn)如“1. 2. 3.”的列點(diǎn)翻譯，更不能寫(xiě)成短語(yǔ)式的提綱，而要寫(xiě)成適當(dāng)文體的短文。 4. 變換表達(dá)，豐富語(yǔ)匯。表格類(lèi)作文多出現(xiàn)相同內(nèi)容的描述或分析。為避免重復(fù)，建議使用不同語(yǔ)言和句式表達(dá)同類(lèi)信息。如表達(dá)“愛(ài)好”，可選用 like. very much, be fond of, be keen on, be crazy about等不同表達(dá)；表達(dá)“期望”，可選用look forward to doing, expect to do, long to do, desire to do, be eager to do等句型。,(一)對(duì)比、分析類(lèi)寫(xiě)作 1. 介紹、引入寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容。 (1) make / do / conduct / carry out a survey about / on sth.開(kāi)展了一項(xiàng)的調(diào)查 (2) have / organize a (heated) debate / discussion over sth.進(jìn)行/組織了有關(guān)的(激烈）辯論/討論 2. 呈現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)或結(jié)果。 (1) The survey /result/ debate shows that . 調(diào)查/結(jié)果/辯論表明 (2) As the data / table shows,. 正如數(shù)據(jù)/表格所示，,必備詞句,3. 進(jìn)行對(duì)比或比較。 常使用but, while, however, on the contrary等。如： (1) As the data shows, “parents” ranks the second for the girls, but the fourth for the boys. 正如數(shù)據(jù)所示，“父母”在女生心中排第二位，但在男生心中排第四位。 (2) The survey shows that half of the girls choose film and TV stars as idols, while 48% of the boys choose sports stars. 研究表明，50%的受訪(fǎng)女生選擇影視明星作為偶像，然而48%的受訪(fǎng)男生選擇體育明星作為偶像。,(3) Some hold the opinion that we should give money to beggars because some of them are the old who are unable to make a living. However/ On the contrary, others argue that many people dress themselves up as beggars in order to earn money. 一些人認(rèn)為，我們應(yīng)該給錢(qián)乞丐，因?yàn)樗麄兺ǔＪ菦](méi)有賺錢(qián)能力的老人。然而，另外一些人卻認(rèn)為，很多人打扮成乞丐，目的只是為了賺錢(qián)。,4. 分?jǐn)?shù)、倍數(shù)、排序的表達(dá)。 (1) 直接表達(dá)：18% of.， two fifths of. 等 (2) 變換表達(dá)：25% of. = one fourth of. = one quarter of. ；50% of=half of . (3) 倍數(shù)+(形容詞/副詞）比較級(jí)+than; 倍數(shù)+as +(形容詞/副詞）+as The percentage of the boys choosing “great figures” is the same as that of the girls. 選擇“偉人”作為偶像的男生和女生的百分比是一樣的。 The number of students in our school is three times larger than that in theirs.我們學(xué)校的考生數(shù)量比他們學(xué)校的多三倍。,(4) 排序： sb./sth. rank the first place某人或某物排在第一位 sb./sth. is in the second place某人或某物排在第二位 A put B in the first place A把B放在第一位,5. 呈現(xiàn)不同人的觀(guān)點(diǎn)和看法。,(1)身份：students(考生), professors,(教授) participants(參加者), contestants(選手), organizers(組織者)，passengers(乘客) (2) 泛指： the +adj. 某一類(lèi)人(如the old，老人）；Some . Others . 一些人，另一些人 (3) 使用定語(yǔ)從句: those who .， the people who . 那些的人 (4) in ones opinion, as far as sb. is concerned 據(jù)某人看來(lái) (5) sb. think/ believe/ argue/ consider/ reflect that . 某人認(rèn)為 sb. be fully convinced that. /sb. firmly believe that . 某人確信 sb. hold the opinion that . 某人持的觀(guān)點(diǎn),(二)介紹、描述類(lèi)寫(xiě)作 1.地理位置(位于，坐落于)：sth. be located /situated in； sth. lie (s) in 2.人口： It has a population of ；With a population of .， it . ；The population has reached. 3.歷史： It has a history of.；With a history of .， it . 4.占地面積：It covers an area of . square meters(平方米）. 5.長(zhǎng)度、寬度、深度： It is . long / wide / deep. =It is . in length / width / depth.,6.著名景點(diǎn)、特色： 名勝古跡：historical attraction, place of interest, scenic spots 自然風(fēng)光：the picturesque scenery sth. attract /appeal to sb.某物吸引某人 sth. be so attractive / wonderful /appealing that . 某物是如此的吸引人，以致 It is famous for /as . 因?yàn)?作為而著名,專(zhuān)題練習(xí),1.互聯(lián)網(wǎng)是否拉近人們之間的距離 上周五，你校學(xué)生會(huì)以“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)是否拉近人們之間的距離”為論題，開(kāi)展了一次辯論賽。以下是雙方的論點(diǎn)摘要：,范文1. 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)是否拉近人們之間的距離 Last Friday, the Student Union in our school organized(使用適當(dāng)時(shí)態(tài)) a debate over whether the Internet brings people closer or keeps them farther ap