專四語法復(fù)習(xí)-從句篇

精品文庫從句專題從句引導(dǎo)詞的確定從句引導(dǎo)詞通常起兩個作用引導(dǎo)和連接主從句在從句中作某種成分答題依據(jù)：看它在句中做什么成分、表達什么意義（一） 主語從句引導(dǎo)詞：從屬連詞that, whether 連接代詞what, which, who, whom 連接副詞when, where, why, how1 That he is always ready to help others is known to all. 2 In some countries, _ is called “equality” doesnt really mean equal right for equal people.A which B what C that D one答案 B（二） 賓語從句引導(dǎo)詞：從屬連詞that, whether, if 連接代詞what, which, who, whom(詞尾加-ever加強語氣)連接副詞when, where, why, how1 By success, I dont mean _ usually thought of when that word is used. A what is B that we C as you D all is2 We agreed to accept _ they thought was the best tourist guide. A whichever B whoever C whatever D whomever3 The basic features of communication process are identified in one question: who says _ through what channel to whom? A what B how C when D such4 Although Anne is happy with her success, she wonders _ will happen on her private life. A this B that C it D what5 They always give the vacant seats to _ come first. A whoever B whomever C who D whom答案：ABADA（三） 表語從句引導(dǎo)詞：從屬連詞that, whether, if 連接代詞what, which, who, whom 連接副詞when, where, why, howThats what they did. / why I didnt come.The question is whether we shall stay or not./ how we can get there./ who he is./ whom he is looking for.The reason is (that) he is ill.（四） 同位語從句引導(dǎo)詞：從屬連詞that, whether 連接副詞when, where, why, howthat無意義，不做成分，但不能省略同位語從句所修飾的名詞被稱為先行詞。常見先行詞有：idea, fact, news, hope, belief, thought, doubt, question以及表示“建議、命令、請求”的詞（句中要用虛擬語氣）The question whether it is right or wrong depends on the results. There was the question where we were to go. what we were to do. when we were to start. how we could get there. why we should help them.區(qū)別：同位語從句解釋、說明先行詞 定語從句修飾、限定先行詞1 There are signs _ restaurants are becoming more popular with families. A that B which C in which D whose2 The mere fact _ most people believe nuclear war would be madness does not mean that it will not occur. A what B which C that D why答案 AC(五)定語從句1定語從句引導(dǎo)詞起三個作用： 連接作用在從句中作某種成分替代先行詞（因此從句中不能再有先行詞或其代詞）2引導(dǎo)詞：關(guān)系代詞that, which, who, whom, as, whose 關(guān)系副詞when, where, why介詞+關(guān)系代詞which n.短語+從句：the moment/each time/the distance+that, which :先行詞為事、物，在句中可作主語、賓語；who, whom：先行詞為人，在句中可作主語、賓語；whose：先行詞為人、事、物，在句中作定語；as先行詞被the same, such修飾或先行詞本身就是the same, such -引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句，代替整個句子，在從句中作主語或賓語I still remember the day when / on which I met her for the first time.That was the year when /in which he was born.This is the room where they lived for ten years.that /which they lived in for ten years.in which they lived for ten years.As is well known, Rome is not built in a day.As we all know, Rome is not built in a day.This is the city _.A I like to visit it most B I like to visit mostC I most like to visit D I most like to visit itBeer is the most popular drink among male drinkers, _ overall consumption is significantly higher than that of women.A whose B which C that D whatThe hours _ the children spend in their one-way relationship with TV people undoubtedly affect their relationships with real-life people.A when B on which C that D in which答案：BAC 3只用that：先行詞既包括人又包括物先行詞前有不定代詞修飾或先行詞本身為指物不定代詞/復(fù)合不定代詞時先行詞前有表示唯一概念的詞修飾時先行詞被序數(shù)詞、adj.最高級修飾時先行詞為疑問pron.時He talked loudly of the men and the books that attracted him.All that glitters is not gold. There is little/nothing that I can do.He is the only person that is reliable.Who that have studied with him do not admire him?Nothing is difficult for one who sets his mind to it.4 介詞+關(guān)系代詞 不定pron./數(shù)詞+介詞+關(guān)系代詞which/whom/whose+n.解題依據(jù)：介詞與關(guān)系代詞（即先行詞）為固定搭配介詞與從句中某一詞為固定搭配 Agriculture was a step in human progress _ which subsequently there was nothing comparable until our own machine age.A to B for C in D from It is useful to be able to predict the extent _ which a price change will affect supply and demand.A from B to C for D with I bought a dozen eggs, _ broke when I dropped the box at the door.A six eggs B six eggs of themC six of them D six of which He introduced me to his students, _ offered to go with me as a guide.A one of them B one student C one of whom D one of which The residents, _ had been damaged by the fire, were given help by the Red Cross.A all of their homes B all their homesC whose all homes D all of whose homes This is the theory _ which his experiment is based.A from B to C on D for 答案：ABDCDC（六）狀語從句1 時間狀語從句常見引導(dǎo)詞：when, while, until / till, as, before, after, since, whenever, as soon as, once, each/ every timeno soonerthanhardly/ scarcelywhen 考點：when“正在這時before/ after: It is a long time before/ after since: It is/was since（完成時）until/ till notuntil強調(diào)句式：It is/was not until+從句+that +主句not提到句首，句子倒裝Not until+時間狀語（從句）+部分倒裝的主句no soonerthan & hardly/ scarcelywhen時態(tài)：主句-過去完成時；從句-過去時否定副詞提到句首，句子要部分倒裝1) I had just started back for the house to change my clothes _ Iheard voices.A as B when C after D while2) No sooner had we reached the top of the hill _ we all sat down to rest. A when B then C than D until3) Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true _ it comes to classroom tests. A when B since C before D after4) A man escaped from the prison last night. It was a long time _ the guards discovered what had happened. A before B until C since D after5) You see the lightning _ it happens, but you hear the thunder later. A the instant B for an instant C on the instant D in an instant6) It was almost 10 years _ I had seen her last time. A before B after C when D since 答案：BCAAAD2地點狀語從句常見引導(dǎo)詞：where, whereverBoys always go to swim where the water is deep.Where there is a will, there is a way.3 原因狀語從句 常見引導(dǎo)詞：because, as, for（并列句）, since, that, in that, now that seeing (that); given (that)She was disappointed that her services had been overlooked by her superiors.Given her interest in children/Given (that) she is interested in children, Im sure teaching is the right career for her. Seeing (that) he was better, they didnt send for the doctor.because著重指直接的原因或理由，其所引導(dǎo)的從句為全句的重心，用以直接回答why的問題，在本組詞中語氣最強。既可放在句首，也可放在主句之后。Just because I dont complain, you mustnt suppose that Im satisfied.He had to ask his neighbor for a ride because his car was being repaired. as多用于口語中，使用本詞引導(dǎo)的從句時，主句為全句的重心，從句只是附帶地指出原因或理由，語氣比because和since弱，通常用于句首，如放在主句后，所說明的原因一般是對方知道的。As he wasnt ready in time, we went without him.We remained at home as it was raining.for著重指附加或推斷的理由、根據(jù)、解釋，連接的是相對獨立的并列句，不能用于句首。I asked her to stay to tea, for I had something to tell her.since可放在句首或主句之后，有時與as同義，有讓步的含義，著重指雙方均已熟悉或稍加分析既可明白的理由，有時也指產(chǎn)生行動的自然原因，口語中較為少用。Since everyone is here, lets begin our class.Since weve no money, we cant buy it.4 結(jié)果狀語從句常見的引導(dǎo)詞：so(并列句), that, so that; sothat; suchthat;It was so cold that the river had frozen.It was such an interesting story that I couldnt stop reading it. 5目的狀語從句常見引導(dǎo)詞：that, so that; in order that; lest, for fear that; in case(虛擬語氣)Man does not live that he may eat, but eats that he may live.Here is my telephone number so that you can call me when you arrive here next time.They had to get up very early in order that they wouldnt miss the express train.Ill be kind to her lest she decide to leave me.He jotted the name down for fear that he should forget it.Heres some money in case you should need it.6 條件狀語從句常見引導(dǎo)詞：if, unless, as/so long as, in case, on condition that,providing/ provided (that)suppose/ supposing (that)You cant pass the exam unless you work harder.If it rains tomorrow, I will go to school by taxi.I can lend you my dictionary as long as you can keep it clean.Please let me know in case he comes.She would be prepared to come to the party, provided/ providing that she could bring her daughter.Supposing /Suppose all the doors were locked, how would you get into the house?7 讓步狀語從句常見引導(dǎo)詞：though, although, as, even if/ though, whilefor all that.（盡管）；whetheror; no matter +特殊疑問詞 / 特殊疑問詞+-everEven if it is raining very hard, he would still go to take care of the young trees in the schoolyard.He is a good comrade for all that he may have shortcomings and faults.注： as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，須用倒裝語序。倒裝情況：a把從句中作表語的adj./n.提到句首；若表語為單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，提前時要省略（即去掉）不定冠詞 b把從句中作狀語的adv.提到句首 c有時把從句中的謂語動詞原形提到句首Difficult as the work was, it was finished on time.Child as he is, he can speak English fluently.Much as I respect him, I cant agree to his suggestion.Fail as he did, he would try again. though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句可倒裝可不倒裝；although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句不能倒裝Very late though it was, they went on working. /Though it was very late, they went on working.Air exists everywhere although we cant see it. no matter+特殊疑問詞 / 特殊疑問詞+-ever引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，從句中有時要用虛擬語氣：may+動詞原形或直接用動詞原形；有時還要用倒裝語序。注意詞序：no matter how/ however + adj./adv. +no matter what/ whatever + n. + However rich people are, they always seem anxious to make money.No matter what difficulties we may have, we have confidence in ourselves.Whatever may come, we wont leave the work half done.Come what may, we wont leave the work half done.Whoever you be, you have no right to do such a thing. whetheror引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，常省略whether，且把動詞原形be提到句首。Be rich or poor, he is kind to everybody. (Whether he is rich or poor)Be friend or foe, the law regards him as criminal. (Whether he is a friend or a foe, )8 方式狀語從句常見引導(dǎo)詞：as, as if/ though(有時用虛擬語氣)When in Rome, do as the Romans do.He looks as if he is ill. (He is really ill.)He talks as if he were a scholar. (In fact, he is not a scholar.)He speaks as if he had seen it with his own eyes. (Actually, he didnt see it at all.)It looks as if it might rain.9 比較狀語從句常見引導(dǎo)詞：as/ soas; than; The more, the morethe sameas; the same as; suchas He knew about the newcomer as much as I did.He finished the exam earlier than his classmates did.She is the same age as you. We are not such fools as to believe him.The harder you work, the more achievement you will make.注意： 排斥問題China is larger than any other country in Asia.China is larger than any country in Africa. 替代問題：one/ones；that/those在比較從句中為了避免重復(fù)，常用that/those, one/ones代替前面出現(xiàn)的名詞：that指物，one既可指人也可指物； that可代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞，those代替可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)；one代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，ones代替可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)；重復(fù)的名詞后面有of短語時，常用that/those代替；重復(fù)的名詞前有形容詞修飾時，常用one/ones代替。The up trains are fuller than the down ones.The engine of your car is better than that of mine. 比較對象一致、主謂一致及時態(tài)等問題The population of China is larger than America. (wrong)The population of China is larger than that of America. 倍數(shù)表達法a倍數(shù)+比較級+thanb 倍數(shù)+ n.+ as +原級+as/倍數(shù)+ as +原級+ n.+ asc倍數(shù)+ n.短語（the + n.+ of）d倍數(shù)+ that ofe倍數(shù)+ what從句注意：to增加到; by凈增The room is three times as large as that one.這個房間是那個房間的三倍大。The room is three times larger than that one.這個房間比那個房間大三倍（是那個房間的四倍大）。This river is four times the width of that one.這條河比那條河寬三倍。That city is now almost ten times its original size.現(xiàn)在那座城市幾乎是它原來大小的十倍。The area of that continent is about twice that of this one.那個大洲的面積比這個的大一倍。They produce 1000 cars with a total value more than 20 times what it was in 1980.他們生產(chǎn)了一千輛小汽車，總產(chǎn)值是年的二十倍還多。 級的修飾語a比較級：表示一方超過另一方的程度或數(shù)量時，可在比較級前表示程度的狀語，如even, still, yet, rather, no, a lot, lots, a (good) bit, a little (bit), a gr