數(shù)控技術(shù)外文翻譯@數(shù)控編程外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯@中英文翻譯

- 1 - 附錄： 外文資料與中文翻譯 外文資料： NC Technology 1、 Research current situation of NC lathe in our times Research and development process to such various kinds of new technologies as numerical control lathe , machining center , FMS , CIMS ,etc. of countries all over the world, linked to with the international economic situation closely. The machine tool industry has international economy to mutually promote and develop, enter 21 alert eras of World Affairs, the function that peoples knowledge plays is more outstanding, and the machine tool industry is regarded as the foundation of the manufacturing industry of the machine, its key position and strategic meaning are more obvious. Within 1991-1994 years, the economic recession of the world, expensive FMS, CIMS lowers the temperature, among 1995-2000 years, the international economy increases at a low speed, according to requisition for NC lathe and the world four major international lathes exhibition in order to boost productivity of users of various fields of present world market (EMO , IMTS , JIMTOF , China CIMT of Japan of U.S.A. of Europe), have the analysis of the exhibit, there are the following several points mainly in the technical research of NC lathe in our times: 1.1、 Pay more attention to new technology and innovation Worldwide , are launching the new craft , new material , new structure , new unit , research and development of the new component in a more cost-effective manner, developmental research of for instance new cutter material , the new electric main shaft of main shaft structure , high speed , high-speed straight line electrical machinery ,etc. Regard innovating in improvement of the processing technology as the foundation, for process ultra and hard difficult to cut material and special composite and complicated part , irregular curved surface ,etc. research and develop new lathe variety constantly. - 2 - 1.2、 Improve the precision and research of machine tooling In order to improve the machining accuracy of the machining center , are improving rigidity of the lathe , reduction vibration constantly, dispel hotly and out of shape, reduce the noise , improve the precision of localization of NC lathe , repeat precision , working dependability , stability , precision keeping, world a lot of country carry on lathe hot error , lathe sport and load out of shape software of error compensate technical research, take precision compensate , software compensate measure improve , some may make this kind of error dispel 60% already. And is developing retrofit constantly, nanometer is being processed. 1.3、 Improve the research of the machine tooling productivity World NC lathe, machining center and corresponding some development of main shaft, electrical machinery of straight line, measuring system, NC system of high speed, under the prerequisite of boosting productivity. 1.4、 What a lot of countries have already begun to the numerical control system melt intelligently, openly, study networkedly A、 Elegant research of the numerical control system Mainly showing in the following aspects: It is intelligent in order to pursue the efficiency of processing and process quality, the self-adaptation to the processing course is controlled, the craft parameter produces research automatically； Join the convenient one in order to improve the performance of urging and use intelligently, to the feedback control , adaptive operation , discerning automatically load selects models automatically , since carries on research whole definitely ,etc. of the electrical machinery parameter； There are such research of the respect as intelligent automatic programming , intelligent man-machine interface , intelligence diagnosing , intelligent monitoring ,etc. B、 The numerical control system melts and studies open Mainly showing in the following aspects: The development of the numerical control system is on unified operation platform, face the lathe producer and support finally, through changing, increasing or cutting out the structure target(numerical control target ), form the seriation, and can use users specially conveniently and the technical know-how is integrated in the - 3 - control system, realize the open numerical control system of different variety , different grade fast, form leading brand products with distinct distinction. System structure norm of the open numerical control system at present, norm, disposing the norm, operation platform, numerical control systematic function storehouse and numerical control systematic function software developing instrument, etc. are the core of present research to pass through. C、 Meeting the manufacture system of the production line , demand for the information integration of the manufacturing company networkedly greatly of numerical control equipment, it is a basic unit of realizing the new manufacture mode too. 2、 Classification of the machining center 2.1、 Process according to main shaft space position when it classifies to be as follows, horizontal and vertical machining center. Horizontal machining center, refer to the machining center that the axis level of the main shaft is set up. Horizontal machining center for 3-5 sport coordinate axis, a common one three rectilinear motion coordinate axis and one turn the coordinate axis of sports round (turn the working bench round), it can one is it is it finish other 4 Taxi processing besides installing surfaces and top surfaces to insert to install in work piece, most suitable for processing the case body work piece. Compared with strength type machining center it, the structure is complicated, the floor space is large, quality is large, and the price is high. Vertical machining center, the axis of the main shaft of the vertical machining center, in order to set up vertically, its structure is mostly the regular post type, the working bench is suitable for processing parts for the slippery one of cross, have 3 rectilinear motion coordinate axis generally, can find a room for one horizontal numerical control revolving stage (the 4th axle) of axle process the spiral part at working bench. The vertical machining center is of simple structure, the floor space is small, the price is low, after allocating various kinds of enclosures, can carry on the processing of most work pieces. Large-scale gantry machining center, the main shafts are mostly set up vertically, is especially used in the large-scale - 4 - or with complicated form work piece , is it spend the many coordinate gantry machining center to need like aviation , aerospace industry , some processing of part of large-scale steam turbine. Five machining centers, this kind of machining center has function of the vertical and horizontal machining center, one is it after inserting, can finish all five Taxi processing besides installing the surface to install in work piece, the processing way can make form of work piece error lowest, save 2 times install and insert working, thus improve production efficiency, reduce the process cost. 2.2、 Classify by craft use Is it mill machining center to bore, is it mill for vertical door frame machining center, horizontal door frame mill the machining center and Longman door frame mill the machining center to divide into. Processing technology its rely mainly on the fact that the door frame is milled, used in case body, shell and various kinds of complicated part special curve and large processes , curved surface of outline process, suitable for many varieties to produce in batches small. Complex machining center, point five times and compound and process mainly, the main shaft head can be turned round automatically, stand, lie and process, after the main shaft is turned round automatically, realize knowing that varies in the horizontal and vertical direction. 2.3、 Classify by special function Single workingbench, a pair of working bench machining center； Single axle, dual axle, three axle can change machining center, main shaft of case； Transfer vertically to the tower machining center and transfer； One hundred sheets of storehouses add the main shaft and changes one one hundred sheets of machining centers； One hundred sheets of storehouses connects and writes hands to add the main shaft and change one hundred sheets of machining centers； One hundred sheets of storehouses adds the manipulator and - 5 - adds one pair of main shafts to transfer to the tower machining center. 3、 Development trend of the current numerical control lathe At present, the advanced manufacturing technology in the world is rising constantly, such application of technology as ultra fast cutting , ultra precision processing ,etc., the rapid development of the flexible manufacturing system and integrated system of the computer one is constant and ripe, have put forward higher demand to the process technology of numerical control. Nowadays the numerical control lathe is being developed in several following directions. （ 1） .The speed and precision at a high speed , high accuracy are two important indexes of the numerical control lathe , it concerns directly that processes efficiency and product quality. At present, numerical control system adopt-figure number, frequency high processor, in order to raise basic operation speed of system. Meanwhile , adopt the super large-scale integrated circuit and many microprocessors structure, in order to improve systematic data processing ability , namely improve and insert the speed and precision of mending operation. Adopt the straight line motor and urge the straight line of the lathe working bench to be servo to enter to the way directly, it is quite superior that its responds the characteristic at a high speed and dynamically. Adopt feed forward control technology, make it lag behind error reduce greatly , thus improve the machining accuracy cut in corner not to track. For meet ultra fast demand that process, numerical control lathe adopt main shaft motor and lathe structure form that main shaft unite two into one, realize frequency conversion motor and lathe main shaft integrate , bearing , main shaft of electrical machinery adopt magnetism float the bearing , liquid sound pigeonhole such forms as the bearing or the ceramic rolling bearing ,etc. At present, ceramic cutter and diamond coating cutter have already begun to get application. (2). Multi-functional to is it change all kinds of machining centers of organization (a of capacity of storehouse can up to 100 - 6 - of the above ) automatically to furnished with, can realize milling paring , boring and pares , bores such many kinds of processes as paring , turning , reaming , reaming , attacking whorl ,etc. to process at the same time on the same lathe , modern numerical control lathe adopt many main shaft , polyhedron cut also , carry on different cutting of way process to one different position of part at the same time. The numerical control system has because adopted many CPU structure and cuts off the control method in grades, can work out part processing and procedure at the same time on a lathe, realize so-called “the front desk processes, the backstage supporter is an editor . In order to meet the needs of integrating the systematic one in flexible manufacturing system and computer, numerical control system have remote serial interface , can network , realize data communication , numerical control of lathe, can control many numerical control lathes directly too. (3).Intelligent modern numerical control lathe introduce the adaptive control technology, according to cutting the change of the condition, automatic working parameter, make the processing course can keep the best working state, thus get the higher machining accuracy and roughness of smaller surface, can improve the service life of the cutter and production efficiency of the equipment at the same time. Diagnose by oneself, repair the function by oneself, among the whole working state, the system is diagnosed, checked by oneself to CNC system and various kinds of equipment linking to each other with it at any time. While breaking down, adopt the measure of shutting down etc. immediately, carry on the fault alarm, brief on position, reason to break down, etc. Can also make trouble module person who take off automatically, put through reserve module, so as to ensure nobody demand of working environment. For realize high trouble diagnose that requires , its development trend adopts the artificial intelligence expert to diagnose the system. (4).Numerical control programming automation with the development of application technology of the computer, CAD/CAM figure interactive automatic programming has already get more application at present, it is a new trend of the technical development of numerical control. It utilize part that CAD draw - 7 - process pattern , is it calculate the trailing punishing to go on by cutter orbit data of computer and then, thus produce NC part and process the procedure automatically, in order to realize the integration of CAD and CAM. With the development of CIMS technology , the full-automatic programming way in which CAD/CAPP/CAM integrates has appeared again at present, it, and CAD/CAM systematic programming great difference their programming necessary processing technology parameter neednt by artificial to participate in most, get from CAPP database in system directly. (5). the dependability of the dependability maximization numerical control lathe has been the major indicator that users cared about most all the time. The numerical control system will adopt the circuit chip of higher integrated level, will utilize the extensive or super large-scale special-purpose and composite integrated circuit, in order to reduce the quantity of the components and parts, to improve dependability. Through the function software of the hardware, in order to meet various kinds of demands for controlling the function, adopt the module, standardization, universalization and seriation of the structure lathe noumenonn of the hardware at the same time, make not only improve the production lot of the hardware but also easy to is it produce to organize and quality check on. Still through operating and starting many kinds of diagnostic programs of diagnosing, diagnosing, diagnosing off-line online etc. automatically, realize that diagnoses and reports to the police the trouble to hardware, software and various kinds of outside equipment in the system. Utilize the warning suggestion, fix a breakdown in time； Utilize fault-tolerant technology, adopt and design the important part redundantly , in order to realize the trouble resumes by oneself； Utilize various kinds of test, control technology, exceed Cheng, one one hundred sheets of damages, interfering, cutting out,etc. at the time of various kinds of accidents as production, carry on corresponding protection automatically. (6).Control system miniaturization systematic miniaturization of numerical control benefit and combine the machine , electric device for an organic whole. Adopt the super large-scale integrated component , multi-layer printed circuit board mainly at present, adopt the three-dimensional installation - 8 - method , make the electronic devices and components must use the high density to install, narrow systematic occupying the space on a larger scale. And utilize the new-type slim display of colored liquid crystal to substitute the traditional cathode ray tube, will make the operating system of numerical control miniaturize further. So can install it on the machine tool conveniently, benefit the operation of the numerical control lathe correctly even more. 1 中文翻譯： 數(shù)控技術(shù) 1、當(dāng)前世界 NC 機床的研究現(xiàn)狀 世界各國對數(shù)控機床、加工中心以至 FMS、 CIMS 等各種新技術(shù)的研究與發(fā)展進(jìn)程，是與世界經(jīng)濟形勢緊密相連的。機床工業(yè)有世界經(jīng)濟相互促進(jìn)和發(fā)展，進(jìn)入 21 世界知識機警時代，人們的知識所起的作用更加突出，而機床工業(yè)作為機器制造業(yè)的基礎(chǔ)，其重點地位與戰(zhàn)略意義也更加明顯。在 1991 1994 年間，世界經(jīng)濟衰退，昂貴的 FMS， CIMS 降溫，1995 2000 年間，世界經(jīng)濟在低速增長，根據(jù)當(dāng)前世界市場各方面用戶為提高生產(chǎn)率對 NC 機床的要求以及世界四大國際機床展（歐洲的 EMO、美國的 IMTS、日本的 JIMTOF、中國的 CIMT）上展品的分析，當(dāng)前世界NC 機床的技術(shù)研究主要有以下幾點： 1.1、更加重視新技術(shù)和創(chuàng)新 在世界范圍內(nèi)，對新工藝、新材料、新結(jié)構(gòu)、新單元、新元件的研究開發(fā)工作正在大力開展，如新的刀具材料、新的主軸結(jié)構(gòu)、高速電主軸、高速直線電機等的開發(fā)研究。以加工工藝的改進(jìn)創(chuàng)新為基礎(chǔ)，為加工超硬、難切削材料及特殊復(fù)合材料及復(fù)雜零件、不規(guī)則曲面等在不斷研究開發(fā)新機種。 1.2、提高機床加工的精度和研究 為了提高加工中心的加工精度，不斷提高機床的剛度、減少振動，消除熱變形，降低噪聲，提 高 NC 機床的定位精度、重復(fù)精度、工作可靠性、穩(wěn)定性、精度保持性，世界很多國家都在進(jìn)行機床熱誤差、機床運動及負(fù)載變形誤差的軟件補償技術(shù)研究，并采取精度補償、軟件補償?shù)却胧┘右愿纳?，有的已?jīng)可以使此類誤差消除 60%。并在不斷開發(fā)精細(xì)加工，納米加工。 1.3、提高機床加工生產(chǎn)率的研究 世界 NC 機床、加工中心及相應(yīng)的高速點主軸、直線電機、測量系統(tǒng)、NC 系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)，均以提高生產(chǎn)率為前提。 2 1.4、許多國家都已經(jīng)開始對數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的智能化、開放化、網(wǎng)絡(luò)化研究 A、數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的智能化的研究 主要表現(xiàn)在：為追求加工效率和加工質(zhì)量 的智能化，對加工過程的自適應(yīng)控制，工藝參數(shù)自動生成進(jìn)行研究；為提高驅(qū)動性能及使用連接方便的智能化，對反饋控制、電機參數(shù)的自適應(yīng)運算、自動識別負(fù)載自動選定模型、自整定等進(jìn)行研究；還有智能化的自動編程、智能化的人機界面、智能診斷、智能監(jiān)控等方面的研究。 B、數(shù)控系統(tǒng)開放化研究 主要表現(xiàn)在：數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)在統(tǒng)一的運行平臺上，面向機床廠家和最終擁護，通過改變、增加或剪裁結(jié)構(gòu)對象（數(shù)控對象），形成系列化，并可方便地將用戶的特殊應(yīng)用和技術(shù)訣竅集成到控制系統(tǒng)中，快速實現(xiàn)不同品種、不同檔次的開放式數(shù)控系統(tǒng)，形成具有鮮明個性 的名牌產(chǎn)品。目前開放式數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的體系結(jié)構(gòu)規(guī)范、通行規(guī)范、配置規(guī)范、運行平臺、數(shù)控系統(tǒng)功能庫以及數(shù)控系統(tǒng)功能軟件開發(fā)工具等是當(dāng)前研究的核心。 C、 數(shù)控裝備的網(wǎng)絡(luò)化將極大地滿足生產(chǎn)線制造系統(tǒng)、制造企業(yè)對信息集成的需求，也是實現(xiàn)新的制造模式的基礎(chǔ)單元。 2、加工中心的分類 2.1、按主軸加工時的空間位置分類有：臥式和立式加工中心。 臥式加工中心，是指主軸軸線水平設(shè)置的加工中心。臥式加工中心一般具有 3 5 個運動坐標(biāo)軸，常見的是三個直線運動坐標(biāo)軸和一個回轉(zhuǎn)運動坐標(biāo)軸（回轉(zhuǎn)工作臺），它能在工件一次裝夾完成除安裝面和頂面 以外的其余 4 個面的加工，最適合加工箱體類工件。它與力式加工中心相比，結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，占地面積大，質(zhì)量大，價格高。 立式加工中心，立式加工中心主軸的軸線為垂直設(shè)置，其結(jié)構(gòu)多為固定立柱式，工作臺為十字滑臺，適合加工盤類零件，一般具有 3 個直線運動坐標(biāo)軸，并可在工作臺上安置一個水平軸的數(shù)控轉(zhuǎn)臺（第 4 軸）來加工螺旋類零件。立式加工中心結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，占地面積小，價格低，配備各種附件后，可進(jìn)行大部分工件的加工。 大型龍門式加工中心，主軸多為垂直設(shè)置，尤其使用于大型或形狀復(fù)雜的工件，像航空、航天工業(yè)及大型汽輪機上的某些零件的加工都需 要用這類多坐標(biāo)龍門式加工中心。 3 五面加工中心，這種加工中心具有立式和臥式加工中心的功能，在工件一次裝夾后，能完成除安裝面外的所有五個面的加工，這種加工方式可以使工件的形狀誤差降到最低，省去二次裝夾工作，從而提高生產(chǎn)效率，降低加工成本。 2.2、按工藝用途分類有： 鏜銑加工中心，分為立式樘銑加工中心、臥式樘銑加工中心和龍門樘銑加工中心。其加工工藝