Unit4理解過程及翻譯對(duì)策.pptVIP

Unit 4 理解過程及翻譯對(duì)策,教學(xué)目的要求：通過對(duì)翻譯過程的回顧，了解“理解”在翻譯過程中的重要性以及如何理解英語。 教學(xué)重點(diǎn)：英語理解的重點(diǎn)：語境。 教學(xué)難點(diǎn)：多義詞詞義的確定及習(xí)語的翻譯。,原文,闡釋意義,譯文,理解,譯文表達(dá),翻譯的過程,翻譯過程的重點(diǎn):理解,王宗炎: 辨義為翻譯之本 。 理解原文的過程是一個(gè)十分復(fù)雜的過程，是一個(gè)語義辨認(rèn)、語法分析、邏輯分析三者相互作用的過程，是一個(gè)根據(jù)上下文關(guān)系進(jìn)行推理演繹的過程。（宋天錫，2005：139）,He is employed in watering the garden. 他被雇來澆花。/ 他忙于澆花。 He is not a majestic personal figure like Roosevelt, and he doesnt inspire fear like Jonson. 和羅斯福一樣，他不是一個(gè)代表威嚴(yán)的人物，和約翰遜一樣他也不會(huì)讓人望而生畏。X 他并不像羅斯福是一個(gè)代表威嚴(yán)的人物，也不像約翰遜那樣讓人望而生畏。,2 英語中常用詞、常用短語及習(xí)慣用法的理解 1） He completed translating that novel in such short time, which made me jump out of my skin. 大吃一驚 2） The police searched him to no purpose. 警察對(duì)他仔細(xì)搜身，一無所獲（毫無結(jié)果）。,3） When she and he met again, each had been married to another. 當(dāng)他們重逢時(shí)，各自與另一個(gè)人結(jié)婚了。 改譯：他們重逢時(shí)，一個(gè)已經(jīng)娶妻，一個(gè)已經(jīng)嫁人了。 4) We fanned out across the wood, scanning the ground and branches for anything that might help us find the missing girl. 我們?cè)谡麄€(gè)樹林里散開（分頭尋找），索覓地面和樹枝，尋覓任何可能幫助我們找到失蹤女孩的線索。,3 英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)及詞與詞之間的關(guān)系 1） There were reminiscences, as Jerrys friends reconvened. (meet again) 杰里的朋友重逢時(shí)，便談起許多往事。,2） The approach to the management of foreign exchange reserves by central bankers varies across the globe, ranging from a policy of neglect to detailed and highly mathematical calculations of alternative moves to reduce the risk and increase profitability. 世界各國主要銀行家們對(duì)外匯交換儲(chǔ)備的管理方法不盡相同，有的國家對(duì)外匯管理采取某些寬松的政策，有的國家則采取詳細(xì)計(jì)算各種外匯儲(chǔ)備的方式，以便減少風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，提高收益。,3）Self-service gasoline has yet to make its appearance here (in Japan) in any significant way. At the minimum, the attendants fill the tank and wipe the windshield. They often empty ashtrays and stop traffic to let the motorist back on the road. 原譯： 自助加油站也總要讓人看得見的方式來表現(xiàn)自己。服務(wù)員起碼會(huì)幫你灌滿油箱和揩拭擋風(fēng)玻璃。他們經(jīng)常清除車內(nèi)的煙灰缸和幫助攔阻來往車輛，讓車主把車開回正道。,Self-service gasoline has yet to make its appearance here (in Japan) in any significant way. At the minimum, the attendants fill the tank and wipe the windshield. They often empty ashtrays and stop traffic to let the motorist back on the road. 改譯：在這里，真正意義上的自助加油站還沒有出現(xiàn)。服務(wù)員起碼會(huì)幫你灌滿油箱和揩拭擋風(fēng)玻璃。他們也會(huì)經(jīng)常清除車內(nèi)的煙灰缸和幫助攔阻來往車輛，讓車主把車開回正道。,4根據(jù)語境，正確判斷多義詞的含義： 1） We provide a competitive compensation plan with exceptional benefits. If you are interested in a challenging position that requires travel and flexible hours, please fax your resume with compensation details to Pacific Information Company, 22 Fuxing Avenue, Beijing. 我們提供一項(xiàng)競爭的賠償計(jì)劃，還有特別的利益。如果你對(duì)一個(gè)具有挑戰(zhàn)性的、需要 旅游和靈活機(jī)動(dòng)的小時(shí)數(shù)趕興趣的話，請(qǐng)把建立和賠償計(jì)劃細(xì)節(jié)用傳真一道寄給北京復(fù)興路22號(hào)太平洋信息公司。,1） We provide a competitive compensation plan with exceptional benefits. If you are interested in a challenging position that requires travel and flexible hours, please fax your resume with compensation details to Pacific Information Company, 22 Fuxing Avenue, Beijing. 改譯：本公司現(xiàn)有一個(gè)富有挑戰(zhàn)性的、需要經(jīng)常出差和辦公時(shí)間可以靈活的職位，工資待遇高，另加優(yōu)厚的資金。感興趣者請(qǐng)把簡歷和工資要求用傳真一道寄給：北京復(fù)興路22號(hào)太平洋信息公司。,2） At school the student needs to increase his knowledge in an organized way, to acquire sufficient vocabulary in science for effective communication, and to learn some facts because they are very important in everyday living, such as knowledge that is useful for his health, for his safety and for an understanding of his surroundings. 學(xué)生在上學(xué)期間，需要系統(tǒng)地增長知識(shí)，掌握足夠的科學(xué)詞匯，以便有效地進(jìn)行交際。同時(shí)還要懂得一些諸如對(duì)增進(jìn)健康、保障安全以及了解周圍環(huán)境等有用的常識(shí)，因?yàn)檫@些常識(shí)在日常生活中是十分重要的。,5. 思維方式和邏輯習(xí)慣的差異: 1) Worse were the signs that Morton had enjoyed the cooperation of Dianas friends and relatives, who presumably would not have talked what the princess had told them not to. 更糟糕的是， 有跡象表明，莫頓得到了黛安娜親友的合作，他們本不應(yīng)該說出（他們說了）公主告訴他們不要說出的事。,2） Mother, I told him in no uncertain terms that I wouldnt marry him. 媽媽，我很堅(jiān)決地（肯定）地告訴他了，我不愿意和他結(jié)婚。 3) I dont think we have asked for anything that they havent done. 我認(rèn)為我們要求的事情，他們都一一辦到了。,6習(xí)慣用語的表達(dá) 1）While they were having a long meeting, Mary was cooling her heels waiting for the results. 他們?cè)谡匍_一個(gè)很長的會(huì)議時(shí)，瑪麗無所事事地等待結(jié)果。,2）If the government accepts his new proposal, the nation will be jumping out of the frying pan into the fire. 如果政府接受他的新建議，整個(gè)國家會(huì)陷入更壞的境地。（才出狼窩，有入虎穴） 3) Be careful when you talk to her. Never wear your heart on your sleeve. 跟她說話時(shí)可要當(dāng)心，千萬別向她袒露心扉。,This picture was electronically drawn by Erika Aoyama on March 11, 2003.,This picture was electronically drawn by Erika Aoyama on October 3, 2003.,4) Late last autumn, out of the blue, Sue announced she was getting married and leaving her home country soon. We were all shocked to hear that. 去年晚秋，蘇出人意料地（突然）宣布她要結(jié)婚并且要離開自己的祖國，我們?nèi)f分驚訝。,7 修辭手段的潛在意義： 英語修辭手段：比喻、委婉、借代、雙關(guān)等。 1) The modern farming methods of the “green revolution” will produce enough food to fill those new stomachs. 現(xiàn)代“綠色革命”的種植技術(shù)將生產(chǎn)足夠的糧食來填飽新出生人的肚皮。（滿足新增人口的需要、填飽新增人口的肚皮）,2） He used to be painfully shy; but now hes started to blossom. 他過去一直非常害羞，但是現(xiàn)在他開始活潑起來。 3) He thought he was settled for life, but when he found the firm which employed him was insolvent he saw the red light and resigned. 他本以為可以終生安頓下來，可是當(dāng)他發(fā)現(xiàn)雇傭他的公司即將倒閉時(shí)，他意識(shí)到危險(xiǎn)，就辭職了。,8. 句子結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，意群之間有時(shí)難以分開： 1) News came through on the wireless of a rich oil field near the sea. 從近海某一豐富油田的無線電中傳來了消息。X 無線電傳來了近海發(fā)現(xiàn)豐富油田的消息。 The reactionary strength thus developed, however, carried within it the seeds of its own disintegration. 然而，這樣發(fā)展起來的反動(dòng)力量在其內(nèi)部就帶有四分五裂的因素。,3）Buckingham Palacemeaning the largely blue-blooded coterie of managers who run the affairs of the royal familyhas been stampeded in the TV and tabloid rush to invade every area of formerly forbidden turf. Coterie: small group of people Stampede: sudden rush of frightened animals Turf: territory 白金漢宮里的人，也就是那一小批大都是貴族出身的管理王室事務(wù)的人，在電視和小報(bào)記者沖入原是禁區(qū)的地方時(shí)，嚇得到處亂竄。,請(qǐng)點(diǎn)擊并閱讀： 英語中一詞多義的理解與翻譯,練習(xí)： To a few of us here today, this is a solemn and most momentous occasion. And yet in the history of our nation it is a commonplace occurrence. The orderly transfer of authority as called for in the Constitution routinely takes place as it has for almost two centuries, and few of us stop to think how unique we really are. In the eyes of many in the world, this every-four-year ceremony we accept as normal is nothing less than a miracle.,對(duì)于今天在場的我們幾個(gè)人來說，這是一個(gè)莊嚴(yán)、極其重要的時(shí)刻。然而，在我國歷史上，這又是一個(gè)平常的事。 差不多兩個(gè)世紀(jì)以來，根據(jù)憲法的要求有條不紊地移交權(quán)力，此次照例進(jìn)行。我們當(dāng)中幾乎沒有誰會(huì)停下來想一想，我們確實(shí)是多么獨(dú)特。這四年一次的就職典禮我們習(xí)以為常，可在世界上許多人看來，完全是個(gè)奇跡。,Mr. President, I want our fellow citizens to know how much you did to carry on this tradition. By your gracious cooperation in the transition process, you have shown a watching world that we are a united people pledged to maintaining a political system which guarantees individual liberty to a greater degree than any other. And I thank you and your people for all your help in maintaining the continuity which is the bulwark of our Republic.,總統(tǒng)先生，我希望我的同胞們知道你為保持/延續(xù)這個(gè)傳統(tǒng)作出了多大的努力。在舉世注目之下，你在權(quán)力交接過程中給予的(精誠)合作，向世人表明，我們是一個(gè)團(tuán)結(jié)的民族，堅(jiān)決貫徹我們的政治制度，它保證個(gè)人能夠享受比任何其他政治制度下都要大的自由。我感謝你和你的手下人為保持連續(xù)性而給予的所有幫助，這中連續(xù)性是我們共和國的支柱。,The business of our nation goes forward. These United States are confronted with an economic affection of greater proportions. We suffer from the longest and one of the worst sustained inflations in our national history. It distorts our economic decisions, penalizes thrift and crushes the struggling young and the fixed-income elderly alike. It threatens to shatter the lives of millions of our people.,我國的事業(yè)總是向前發(fā)展的。合眾國面臨著極大的經(jīng)濟(jì)困難。我們現(xiàn)在遭受到我國歷史上歷時(shí)最久的通貨膨脹，這也是最嚴(yán)重的通貨膨脹之一。這種通貨膨脹使我們的經(jīng)濟(jì)決策無法順利施行，使節(jié)儉儲(chǔ)蓄的人反而受到懲罰，不管是奮發(fā)向上的年輕人還是收入固定的老年人都受到了嚴(yán)重打擊。它有可能使我國千百萬人民的生活無法維持。