仁愛版英語八年級第一學(xué)期unit4topic1知識點教案

Unit4 Topic1 語法講解：形容詞比較級精講練一、用法1. 表示兩個人或事物作比較時，形容詞要用比較級形式,形容詞比較級之后常用 than 引出比較的對象。例：This pen is longer than that one.這支鋼筆比那支長。New York is bigger than Cambridge.紐約比劍橋大。2. 表示兩者之間的選擇，意為“哪一個更”。例：Who is taller, Lily or Lucy?莉莉和露西相比,誰更高?二、形容詞比較級的變化1. 規(guī)則變化變化規(guī)則例詞一般在形容詞詞尾加-er。tall-taller以不發(fā)音的字母 e 結(jié)尾的形容詞,只在詞尾加-r。late-later以“輔音字母加 y”結(jié)尾的形容詞,先把 y 變?yōu)?i,再加-er。busy-busier以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,且末尾只有一個輔音字母的形容詞，須先雙寫這個輔音字母再加-er。fat-fatter搖 big-bigger2. 不規(guī)則變化原形比較級原形比較級good, wellbettermany, muchmorebad/ illworseoldolder/ elderlittlelessfarfarther/ further三、形容詞比較級前的修飾詞在英語中常修飾比較級的詞匯有：much, a lot, a little, even, far 等。例：Believe me, you really look much better than before.相信我,你看起來真的比以前好多了。He is a lot taller than me. 他比我高很多。They went there a little later than others.他們比其他人去的稍微晚一點兒。Its even bigger than an island.它甚至比一座島嶼都大。He is far stronger than his brother.他比他哥哥強壯得多。四、比較級的常見句型用法例句(1)雙方比較,表示一方超過另一方時，用“比較級+than”結(jié)構(gòu)。China is larger than Italy.中國比意大利大。(2)倍數(shù) + 比較級 + thanThe box is three times bigger than that one. 這個箱子比那個箱子大三倍。(3)“比較級+and+比較級”表示“越來越”。Our country is becoming stronger and stronger.我們的國家正變得越來越強大。(4)“the+比較級，the+比較級”表示“越，就越”。The more, the better.多多益善。(5)the+比較級+of the two+名詞復(fù)數(shù)The taller of the two boys is my brother. 兩個男孩中較高的那一個是我的哥哥。比較級的使用原則：(1)自身不進行比較，排除自己的方法是使用 any other。例：He is taller than any other boy in his class. (不能去掉other)他比他班里的其他任何男孩都高。(2)比較的對象必須是同類的人或事物。例：My name is longer than yours. (不能將 yours 寫成 you)我的名字比你的名字長。【即學(xué)即練】I用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空(1). Tom is (tall) than Jim.(2). Li Lei is (young) than others in his class.(3). I think English is (easy) than any other subject.(4). David has (many) story books than Lucy.(5). China is (big) than India.(6). It takes (much) time to study maths than English.II單項選擇(1). Do you know sound travels very fast?Yes. But light travels sound.A. as fast as B. a little faster thanC. much faster than D. slower than(2). My brother is than me.A. heavier B. heavyer C. heavy D. heavyier(3).Ann, I am worried Im getting fatter. What shall I do?I think you should eat food and do more exercise.A. more B. less C. much D. little三.易混淆單詞和短語辨析1. 辨析：on earth, on the earthon earth意為“究竟，到底”。on the earth在地球上。如：Why on earth didnt you tell me the truth? 你到底為什么不跟我說實話？Long ago enormous animals lived on the earth. 很久以前，地球上生活著巨大的動物。2. 辨析: think about, think of, think overthink aboutthink about意為“想，考慮”，指考慮解決某一問題，“考慮”的賓語可由名詞、代詞、動名詞、疑問詞引導(dǎo)的不定式或賓語從句充當(dāng)。think ofthink of 意為“思考，想起，考慮”。表示“考慮”的含義時，可與think about互換，后接名詞、代詞、v.-ing形式或疑問詞引導(dǎo)的從句。think overthink over意為“仔細考慮”，其中over為副詞，如賓語為名詞，位于over前后均可，如果是代詞，必須置于think與over之間。例：Im thinking about a problem. 我正在考慮一個問題。He always thinks of others more than himself.他總是為別人考慮得多，為自己考慮得少。Youd better think it over before you do it.在你做這件事之前，你最好先好好考慮一下。3. 辨析：on, over, aboveon“在上面”，與物體表面有接觸，反義詞是beneath。over“在正上方”，物體之間垂直且表面無接觸，反義詞是under。above“在斜上方”，與物體表面無接觸，反義詞是below。如：She put her coat on the bed.她把大衣放在床上。There is a new bridge over the river.河上有一座新橋。The moon is now above the trees in the east.月亮這時已升起在東邊樹林的上空。4. 辨析：need to do, need doingneed to doneed to do的主語是后面動作的執(zhí)行者，need to do的主語是指人的名詞或代詞。need doingneed doing的主語是后面動作的承受者，need doing的主語常為物。如：I need to know what time it is now.我需要知道現(xiàn)在幾點。My hair needs cutting.我該剪頭發(fā)了。5. 辨析：somewhere, anywhere, nowheresomewhere意為“一些地方”，常用于肯定句中。anywhere意為“任何地方”，可用于肯定句、否定句或一般疑問句中。nowhere意為“沒有地方”，本身具有否定含義。例：I want to go somewhere warm.我想去一個溫暖的地方。Did you find anywhere relaxing? 你找到令人放松的地方了嗎？During the winter holiday I went nowhere, just stayed at home.整個寒假，我哪兒都沒有去，就待在家里。課文重難點講解【l】Hey，Wang Wei, what are you thinking about?喂，王維，你在思考什么呢？think about意為思考，考慮，后接名詞、代詞 或動名詞。如：Im thinking about going there some day. 我在考慮有一天去那兒?！炬溄印?1) think over仔細考慮。如：Think it over, then you will have a good idea. 好好想想，你就會有一個好主意。(2)think of .認為，想起。有時可以與think about互換。如：What do you think of the film? 你認為這部電影怎么樣？Wonderful!好極了！I tried not to think of/about Richard. 我盡量不去想理查德?！?】That must be fun! 那一定很有趣！must在這里表肯定推測，有“準是，一定”的意思。如：The woman in black must be your mother. You look the same.那個穿黑衣服的婦女一定是你媽媽，你們看起來很像?！炬溄印縨ust not禁止，不允許，表否定，主觀語氣強。在表否定推斷時，不能用mustnt,而要用,cant 意為“不可能”。如：You mustnt play on the ice. Its too dangerous. 你們不許在冰上玩耍，太危險了。It cant be Li Ping. 那不可能是李平?！?】Thousands and thousands of animals live in rainforests.成百萬上千萬的動物棲息在雨林中。thousands and thousands of 成百萬上千萬的類似的表達方式有：hundreds of成百上千的；thousands of成千上萬的；millions of數(shù)百萬的。用復(fù)數(shù)形式時后常跟of。如：hundreds of teachers 數(shù)百名教師注意:(1)與具體數(shù)字相連不加S。如：two thousand books 兩千本書(2)a few，several等詞修飾時也不加s。如：several thousand people 幾千人【4】Many of them live in the trees over 30 meters from the ground.它們中有許多都居住在離地面三十多米高的樹上。 over在這里相當(dāng)于more than,意為“多于，超過”?！炬溄印縪ver(反義詞under)還表示“在上方”，表示某一物體高出另一物體（兩者之間不接觸）。如:There is a bridge over the river. 小河的上方有座橋。(1)above和over都有“ 在上”之意。above(反義詞below)表示“在正上方”，兩者之間垂直且不接觸。如：Our classroom is above yours. 我們教室在你們教室的正上方。(2)在表示“高于”某物而又不接觸該物體時，有時above和over可以通用。如：There is a lamp above/over the bed. 床上方有盞燈。(3)若表示“在之上”（表面接觸)則用如。如：The book is on the desk. 書在桌子上。【5】Rainforests are very important to us.熱帶雨林對我們很重要。be important to sb. /sth.表示 “對某人或某物是重要的”?！就卣埂縄ts + adj. + (for sb. ) + to do sth.。 表示“（對某人來說)做某事是怎樣的”。It是形式主語，真正的主語是to do sth.。如：Its easy for us to answer the questions.回答這些問題對我們來說很容易?！?】The plants in the forests help to make the air fresher and cleaner.森林里的植物有助于空氣更清新干凈。(1)help(sb.) (to) do sth.表示“幫助（某人) 做”，在動詞help后的不定式，帶to或不帶to均可。如：Im going to help my mother (to) clean the house. 我準備幫助媽媽打掃房間。(2)make the air fresher 使空氣更清新，make 是使役動詞，表示“使成為，使作為”，make + sb./sth. +adj.或make后接不帶to的不定式表示“使怎么樣”。如：The bad news made me sad.這條壞消息使我很難過。His mother made him stand behind the door. 他媽媽讓他站在門后?！?】They play an important part in controlling the climate.它們對調(diào)節(jié)氣候起到了重要作用。play a part (in sth.)(在某事中)起作用；參與(某事)。如：China plays an active part in the world affairs. 中國積極參與國際事務(wù)?！?】Without rainforests, many beautiful plants and animals would die out.沒有熱帶雨林，許多美麗的植物和動物就會滅絕。without prep.(1) 沒有；沒帶，缺少。后接名詞、代詞或動名詞。如：Jack went to school without breakfast.杰克沒吃早飯就去上學(xué)了。They left for America without saying good-bye to us. 他們沒跟我們道別就去了美國。(2) (表示條件）如果沒有。如：We cant do it without your help.沒有你的幫助我們是做不成的?！?】We need rainforests for many reasons.我們有許多原因需要熱帶雨林。need在本句中作實義動詞，意為“需要”，有人稱和數(shù)的變化，其后可直接跟名詞、代詞作賓語，也可以跟帶to的動詞不定式。如：I need to go now. If I dont，Ill miss my train. 我現(xiàn)在必須走了。要不然，我會趕不上火車的?！就卣埂縩eed可用作情態(tài)動詞，其后直接加動 詞原形，意為“需要”，僅用于否定句或疑問句中