同位語從句用此.ppt

Grammar,語法精解(一),1. 同位語the Appositive 同位語是句子成分的一種, 它位于名詞、代詞后面, 說明它們的性質(zhì)和情況, 它可以由名詞、代詞、名詞性短語或從句充當。,同位語的表現(xiàn)形式有以下幾種： (1) 名詞 Tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy. (2) 代詞 I myself will do the experiment. (3) 數(shù)詞 She is the oldest among them six.,(4) 從句 He told me the news that the plane had exploded. 他告訴我飛機爆炸的消息。 (5) 由such as, that is引導(dǎo) Some subjects, such as maths and physics, are very difficult to learn. 某些學(xué)科,例如數(shù)學(xué)和物理,是很難學(xué)的。,(6) 由of引導(dǎo) The city of Beijing has been greatly changed since 2000. 自從2000年以來, 北京市發(fā)生了很大的變化。,(7) 由or引導(dǎo) The freezing temperature, or freezing point, is the temperature at which water freezes under ordinary pressure. 結(jié)冰溫度即冰點,是水在常壓下結(jié)冰時的溫度。,2. 同位語從句the Appositive clause (1) 同位語從句的定義 在復(fù)合句中用作同位語的從句稱為同位語從句。同位語從句是名詞性從句的一種。它在句中起同位語的作用。,語法精解(二),它一般放在fact, news, idea, truth , hope , problem, information, belief, thought, doubt, promise, question 等名詞的后面, 對前面的名詞作進一步的解釋, 說明前面名詞的具體含義。引導(dǎo)同位語從句的詞有連詞that, 連接副詞how, when, where, whether, what等。,e.g. The hope that he may recover is not gone yet. The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has been solved. I have no idea when he will come back.,同位語從句有時被別的詞把它和名詞隔開：,注意:,The story goes that William Tell killed the king with an arrow. Word came that their team had won., 同位語從句的表現(xiàn)形式: 由that引導(dǎo) The fact that you havent enough time to do the work is simply unbelievable. The hope that he may come here is not gone yet.,The news that he has been elected president of the United States is true. The truth that heavy objects and light objects fall at the same speed is known to all. The problem that she later developed a serious lung disease bothered scientists., 由whether引導(dǎo) The question whether we need more time to do the work has not been discussed. 由when引導(dǎo) I have no idea when they will go., 有時可用 namely (即), that is to say (也就是說), in other words (換句話說), that is (那就是), for example 等引出同位語, 說明其前面的名詞或代詞。有時同位語直接跟在名詞或代詞的后面。,He told us the good news, namely, the museum is open to all. There is only one way of improving your English , that is , to practice more. Altogether Dolly had lived for six years, half the length of the life of the original sheep., 同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別: 同位語從句與定語從句在使用中常?；煜?我們可以從以下幾個方面區(qū)別它們: 同位語從句說明的名詞大都是抽象名詞; 定語從句所修飾、限定的名詞或代詞有抽象的也有不抽象的。,We express the hope that they will come to visit China again. (同位語從句) Those who want to go please sign their names here. (定語從句), 同位語從句所說明的名詞與從句沒有邏輯關(guān)系； 定語從句所限定的名詞是從句邏輯上的主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語等。,The news that they won the match is true. (同位語從句, news和從句沒有邏輯關(guān)系) The news that you told us yesterday is true. (定語從句, news是told的邏輯賓語),The order when we should go back hasnt reached us. (同位語從句, order和從句沒有邏輯關(guān)系) The day when New China was founded will never be forgotten. (定語從句, day是founded 的邏輯狀語), 同位語從句主要由連接詞that引導(dǎo),有時也可用when, where, who, whether等引導(dǎo); 定語從句由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)。 Then he raised the question where they were to get the machine needed. Do you know the place where he was born?, 引導(dǎo)同位語從句的連詞不可省略; 引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞作賓語時常可省略。 The news that he has been elected monitor of our class is true. The news (that) he told me is exciting., 同位語從句與先行詞一般可變成一個完整句子, 謂語動詞用be的不同形式。 He heard the news that their team had won. 此句可以變?yōu)橐粋€表語從句: The news was that their team had won.,練習,1. Two fifths of all girls in America are on a diet./The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot.,The fact that two fifths of all girls in America are on a diet worries their parents and teachers a lot.,把下面兩個句子連成一個含同位語從句的復(fù)合句。,2. The Queen of England was on a four-day visit in China./We heard the news last night.,We heard the news last night that the Queen of England was on a four-day visit in china.,3. Teenagers shouldnt spend too much time online. /Many Chinese parents hold the view.,Many Chinese parents hold the view that teenagers shouldnt spend too much time online.,4. Time travel is possible./We have no scientific proof for the idea.,We have no scientific proof for the idea that time travel is possible.,5. Students should be given more free time./The suggestion is welcomed by many people.,The suggestion that students should be given more free time is welcomed by many people.,6. We dont think you two have met before. 我們想你們兩位以前沒有見過面。 (賓語從句),翻譯句子,并說明這個名詞性從句的作用。,7. It is certain that John will do well in his exam. 約翰肯定會考好。 (主語從句) 8. Whether they are coming or not dont matter too much. 他們來不來無關(guān)緊要。 (主語從句),9. Now is when we need him most. 現(xiàn)在是我們最需要他的時候。 (表語從句) 10. I have no idea how she got through the forest. 我不知道她是如何穿過那個森林的。 (同位語從句),11. The fact that they won the prize made us happy. 他們獲獎的事實令我們高興。 (同位語從句),用適當?shù)倪B接代詞或連接副詞填空。 12. I cant decide _ book I should buy. 13. China is no longer _ it used to be. 14. I am very interested in _ he improved his English in such a short time. 15. _ we need is more money.,which,what,how,What,16. The truth _ the earth turns around the sun is known to us. 17. _ and _ we will meet has not been decided yet.,that,When,where,用名詞性從句完成下列句子。 18. The news _ _ (她通過了高考) is exciting. 19. Mike made a promise _ _ (他將幫助我學(xué)習英語),that she has passed the national college entrance examination,that he would help me with my English.,25. One of them held the view _ the book said was right. A. what that B. that what C. that D. whether,單項選擇,26. The reason _ he has to go is _ his mother is ill in bed. A, why ; why B. why; because C. why ; that D. that ; because 27. They received orders _ the work be done right away. A. which B. that C. / D. when,28. I have no idea _. A. how to do B. when shall we start out for the trip C. what has happened to my wife D. how much have they earned,29. I think _ certain that she will do well in her exam. A. that B. this is C. it D. whats 30. The film brought the hours back to me _ I was taken good care of in that far-away village. A. until B. that C. when D .where,31. Hes got himself into a dangerous situation _ he was likely to lose control over the plane. A. where B. which C. what D. why 32. Thats the only thing _ he can do now A. which B. all C. that D. what,33. Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A. while B. that C. when D. as 34. Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas. A. which B. that C. what D. whether,35. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _ road conditions need _. A. that; to be improved B. which; to be improved C. where; improving D. when; improving,36. Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas. ( 2004春季上海 ) A. which B. that C. what D. whether,答案B。這是一個同位語從句, 解釋promise的具體內(nèi)容, 要用that引導(dǎo)。,高考題,37. Some researchers believe that there is no doubt _ a cure for AIDS will be found. (05廣東卷) A. which B. that C. what D. whether,38. Danby left word with my secretary _ he would call again in the afternoon. （05浙江卷） Awho Bthat Cas Dwhich,39. Doris success lies in the fact _ she is co-operative and eager to learn from others. (06年上海 春招） A. which B. that C. when D. why,40. Do you have any idea _ is actually going on in the classroom? （05遼寧卷） Athat Bwhat Cas Dwhich,41. Theres a feeling in me _ well never know what a UFO is not ever. ( 2002年上海) A. that B. which C. of which D. what,解析: 答案A。同位語從句that well never know what a UFO is not ever作a feeling的同位語，解釋a feeling 的具體內(nèi)容。that連接同位語從句時，只起連接作用，不作從句的任何成分。,42. Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.( 2001年上海) A. while B. that C. when D. as,解析：答案B。That引導(dǎo)從句作information的同位語，解釋information的具體內(nèi)容。,43. A story goes _ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court. A. wh