學(xué)術(shù)英語(yǔ)(理工)Unit.ppt

,學(xué)術(shù)英語(yǔ)理工,AcademicEnglishforScienceandEngineering,UnitContents,1Definition2Twotypesofresearchpaper3Writinganintroduction4Writingthebodyofasecondaryresearchessay5Writingthebodyofaprimaryresearchessay6Writingadiscussionor/andconclusion7Writinganabstract8Writingareferencelist9Academicwritingstyle10Proofreading11Listening,Unit5WritinganAcademicEssay,1Definition,Task1Text15GeneticallyModifiedFoodsFeedtheWorld?Text16InfluenceofGeneticallyModifiedSoyaontheBirthWeightandSurvivalofRatPupsText17ClinicalRiskAssessmentofGMFoodsTask2,Unit5WritinganAcademicEssay,1Text15isanordinaryessaywhiletext16and17areresearcharticles.,2Forexample,Text16and17usemanypreviousfindingsandhavetheirabstractsandreferencelists,allofwhichText15lacks.,Unit5WritinganAcademicEssay,1Definition,Unit5WritinganAcademicEssay,AdditionalquestionsforyourunderstandingofText15,1Definition,1Whatdoes“thegeneticisoutofthebottle”meanaccordingtotheauthor?,Theauthormeansthatinfact,geneticallymodifiedfoodsarealreadyverymuchapartofourlives.,AdditionalquestionsforyourunderstandingofText15,2Howcanbiotechhelp?,BiotechnologistshavedevelopedgeneticallymodifiedricethatisfortifiedwithbetacarotenewhichthebodyconvertsintovitaminAandadditionaliron,andtheyareworkingonotherkindsofnutritionallyimprovedcrops.Biotechcanalsoimprovefarmingproductivityinplaceswherefoodshortagesarecausedbycropdamageattributiontopests,drought,poorsoil,andcropviruses,bacteriaorfungi.,Unit5WritinganAcademicEssay,1Definition,AdditionalquestionsforyourunderstandingofText15,3Whydoestheauthorthinkthatbiotechisfarfromthewholeanswer?,Indevelopingcountries,lostcropsareonlyonecauseofhunger.Povertyplaysthelargestrole.,Unit5WritinganAcademicEssay,1Definition,Enhancingyouracademiclanguage,Matchthewordswiththeirdefinitions.,5c,10d,1b,2i,3e,4f,6h,7g,8a,9j,Unit5WritinganAcademicEssay,1Definition,Enhancingyouracademiclanguage,Completethefollowingexpressionsorsentences.,1(基因上地)engineering2advantages(比重要)disadvantagesgreatly3(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)construction4(統(tǒng)計(jì))analysis5willsoon(解決)allthedifficulties6(金融的)institution7(嚴(yán)格的)discipline8(點(diǎn)燃)theflamesofrevolution9bein(合作)withyourpartner10a(n)(絕望的)cryforhelp11(改變)thebadhabit,genetically,outweigh,infrastructure,statistics,resolve,financial,rigorous,spark,collaboration,desperate,alter,Unit5WritinganAcademicEssay,1Definition,Enhancingyouracademiclanguage,Completethefollowingexpressionsorsentences.,12resourcesof(可耕種的)land13(緩和)criticismwithreason14(游說以爭(zhēng)取)forthefunds15Heisatthe(領(lǐng)先地位).16a(n)(一系列)ofinformation17be(缺乏的)innutrition18be(限制)toadults19(沒有根據(jù)的)suspicions20Coalcanbe(使轉(zhuǎn)變)togas.21a(n)(毀滅性的)hurricane22(主要的)exportsofthiscountry23(轉(zhuǎn)變)dreamintoreality,cultivable,temper,lobby,leading-edge,array,deficient,restricted,unfounded,converted,devastating,staple,transform,Unit5WritinganAcademicEssay,1Definition,Enhancingyouracademiclanguage,Completetheparagraph.,True,GMfoodsare(已成為我們生活的一部分),andfarmers(迫切地想要)usethebiotechnologyas(能提高稻谷產(chǎn)量),yetweneedadeepphilosophicaldiscussionofitsimplication.Westillrememberthatwhenpesticideswerefirstintroduced,theyalsowerepraisedasabsolutelysafeandasamiraclecureforfarmers.(盡管這么多保證),decadeslaterthetechnologyrevealeditstruerlethalimplications.Hence,anytechnology(應(yīng)該進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格的測(cè)試)beforeitswideapplication.,alreadyverymuchapartofourlives,haveastrongincentiveto,itcanraiseoverallcropproductivity,Butforallthatpromise,subjectedtorigoroustesting,shouldbe,Unit5WritinganAcademicEssay,1Definition,Enhancingyouracademiclanguage,1特別是在有悠久的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)傳統(tǒng)和主張環(huán)保的游說集團(tuán)的國(guó)家里，轉(zhuǎn)基因食品的主意似乎有悖自然。,2在富裕的國(guó)家里，由于有大量豐富的食品可供選擇，而且供應(yīng)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過需求，所以關(guān)于生物技術(shù)的爭(zhēng)論相對(duì)緩和一些。,3生物技術(shù)專家已經(jīng)培育出了含有-胡蘿卜素身體可將之轉(zhuǎn)化為維生素A和更多鐵元素的轉(zhuǎn)基因水稻，目前正在研究培育其他一些增進(jìn)營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分的農(nóng)作物。,TranslatethefollowingsentencesfromText15intoChinese.,Unit5WritinganAcademicEssay,1Definition,Enhancingyouracademiclanguage,TranslatethefollowingsentencesfromText15intoChinese.,4轉(zhuǎn)基因的抗病毒作物可以減少這種損失，就像抗干旱種子在耕地面積因缺水而受到限制的地區(qū)起到的作用一樣。,5尤其在運(yùn)輸基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施落后的國(guó)家，地理?xiàng)l件對(duì)食物供給的限制正如遺傳學(xué)為食物供給帶來的希望一樣大。,Unit5WritinganAcademicEssay,1Definition,AdditionalquestionsforyourunderstandingofText16,WhatarethethreestudygroupsintheinvestigationoftheinfluenceofGMsoyaonthebirthrateandsurvivaloftheoffspringofWistarrats?,AgroupoffemaleratsfedbyGMsoyaflourbeforematingandpregnancy;Acontrolgroupoffemalesfedbytraditionalsoya;Apositivecontrolgroupreceivedfeedwithoutanysoya.,Unit5WritinganAcademicEssay,1Definition,AdditionalquestionsforyourunderstandingofText16,2WhatarethefourmainsourcesofhazardsofGMOthatarediscussedbyscientistsworldwide?,1)thoseduetothenewgenes,andgeneproductsintroduced;2)unintendedeffectsinherenttothetechnology;3)interactionsbetweenforeigngenesandhostgenes;4)thosearisingfromthespreadoftheintroducedgenesbyordinarycross-pollinationaswellasbyhorizontalgenetransfer.,Unit5WritinganAcademicEssay,1Definition,AdditionalquestionsforyourunderstandingofText16,3WhatarethetwopossiblefactorsthatthenegativeeffectofGMsoyaonthenewbornpupscouldbemediated?,Firstly,itcanbetheresultoftransformation,andinsertionoftheforeigngenes,whichcouldenterintothesexual/stemcells,or/andintocellsofthefetus,asitwasobservedbySchubbertetal.(1998).Secondly,negativeeffectofGMsoyacouldbemediatedbytheaccumulationofRoundupresiduesinGMsoyaresidues.,Unit5WritinganAcademicEssay,1Definition,Enhancingyouracademiclanguage,Matchthewordswiththeirdefinitions.,5i,10d,1f,2c,3e,4a,6h,7g,8j,9b,Unit5WritinganAcademicEssay,1Definition,Enhancingyouracademiclanguage,Completethefollowingexpressionsorsentences.,1Fog(限制)visibility.2Thesunrisesfromthe(水平的)line.3Earlydetectionofcancersis(重要地)important.4putacoinintothe(插入)slot5failedto(獲得)ascholarship6the(功能)ofanadjective7Themagician(改變)thefrogintoaprincess.8theofficial(文件)concerningthesaleofthisland9thedeterminate(因素)ofoureconomy10makeathorough(調(diào)查)intotheaffair,restricts,horizontal,vitally,insertion,obtain,function,transformed,documents,factor,investigation,Unit5WritinganAcademicEssay,1Definition,Enhancingyouracademiclanguage,Completethefollowingexpressionsorsentences.,11(堅(jiān)持)inonesefforts12Theartworkwasa(構(gòu)成物)ofwireandtubes.13workingoutapayment(方案)14Fallingratesofchild(死亡率)arealsosignificant.15eatasmall(部分)offood16A(殘留物)oftheshampoocanbuilduponthehair.17(承擔(dān))aprojectwithsignificance18becomplainedof(性別的)harassment19havedifficultyinbecoming(懷孕的),persist,construct,scheme,mortality,portion,residue,undertake,sexual,pregnant,Unit5WritinganAcademicEssay,1Definition,20Thedemonstrators(分配)leafletstopassers-by.21theoldsalarypaledin(相比)withtheoffer22(組織學(xué))involveslookingatcellsunderamicroscope.23I(假定)thatanagreementwilleventuallybereached.24A(n)(積累)ofdatawillbeprocessed.25Smokingis(有害的)tohealth.26All(途徑)tothecitywereblocked.27losethe(最佳的)timetodefeattheenemy28asystemusedto(分配)ascarcecommodity,Enhancingyouracademiclanguage,Completethefollowingexpressionsorsentences.,distributed,comparison,Histology,presume,accumulation,detrimental,approaches,optimal,allocate,Unit5WritinganAcademicEssay,1Definition,Accordingtoourliteraturereview,(早已得到證實(shí))thattherearediverserelationshipsbetweenearlylifefactorsandadulthealth.(以前一些論文認(rèn)為)thattheserelationshipsspanarangeofhealthoutcomeswhich,insomeinstances,manifestseveraldecadeslater.(論文假定)healthoutcomesofearlybiologicalinsultscoulddependonthesubsequentsocialandbiologicalenvironment.Ourstudiesprovethatadultdiseasewillbemorefullyunderstoodwhenaccountistakenofthecombinedeffectsofsocialandbiologicalriskoccurringatdifferentlifestages,(正如圖表五所顯示的).,Enhancingyouracademiclanguage,Completetheparagraph.,ithasbeenwellestablished,Itwasthoughtinseveralpreviouspapers,Itwassupposedthat,asisevidentfromTable5,Unit5WritinganAcademicEssay,1Definition,Enhancingyouracademiclanguage,1風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估文件中提到，被轉(zhuǎn)變植物中的轉(zhuǎn)基因成分與植物中所含的其它基因材料都在人和動(dòng)物的消化道中一并被摧毀。,2因此，我們決定進(jìn)行一項(xiàng)研究來探尋雌性鼠的主要飲食為美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)大豆（一種轉(zhuǎn)基因食品）的情況下，最常見的轉(zhuǎn)基因作物對(duì)大鼠幼崽生育率、死亡率和體重增加的影響。,3眾所周知，生大豆含有大量的抗?fàn)I養(yǎng)素如凝集素，胰蛋白酶抑制劑（普茲泰等人,1998），以及女性激素類物質(zhì)，因此，有必要將沒有補(bǔ)充大豆粉控制對(duì)照組的動(dòng)物與這些數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行對(duì)照研究。,TranslatethefollowingsentencesfromText16intoChinese.,Unit5WritinganAcademicEssay,1Definition,Enhancingyouracademiclanguage,TranslatethefollowingsentencesfromText16intoChinese.,4更令人吃驚的是，由于幼崽更小，約一半大小，因此會(huì)有更多奶提供給單個(gè)的幼崽。,5然而，沒有觀測(cè)到雌性大鼠的死亡率，也沒有觀察到存活的幼崽的死亡率，盡管它們也開始吃轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆，可以推測(cè)，（轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆的）負(fù)面影響可能被前面的兩個(gè)因素中和了。,Unit5WritinganAcademicEssay,1Definition,AdditionalquestionsforyourunderstandingofText17,1Whatarethemainconcernsaboutadverseeffectsofgeneticallymodifiedfoodsonhealth?,Themainconcernsaboutadverseeffectsofgeneticallymodified(GM)foodsonhealtharethetransferofantibioticresistance,toxicityandallergenicity.,Unit5WritinganAcademicEssay,1Definition,AdditionalquestionsforyourunderstandingofText17,2Whatarethefourmainapproachesbywhichplantsaremanipulatedbygenetic“engineering”?,geneinsertionusingabacterialvector;(ii)microballisticimpregnation;(iii)poration(iv)geneneutralisationbymeansofantisensetechnology,homologousrecombination(geneknockout)andgenereplacement.,Unit5WritinganAcademicEssay,1Definition,AdditionalquestionsforyourunderstandingofText17,3ComparedtowhichareGMfoodsapreciseandsafemannerofgeneticalterationinplants?,Traditionalplantbreedingmethods.,Unit5WritinganAcademicEssay,1Definition,Enhancingyouracademiclanguage,Matchthewordswiththeirdefinitions.,5a,10h,1c,2f,3i,4g,6b,7d,8j,9e,Unit5WritinganAcademicEssay,1Definition,1(嚴(yán)厲的)safetymeasures2(操作)thelightstogetthedesirableeffect3(辨別)betweenrightandwrong4(促使)hertorenewherinsurance5(進(jìn)步)inonescareer6The(方案)nolongerseemsunrealistic.7(推論)aconclusionfromfacts8close(繁殖)9a(n)(相反的)decision,Enhancingyouracademiclanguage,Completethefollowingexpressionsorsentences.,stringent,manipulate,distinguish,prompt,advance,scenario,derive,breeding,adverse,Unit5WritinganAcademicEssay,1Definition,Enhancingyouracademiclanguage,Completethefollowingexpressionsorsentences.,10illness(導(dǎo)致)byoverwork11(引起)onesinterest12agreat(多樣的)ofmethods13(保持)appearanceofyouth14(共識(shí))politics15(轉(zhuǎn)移)ofwealthfromtaxpayerstosavers16social(穩(wěn)定)17makeafew(改變)tothehouse18(合并)oftheorganization,induced,provoke,diversity,retain,consensus,transfer,stability,alterations,incorporation,Unit5WritinganAcademicEssay,1Definition,19a(n)(關(guān)鍵的)pointinthecampaign20asomewhathaphazardand(斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的)schooling21the(取代)ofconventionalweaponsbynuclearweapons22(修改)athesis23loss(估計(jì))24aTVprogram(著重反映)theunemploymentproblem,Enhancingyouracademiclanguage,Completethefollowingexpressionsorsentences.,critical,discontinuous,replacement,revise,assessment,highlighting,Unit5WritinganAcademicEssay,1Definition,(有證據(jù)表明)thebenefitsofcloningarelimitless.(提供了一種可能)abletocreatehumanorgansinordertoreplacefaultyones.(還確保這樣一種可能)stemcellsthatcouldbeusedtocureterminalillnesses,cancer,andseveralotherphysicalanomalies.(盡管這個(gè)技術(shù)有很多潛在優(yōu)點(diǎn)),(但出現(xiàn)一些深深的擔(dān)憂，涉及到)medicalandethicalproblems.,Enhancingyouracademiclanguage,Completetheparagraph.,Thereisevidencethat,Itoffersapossibilityofbeing,creating,potentialbenefitsofthistechnology,seriousconcernshavebeenraisedconcerningboth,Italsoensureaprobabilityof,Despite,Unit5WritinganAcademicEssay,1Definition,(Tobecontinued),Enhancingyouracademiclanguage,Completetheparagraph.,(主要的擔(dān)憂是)thefrighteningpossibilitiesofthecreationof“super-humans”withunnaturalphysicalandmentalcapabilitiesandidealized“perfectchildren”forprospectiveparents.Hence,(我們要謹(jǐn)慎發(fā)展)inthefuture,assessingcloning(在把其運(yùn)用到實(shí)踐中之前，考慮其優(yōu)點(diǎn)和危險(xiǎn)性).,Themainconcernsare,onthebasisofitsmeritsandriskspriortoapplyingitintopracticaluse,proceedcautiously,Unit5WritinganAcademicEssay,1Definition,weneedto,Enhancingyouracademiclanguage,1詳細(xì)的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明：巴西堅(jiān)果中2S蛋白是巴西堅(jiān)果的主要過敏原；轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆中的最新顯露的蛋白保持了其過敏性，因此，可能促使對(duì)巴西堅(jiān)果過敏的病人發(fā)生臨床反應(yīng)。,2第二個(gè)問題是：由于不清楚為什么有的蛋白過敏，而有的不會(huì)，因此更難預(yù)測(cè)新的轉(zhuǎn)基因是否表達(dá)新的過敏原、是否導(dǎo)致再次過敏。,3但是也存在明顯的例外，特別是關(guān)于水果過敏原，缺乏這些特征就不能大膽地預(yù)測(cè)蛋白不引發(fā)過敏。,TranslatethefollowingsentencesfromText17intoChinese.,Unit5WritinganAcademicEssay,1Definition,Enhancingyouracademiclanguage,TranslatethefollowingsentencesfromText17intoChinese.,4不能根據(jù)氨基酸序列同源性來預(yù)測(cè)交叉反應(yīng)性通常是因?yàn)檎郫B蛋白中出現(xiàn)了不連續(xù)（非線性）氨基酸序列組成的構(gòu)象型抗原。,5有一致的報(bào)道建議：對(duì)食物的逐級(jí)評(píng)價(jià)應(yīng)考慮基因的來源、與已知過敏原進(jìn)行的氨基酸序列對(duì)比、免疫學(xué)分析（體外和體內(nèi)的）以及基因產(chǎn)物的物理化學(xué)性質(zhì)。,Unit5WritinganAcademicEssay,1Definition,1Geneticallymodifiedcropsarethemostsuccessfulagriculturalinnovationinhistory.Theyregoodfortheenvironmentbecausetheykeeplesscarbondioxidegoingfromthesoilintotheatmosphereandtheyreducepesticideuse.Whatsmore,theyincreasecropyield,thusreducingtheuseofmoreagriculturalareasandimprovingsoilquality.,Unit5WritinganAcademicEssay,1Definition,2ThespeakerhassimilaropinionasthewriterofText15.TheyhavepositiveattitudetowardsGMfoodasitcanincreasecropyieldandsolvetheproblemsofstarvationandsoil.ButthewriterofText16isverycautiousaboutGMfood,whoseexperimentprovesthattherearesomeharmfulinfluenceofGMfoodonthebirth-weightandsurvivalofratpups.ThewriterofText17isalittlemoreoptimisticthoughtherearesomeadverseeffectsofGMfoods.,Unit5WritinganAcademicEssay,1Definition,2Twotypesofresearchpaper,TwotypesofresearchpaperTask1Task2Task3Task4,Unit5WritinganAcademicEssay,Therearetwomajorkindsofacademicpaper:,primaryresearchpaper:thestudyofasubjectthroughfirsthandinvestigation,involvingpresentingoriginalideasandinformationonyourown-survey-or-experiment-basedresearchsecondaryresearchpaper:involvinggatheringandanalyzingtheresearchfindingsfromotherpeoplesresearch-library-or-Internet-basedresearch,Unit5WritinganAcademicEssay,2Twotypesofresearchpaper,1Text16isaprimaryresearchessaywhileText17asecondaryresearchone.,2Text16containsamethodssectionasitconductsanempiricalstudy.Text17,however,isanpersuasivearticlebasedontheanalysisofpreviousandcurrentresearchfindings.,Unit5WritinganAcademicEssay,2Twotypesofresearchpaper,1Thefirstabstractisfromthearticleofprimaryresearch,andthesecondoneisformsecondaryresearch.Accordingtotheabstract,thearticlecarriesoutasmallscalesurveydesignedtoascertaindetailsofstudentknowledgeandmisconceptionsabouttheseenvironmentalissues.,Unit5WritinganAcademicEssay,2Twotypesofresearchpaper,Intheintroductionpartofhispaperhedevisessuchresearchquestionsas“”willtheconsumersacceptanceofGMfoldsvaryfromfoodtofood?”,“IsthereanydifferentchangeinthecollegestudentsattitudetowarddifferentGMfoodproducts?”andsoon.Themethodheusesisthequestionnaireswhichareadministeredtostudentsofdifferentmajors.Themethodisappropriateforitcanelicittheanswers.,Unit5WritinganAcademicEssay,2Twotypesofresearchpaper,Topic1.Yes.Interviewswithsomeofthestudentswillbemuchbetter.,Topic2.Yes.,Topic3.Yes.Interviewswithsomeexpertsinthisfieldwillbemuchbetter.,Topic4.Yes.Interviewswithsomeofthechildrenwillbemuchbetter.,Topic5.Yes,Topic6.Yes,Topic7.Yes,Unit5WritinganAcademicEssay,2Twotypesofresearchpaper,Topic8.Yes.Interviewswithsomeofthestudentswillbemuchbetter.,Topic9.Yes.,Topic10.Yes.,Topic11.Someexperimentswillbemuchbetter.,Topic12.Yes.,Topic13.Yes.Interviewswithsomeofthesubjectswillbemuchbetter.,Unit5WritinganAcademicEssay,2Twotypesofresearchpaper,ElementsofanintroductionHowtomakethestatementofpurposeTask1Task2Task3Task4,3Writinganintroduction,Unit5WritinganAcademicEssay,Elementsofanintroduction:,1)Introducethetopicorproblemwithwhichtheresearchessayisconcerned.2)Giveacleardefinitionofthetopicandoftherelatedkeyterms.3)Providetherelevantbackgroundinformation/contextofthetopic.4)Reviewthepreviousrelatedstudiesandpointouttheirlimitationifnecessary.5)Statethepurpose/objectiveoftheessay.6)Introducethetheoreticalperspectivestheessaymightuse.7)Justifyyourchoiceofthetopicorgivethereasonsforyourresearch.8)Explainhowtheessaywillbeorganized(theoutlineoftheessay).,Unit5WritinganAcademicEssay,3Writinganintroduction,Howtomakethestatementofpurpose:,Purpose+ActionVerb+Topic,Unit5WritinganAcademicEssay,3Writinganintroduction,C,A,E,B,G,D,F,Thewholeintroduction:CADBEGF,Unit5WritinganAcademicEssay,3Writinganintroduction,Paragraph1:Sentences1-2thetopicandbackgroundSentence3areviewofthepreviousstudySentences4-5limitationorproblemsParagraph2:Sentences1-3reasonsandrationalforthestudyParagraph3:purposeandstructure,Unit5WritinganAcademicEssay,3Writinganintroduction,Paragraph1:Sentence1definitionSentence2backgroundParagraph2:Sentences1-2topicSentences3-8reviewofthepaststudiesParagraph3:reviewofthepaststudiesParagraph4:Sentence1limitationSentence2purpose,Unit5WritinganAcademicEssay,3Writinganintroduction,1Function:Establishthespecifictopic,2Function:Introducethepresentmethodology,3Function:Statethepurposeand/ortheprincipalactivities,4Function:Offerabriefstructureofthewholepaper,Unit5WritinganAcademicEssay,3Writinganintroduction,DefinitionStepstowritethebodysectionofthesecondaryresearchessayText18PhysicalEffectsofMarijuanaUseOrganizationsCommontypesoforganizationTask2Task3,4Writingthebodyofasecondaryresearchessay,Unit5WritinganAcademicEssay,Stepstowritethebodysectionofthesecondaryresearchessay:,1)Evaluateallsourcematerialsyouhavegathered;2)Designthestructureororganizationofyouessayaccordingtoresearchquestions,suchascauseandeffect,orcomparisonandcontrast;3)Arrangetheargumentsinalogicalorderaccordingtothechosenstructure;4)Selectandorganizesourcematerialstoillustratetheideasofthetopicsentencesrespectively.,Unit5WritinganAcademicEssay,4Writingthebodyofthesecondaryresearchessay,AdditionalquestionsforyourunderstandingofText18,1Whatarethefactorsthathavetobeconsideredinordertoevaluatesomeoftheresearch?,Thefirstaspectistheamountofthedoseoftetrahydrocannabinol(THC),themajoringredientinmarijuana.Anotherfactoristhekindofpersonusingmarijuana.Also,thenon-drugfactorofsettingmustbeconsideredinevaluatingtheresultsofexperimentalstudies.,Unit5WritinganAcademicEssay,4Writingthebodyofthesecondaryresearchessay,AdditionalquestionsforyourunderstandingofText18,2Whataresomeoftheshort-termeffectsofmarijuanause?,Increaseinpulserate,reddeningoftheeyes,drynessofthemouthandthroatandincreasingfrequencyofurination,increasedhunger,musclestrengthandperformanceofsimplemotortasks,auditorysensibility,visualacuity,andaestheticappreciationofmusic,etc.,Unit5WritinganAcademicEssay,4Writingthebodyofthesecondaryresearchessay,AdditionalquestionsforyourunderstandingofText18,3Whataresomeoftheareastobeinvestigatedfromtheauthorspointofview?,Fromtheauthorspointofview,cardiovascularsystems,gastrointestinalfunction,liverfunction,neuro-endocrineeffectsofmarijuana,andlungfunctionarethemainareastobeinvestigated.,Unit5WritinganAcademicEssay,4Writingthebodyofthesecon