【高考輔導(dǎo)資料】2011屆高考英語二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案：專題1_語法和詞匯知識之動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)

專題一 語法和詞匯知識之動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)（5）（新課標(biāo)）【專題考點(diǎn)】 在具體語境中考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)，而且題干中有效信息越來越隱藏，加大試題難度是高考時態(tài)命題的趨勢，考點(diǎn)如下：1 考查一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時、過去進(jìn)行時、現(xiàn)在完成時、過去完成時、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時、將來進(jìn)行時等常見時態(tài)2 考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)相結(jié)合3考查主動形式表示被動意義【典例探究】1（2010山東卷T30）Up to now, the program _ thousands of children who would otherwise have died.A. would save B. savesC. had saved D. has saved 【解析】選D。句意為：截止到現(xiàn)在，這個項目已經(jīng)挽救了成千上萬的本來會死去的孩子的生命。句中的up to now是現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的一個典型標(biāo)志，此句要用現(xiàn)在完成時，由此排除其他選擇項，正確答案為D項。would save過去將來時；saves 一般現(xiàn)在時；had saved 過去完成時，均不符合句意要求。【知識拓展】時態(tài)考查題中的標(biāo)志詞或短語在解題中的作用：在很多時態(tài)類考查題目中，找到解題的題眼就掌握了解題的金鑰匙，所謂“題眼”即指一些與特定時態(tài)連用的一些表示時間的副詞及介詞短語。（1）與一般過去時常用的短語：yesterday, last year, three years ago, in 1980等，這些結(jié)構(gòu)常常提示大家，這些句子中的謂語動作發(fā)生在過去，而與現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系，如：Helostapenyesterday.(單純的過去動作,現(xiàn)在是否找到不知道)。（2）某些副詞或介詞短語提示則說明其所在的句子要用現(xiàn)在完成時，如since, ever since, so far, up to now, recently, lately, in the past few days等，如：Ever since the first space flight made by Apollo 11 to the moon, the human beings have many more space explorations in the past 4 decades. 2（2010江蘇卷T23）Why, Jack, you look so tired! Well, I _ the house and I must finish the work tomorrow.A. was painting B. will be painting C. have painted D. have been painting【解析】選D。句意：咦，杰克，你看起來這么累！哦，我一直在粉刷房子，我必須明天完成這項工作。根據(jù)語境可知“粉刷房子”這個動作一直進(jìn)行到現(xiàn)在，并且還要繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去。所以應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時，選擇D項。3 (2010全國卷IIT9)Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only of the women who _ evening dress.A. wear B. wears C.has worn D.have worn【解析】選B。此題考查定語從句中的時態(tài)與主謂一致，所以要注意定語從句中的主語即關(guān)系代詞who指代的是誰。此處who指代的是the only而不是the women，故謂語要用單數(shù)形式。當(dāng)遇到定語從句修飾的部分有the(only) one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞時，定語從句修飾的是the(only) one。這樣首先排除A、D兩項；又根據(jù)語境可知此處指Barbara目前穿著一件晚禮服，沒有強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的完成，故又排除C項。句意：很容易認(rèn)出芭芭拉，因為她是穿著晚禮服的唯一的女士。4（2010江西卷T 30）. Mother wanted to be a good provider, a role she _since her marriage to Father.A. shouldersB. shoulderedC. is shouldering D. has been shouldering【解析】選D。句意：母親想成為一個好的養(yǎng)家者，一個自從和父親結(jié)婚以來一直扮演的角色，根據(jù)句中的時間狀語since可知應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時，故選D項。5（2010重慶卷24）.The book has been translated into thirty languages since it on the market in 1973.A. had come B. has come C. came D. comes【解析】選C。句意：自從這本書在1973年在市場銷售以來，已被翻譯成30種語言了。題干中的since 自從以來，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時，since引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的謂語動詞常用一般過去時，所以選C項。【知識拓展】since的用法1 )since介詞,副詞或連詞 自以來,自以后;由它引導(dǎo)的時間狀語代表一個時間段,主句用現(xiàn)在完成時.He has lived in Beijing since liberation.自從解放以來他一直住在北京She has been teaching Einglish since she graduated.她畢業(yè)后一直在教英語.They went to Shanghai two years ago and we have not seen them since.兩年前,他們?nèi)チ松虾?自此我們再也沒見過.2)It is/has been + 一段時間+since從句(從句用過去時). It was/had been + 一段時間+since從句(從句用過去完成時). It was three years since he had served in the army. 他入伍3年了. It is twenty years since he joined the party.他入黨20年了3)since 既然 因為.引出原因狀語從句. Since you have signed an agreement,you cant out of it now. 既然簽了協(xié)議,你現(xiàn)在就不能反悔.【跟蹤演練】1（2011江西贛州十一縣市高三上期中聯(lián)考）That pudding was the most delicious dessert we _Ahave had Bhad never had Cwould Dhad ever had 2 （2011遼寧撫順六校聯(lián)合體高三一模）-Its many years since I saw you last, I _ you at all.-I wouldnt have, either, if someone _ you by the name.Adidnt recognize; hadnt called Bdidnt recognize; didnt callChavent recognized; didnt call Dcant recognize; had called3（2011山東棗莊高三第一次質(zhì)檢）Tom is absent this week. Do you know what _ to him?A. has happened B. was happening C. will happen D. had happened4（2010河北省唐山一中二模）17. You were out when I dropped in at your house. Oh, I _ for a friend from England at the airport.A. was waitingB. had waited C. am waiting D. have waited5（2010河南省開封市二模）27Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people to enjoy the advantages of this new technology.AbeginBbeganChave begunDhad begun6（2010黑龍江省哈三中等四校二模）28I had wanted to help you last night but I couldnt spare any timefor I an essay that is due this morningAwrote Bhad written Cwas writing Dhave written7（2010黑龍江省哈三中等四校二模）33It was the first time that Mike the piano at the concert hall and he hoped that his nervousness would go Aplayed；unnoticed Bhad played；unnoticedCplayed；unnoticing Dhad played；unnoticing8（2010吉林省實(shí)驗中學(xué)二模）10. He was proud and was not used _ to like that. A. to be spoken B. to being spoken C. being spoken D. to speaking9（2010 江蘇省南通市二模擬）28. Where have you been all day? I _ some former classmates and I couldnt get back until it was dark. A. have met B. met C. would meet D. had met10（2010 江蘇省南通市二模擬）30. Now the weight. Only 115. Youd better put on a few pounds.Well, actually, I _ like a horse.A. ate B. was eating C. have been eating D. will eat11（2010 江蘇省寧海外國語學(xué)校二模）24Last Monday，while the students on the playground watching the national flag being raised，something unexpected Awere standing；arose Bstood；was arising Chad stood；had arisen Dwould stand；would arise12. It _hard now, otherwise we could have a barbecue on the beach. A. rained B. is rainingC. rains D. would rain13. All his attention _on the computer game he was playing, so he even didnt notice his mother enter the room. A. has been fixed B. was fixingC. was fixed D. fixed14. None of them _the thin girl could keep her end up and come out first in the international marathon. A. have predicted B. would predictC. were predicted D. had predicted15. Ever since Dolly, the sheep was cloned in 1997, Westhusins phone _with people calling in hopes of making the copies of their pets. A. has rung B. rangC. was ringing D. has been ringing16. Excuse me. I wonder if you can help me. I _my ID card. But where did you lose it?A. have lost B. lost C. had lost D. lose17. Since the beginning of the vacation, I _across the country, and my next stop is the Wuyi Mountain. A. had travelled B. will travelC. have been travelling D. was travelling18. Luckily, the loss _great; otherwise, our company would have closed down. A. isnt B. hadnt beenC. hasnt been D. wasnt19. Im going to attend your lecture at 9:30 tomorrow morning. I regret to tell you that when you arrive it will have ended and I _questions with my students. A. would discuss B. will discussC. will be discussing D. am discussing20. Good news! Maybe I _a job soon. I had an interview at an engineering firm yesterday. A. have been offered B. would be offeredC. will be offered D. is offered21. Why didnt you buy any bread while doing shopping yesterday evening?Sorry,_ . A. I forget B. I forgotC. I had forgotten D. I have forgotten22. Whats your opinion about my suggestion?Sorry, I_. Would you please say it again?A. hadnt listened B. wouldnt listenC. wasnt listening D. didnt listen23. Although many measures_, the worlds economy is still going down. A. were taken B. have been takenC. will be taken D. are taken24. His father, a famous university professor, who is said to have started his teaching career in Australia, _in Nanjing University for more than twenty years. A. has worked B. workedC. is working D. will work25. We should get together next week. Sounds like a plan! I _you a call.A. will give B. would giveC. have given D. give26. Im sorry, my mind_. What_ you_?You are always absent-minded in class. A. are wandering; do; sayB. wandered; had; saidC. wandered; did; sayD. was wandering; did; say27. This Monday morning I was informed I _as one of three exchange students from our college. A. had been choosing B. was chosenC. had been chosen D. was choosing28. The pianist planned to give a concert on March 8 but the date _because of his illness. A. was postponing B. was postponedC. had been postponed D. was being postponed29. If I hadnt been caught in the heavy rain, I could have been back by 7 oclock. What a pity! Stella _here to see you. A. is B. was C. would be D. has been30. Since being published on March 13, the book _a bestseller in many Chinese bookstores. A. has become B. becameC. is becoming D. was becoming31. Because of the Russian gas limit to Europe, attempts _to use botanical fuel as a source of power. A. have made B. having madeC. are being made D. will be making32. Another cup of coffee? Thats your third since lunch. Yeah, well, I _all night preparing for my history exam. I can hardly keep my eyes open.A. stayed up B. have stayed upC. have been staying up D. will stay up33. We wont know how much food to buy until we decide how many people_. A. were coming B. are comingC. have been coming D. had come34. Please stop to have a rest. You _the washing machine the whole morning. A. have repaired B. were repairingC. have been repaired D. have been repairing35. Mom, you should have taken me to the park this morning. I had planned to, but I couldnt afford the time. I _a lecture. A. had given B. gaveC. was giving D. would give36. Gina has a sweet tooth and loves meat more than anything else. No wonder she _weight so fast. A. gains B. gainedC. had gained D. is gaining37. Where can we get your new science fiction?Im sorry, it _and will come out next week. A. has been printed B. will be printedC. is printed D. is being printed38. Has the football match just started?Just started? It must be clear who _by now. A. is winning B. winsC. has won D. would win39. Lets discuss the question raised last night, shall we?There is no hurry for that. I _for a conference. A. headed B. was headingC. am heading D. have headed40. John and Lucia got married last week. Did you go to their wedding?No, I _a lecture in another city. A. gave B. have givenC. had given D. was giving答案1 D 2 A 3 A4 A 5 B 6 C 7B 8B 9B10 C11 A 12.【解析】選B?？疾閯釉~時態(tài)。由時間狀語now可知, 該句應(yīng)為現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時。解題時注意, 不要受后面虛擬語氣句中時態(tài)的干擾。13.【解析】選C?？疾閯釉~的時態(tài)、語態(tài)。句意為：他的全部精力都集中在玩電腦游戲上了。因此甚至沒有注意到母親走進(jìn)房間。fix ones attention on表示“集中精力在上”, attention是動詞fix的賓語, 所以attention與fix之間是被動關(guān)系。14.【解析】選D?？疾閯釉~的時態(tài)。句意為：沒有人料到這個瘦瘦的女孩會堅持到最后并成為國際馬拉松比賽的第一名。人們的預(yù)料發(fā)生在比賽結(jié)束之前, 所以用過去完成時表示過去的過去。15.【解析】選D。考查動詞的時態(tài)。由該句的時間狀語“Ever since Dolly. . . in 1997”判斷, 應(yīng)用完成時, 但ring是瞬間動詞, 不能與“ever since+過去時間的時間狀語”連用, 故用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時。16.【解析】選A?？疾闀r態(tài)。一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時均可表示事情已經(jīng)發(fā)生, 但一般過去時強(qiáng)調(diào)動作本身, 而現(xiàn)在完成時強(qiáng)調(diào)該動作的結(jié)果和影響。第一個人說自己的ID card丟了想尋求幫助, 所以應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時。17.【解析】選C?？疾閯釉~的時態(tài)。該題的時間狀語為since+過去的時間點(diǎn), 結(jié)合后面的“my next stop is the Wuyi Mountain”可以看出這里應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時, 表示從過去開始的動作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在, 并可能持續(xù)下去。18.【解析】選D?？疾閯釉~的時態(tài)。由句意可知造成損失應(yīng)發(fā)生在過去, 后句的虛擬語氣可作為推測的依據(jù)。19.【解析】選C?？疾闀r態(tài)。由句意可知discuss questions是在明天上午9：30正在進(jìn)行。因此使用將來進(jìn)行時。20.【解析】選C。考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。由句中的soon可知, 這里表示將來發(fā)生的動作, 應(yīng)用一般將來時, offer與I之間是動賓關(guān)系, 故應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)。21.【解析】選B?？疾閯釉~的時態(tài)。根據(jù)語境判斷“忘記”這一動作發(fā)生在過去而非現(xiàn)在, 故用一般過去時。22.【解析】選C?？疾闀r態(tài)。從本題的語境來看, 說話人剛才沒有在聽對方的建議, 因此, 使用過去進(jìn)行時表示“聽”的動作剛才沒有在發(fā)生。23.【解析】選B?？疾閯釉~的時態(tài)與語態(tài)。表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成影響, 所以用現(xiàn)在完成時, take與measures之間構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系, 所以要用被動語態(tài)。24.【解析】選B?？疾閯釉~的時態(tài)。由題干中的定語從句可知這位教授現(xiàn)在在澳大利亞執(zhí)教; 主句描述的是過去的一段經(jīng)歷, 故此處應(yīng)用一般過去時, 注意不能因為句中的時間狀語for more than twenty years而誤選現(xiàn)在完成時。25.【解析】選A?？疾閯釉~的時態(tài)。對方提出應(yīng)該在下周聚一聚, 說話人認(rèn)為這是一個不錯的計劃, 到時候（next week）會給對方打電話聯(lián)系。26.【解析】選D?？疾闀r態(tài)。句意為：抱歉, 我走神了。你說的什么？你上課總是心不在焉。根據(jù)對話內(nèi)容可知選D。27.【解析】選C?？疾闀r態(tài)和語態(tài)。choose的動作發(fā)生在過去的過去, 應(yīng)用過去完成時。此處又表示被動, 故用過去完成時的被動語態(tài)。28.【解析】選B?？疾闀r態(tài)和語態(tài)。日期被推遲, 所以用被動;這里表示的是對過去動作的一般性陳述, 應(yīng)用一般過去時。29.【解析】選B。考查時態(tài)。第一句是與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣, 因此第二句應(yīng)該用一般過去時。30.【解析】選A?？疾閯釉~的時態(tài)。從since可知應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。句意：自3月13日出版以來, 這本書在很多中文書店都成了暢銷書。31.【解析】選C?？疾闀r態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意為：由于俄羅斯限制向歐洲出口天然氣, 他們正在努力用植物燃料來作為一種新的能源。此處的make和attempts之間是動賓關(guān)系, 故用被動語態(tài)。32.【解析】選A?？疾閯釉~的時態(tài)。從語意“我熬了整整一夜準(zhǔn)備歷史考試, 現(xiàn)在眼睛都睜不開了?！笨芍? stay up的動作發(fā)生在過去, 時態(tài)應(yīng)該用一般過去時, 故應(yīng)該選A項。33.【解析】選B。考查時態(tài)。句意：直到我們斷定有多少人要來, 我們才知道需要買多少食物。這里are coming表示將來, 故B項正確。34.【解析】選D。考查時態(tài)。句意為：請停下來歇會吧。這臺洗衣機(jī)你已經(jīng)修了整整一上午了。本題說話者表示：從早晨到現(xiàn)在一直修理洗衣機(jī), 并強(qiáng)調(diào)此刻還在修理, 故用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時。35.【解析】選C?？疾閯釉~時態(tài)。表示過去某一時間正在進(jìn)行的動作用過去進(jìn)行時。故選項C正確。36.【解析】選D?？疾閯釉~的時態(tài)。吉娜喜歡甜食而且酷愛吃肉。難怪她的體重增加這么快。她的體重增加是目前正在持續(xù)發(fā)生的動作, 因此用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時。（it is）no wonder (that)表示“難怪; 不足為奇”。37.【解析】選D?？疾闀r態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)后面的will come out next week可知, 應(yīng)該選擇D項, 用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)表示（小說）正在（被）印刷中。38.【解析】選A?？疾閯釉~時態(tài)。根據(jù)對話內(nèi)容可知應(yīng)該選擇A項。本題的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示將來時態(tài), 即到這時候為止, 一定已經(jīng)很清楚誰要贏了。其他選項不合題意。39.【解析】選C?？疾闀r態(tài)。句意為：我們討論一下昨晚提出的問題, 好嗎？不必這么匆忙, 我要去開會。根據(jù)語境可知C項正確, 此處用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示將來。40.【解析】選D?？疾闀r態(tài)。由語境可知在上周, 他們舉行婚禮時, “我”正在另一個城市講學(xué), 因此用過去進(jìn)行時, 表示在過去某段時間正在進(jìn)行的動作?！菊骖}在線】1.（2010全國卷IT32）The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune_A. is made B. would makeC. was to be made D. had made2.(2010遼寧卷T24）Joseph _to evening classes since last month, but he still cant say “Whats your name?” in Russian.Ahas been going Bwent Cgoes Dhas gone3.（2010遼寧卷T30）.I _ all the cooking for my family, but recently Ive been too busy to do it.Awill do Bdo Cam doing Dhad done4.（2010陜西卷T 21）I have to see the doctor because I a lot lately. A. have been coughing B. had coughedC. coughed D. cough5.（2010上海卷T 28）. Every few years, the coal workers their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health.A. are having B. haveC. have had D. had had6.（2010上海卷T 31）The church tower which will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished.A. has restored B. has been restored C. is restoring D. is being restored7.（2010四川卷T16）. When shall we restart our business?Not until we our plan.A. will finish B. are finishing C. are to finish D. have finished8.（2010安徽卷T28）Were you surprised by the ending of the film?No, I _the book, so I already knew the story.A. was reading B. had read C. am reading D. have read 9（2010北京卷T 24）Ive not finished with my dinner yet. But our friends for us.A. will wait B. wait C. have waited D. are waiting10（2010北京卷T 26）Im sorry, but I dont quite follow you. Did you say you want to return on September 20? Sorry, I myself clear. We want to return on October 20.A. hadnt made B. wouldnt makeC. dont make D. havent made11.（2010湖南卷T24）This coastal area a national wildlife reserve last year.A. was namedB. namedC. is namedD. names12.（2010湖南卷T27）I was just going to cut my rose bushes but someone it. Was it you?A. has doneB. had doneC. would doD. will do13.（2010湖南卷T31）I walked slowly through the market, where people all kinds of fruits and vegetables. I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed.A. sellB. were sellingC. had soldD. have sold14.（2009全國卷T 26）Her sister left home in 1998, and _since. A. had not been heard of B. has not been heard ofC. had not heard of D. has not heard of15.（2009全國卷T 29）Edward, you play so well. But I _you played the piano. A. didnt know B. hadnt knownC. dont know D. havent known16. （2009全國卷T 8）Progress _so far very good and we are sure that the work will be finished on time. A. was B. had been C. has been D. will be17.（2009北京 T 23）Scientists have many theories about how the universe _into being. A. came B. was coming C. had come D. would come18.（2009北京 T 27）The way the guests_ in the hotel influenced their evaluation of the service. A. treated B. were treated C. would treat D. would be treated19.（2009北京 T 30）When I talked with my grandma on the phone, she sounded weak, but by the time we _up , her voice had been full of life. A. were hanging B. had hung C. hung D. would hang20.（2009山東T 34）I was out of town at the time, so I dont know exactly how it_ . A. was happening B. happened C. happens D. has happened21.（2009湖南T 23）When he_ the door, he found his keys were nowhere.A. would open B. openedC. had ope