中考英語選詞填空解題技巧及配套試題.doc

中考英語選詞填空解題技巧及配套試題“選詞填空”要求學(xué)生利用所給的12個(gè)詞匯(一般有名詞、代詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞、數(shù)詞、冠詞、介詞和連詞等)補(bǔ)全一篇有10個(gè)空缺的短文。要攻克這一難關(guān)，學(xué)生除了要進(jìn)行大量的課外閱讀，積累豐富的語言知識外，還需掌握一定的解題技巧。1.在拿到題目后，不要急于看文章，首先對備選的詞匯研究幾遍，對詞性作簡單的標(biāo)記，例如：名詞-n.，動詞-v.，形容詞-a.，副詞-ad. 等等。同時(shí)對詞義作初步的理解。2.通讀全文，語義完整、適用、合乎邏輯是做好填詞的前提。通過上、下文的句子，充分理解短文的內(nèi)容，注意發(fā)現(xiàn)固定搭配關(guān)系，憑借語感積極主動地猜測空格中所缺的信息，根據(jù)需要去備選詞匯中尋找匹配的答案。3.在選定單詞后，不要輕率地填入。在填詞過程中，需要瞻前顧后，既要符合本句的含義，又要保證句式結(jié)構(gòu)的正確。當(dāng)你選定一個(gè)名詞時(shí)，要考慮是否要把它變成復(fù)數(shù)或“所有格”形式。例如：match-matches， friend-friends/friends。其他還要考慮名詞是否需要變成形容詞，例如：sun-sunny， use-useful/useless/used， danger-dangerous;在遇到動詞時(shí)，要有意識地去考慮時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化以及非謂語動詞形式的變化(動詞不定式- to do， 現(xiàn)在分詞-doing， 過去分詞-done， 固定搭配-enjoy doing sth./used to do sth./have sth. done)。形容詞和副詞填空時(shí)要主動去判定是否需要變成比較級或最高級，還有它們之間的相互轉(zhuǎn)換以及形容詞變名詞的需求也需考慮，例如：interesting-more /the most interesting， happy-happily，happy -happiness; 填入代詞時(shí)，需注意辨別主格、賓格、名詞性和形容詞性物主代詞或反身代詞的用法;數(shù)詞方面要注意基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞的變化以及分?jǐn)?shù)和虛實(shí)數(shù)的用法，例如：three-third， 2/3-two thirds， one thousand/thousands of ;冠詞只需要在 a或an之間判別，如a girl/an old man; 當(dāng)遇到介詞和連詞時(shí)，就更簡單，只要符合上下文邏輯或固定短語搭配，填入即可。為了方便記憶，試著記住下面的順口溜：空前空后要注意，“名詞”單復(fù)數(shù)要牢記，還有s 不能棄，“動詞”注意要變形，“形副”注意要用三種級，要填“數(shù)詞”請留意，千萬別忘 “基” 和“序”，填入“代詞”需慎重，五格變化要謹(jǐn)記。4.完成填詞后，應(yīng)通讀全文，復(fù)核校對。檢查單詞拼寫是否正確，是否有時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、慣用法及詞語選用上的錯(cuò)誤，以確保答案的正確性。最后把答案填入答卷時(shí)，切勿錯(cuò)位。例題解析：(一)用方框中所給詞語的適當(dāng)形式填空，使短文正確、通順、連貫(每詞限用一次)。job, chance, fourth, why, live, easy, honest, good, in order to, come out Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. Im here today to share a good lesson with you. It is a true story about an overseas student 71 _ in Germany.After years of hard work, this student graduated with amazing achievements. Everyone thought he was going to get a good 72_ easily and have a bright future. But to his disappointment, he was not even given the 73 _ for an interview! The third time he was refused, he couldnt help telephoning the company to ask 74_ they didnt want him. The answer was simple. We dont offer jobs to 75 _ people in Germany.What was wrong, you might wonder? The truth is, shortly after he arrived in Germany, this clever student found that it was 76_ to skip buying subway tickets. So 77_ save money, he often went without a ticket. As a result, he had been caught without a ticket in the subway 78_ times.From this story, we learn that we may get short-term benefits in dishonest ways, but the truth will 79 _ sooner or later and the cost is high. So remember: honesty is the 80 _ rule.Thats all for my speech. Thank you!(二)用方框中所給詞語的適當(dāng)形式填空，使短文正確、通順、連貫(每詞限用一次)。so start easy badly someone difficult if thank class reporter medical succeedProving Them Wrong!I m John Wood, a doctor at a famous Boston hospital. During the first two years of high school, I found biology very 56_ . My report cards always said things like must study harder or John shouldnt choose science 57_ . It was really terrible for 58_ who had always dreamed of becoming a doctor. I lost confidence, so I left high school x j at sixteen and 59_ working at a supermarket.One evening I saw a documentary about Albert Einstein. According to the documentary, Einstein had done really 60_ at school. I began to think that Einstein could 61_ , then I may have a chance, too. I didnt want to leave my job, 62 _I decided to go to night school to finish high school. Two years later, I went to a 63_ university.Ive often thought I should contact the 64_ the Einstein documentaryand 65 _ him. As for the biology teacher, I might contact her, too, one day - but not to thank her!實(shí)戰(zhàn)練習(xí)( 1 )well , soft, second, better, may, strongly, afraid, sand , stay up, if, now, houseWe cant stop an earthquake(地震), but we can do things to make sure they dont destroy(毀壞) whole cities. First, it is not a 1 ._ idea to build houses along lines where 2. _ of the earths plates(板塊) join together. Second, if you think there 3. _ be an earthquake, it is better to build houses on rocks , not on 4. _. Third, you must make the houses as 5. _ as possible. Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake, but strong ones may 6. _ . .Scientists are 7. _ that one day an even bigger earthquake will hit the part around San Francisco(舊金山) . They call it “ The Big One ”. However, people today are still building more 8. _ . The population in and around San Francisco is 9. _ ten times more than it was in 1906. This means that 10. _ there is another earthquake, a great many houses and buildings will be destroyed.(2)(2011四川宜賓) 第二節(jié)：選詞填空。(共8個(gè)小題，每小題1分，計(jì)8分)從下面方框中選出8個(gè)單詞，用它們的適當(dāng)形式填入短文空格內(nèi)，使短文意思正確、通順。(每詞限用一次)ake, bad, medicine, careful, nothing, come, month, something, and, wrongMr. Shute lives in a village. He has got abig family and a strong dog. His farm is small 76 he is often free in winter. So he goes to a city and finds work there.Once he stayed in a city for two 77 . When New Year was coming, he went back home to see his wife and his children. On his way home, something was 78 with his eyes. When he knocked on the door, his dog 79 out and was not friendly to him. His wife hurried to drive it away. The next morning he went to see a doctor. The doctor looked over his eyes 80 and gave him some 81 . Before he left, he told the doctor about his dog. When he heard this, the doctor began to laugh and said, “Maybe something is wrong with your dogs eyes, too.”When Mr. Shute got home, he told his wife about it. The woman said, “Im afraid its true. If a thief comes into our house, it wont see him and hell steal 82 here.”Mr. Shute thought his wife was right. He then made his dog 83 his medicine instead.(3)【2011山東菏澤】五、綜合填空(共10小題;每小題1分，滿分10分)閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容用方框內(nèi)所給詞語的適當(dāng)形式填空，使短文語義完整。(請你一定要注意詞語的形式變化!)to must ask unusual it when early who notice ifMy name is Jim White. I live in America. I had a very (66) experience on Sunday. I saw a UFO in the daytime. (67) this spring, I went outside with my friend Bill (68) lived close to me. We were walking to a hill (69) I saw a large bright light dancing in the sky. I called Jim and asked him to look up. He kept (70) , “What is that?” “A UFO!” I shouted excitedly. I (71) it was round and red in the center.After we looked at (72) for a moment, we found it seemed that it had wings, but it was still round. Bill would not believe me when I told him it (73) be a UFO. We shouted(74) it and we wished that it would land. We wanted to know (75) there was an alien in it. But soon it disappeared. I guessed we scared it off.Do you believe me? Its a true story.請將答案寫在下面的橫線上:(4)【2011浙江杭州】七、選詞填空he, the, grow, high, until, one, fail, loud, speech, whenSir Edmund Hillary was the first man to climb Mount Everest. On May 29, 1953 he climbed and measured 61)_ highest mountain then known to man29,000 feet straight up. He was spoken 62)_ of for his efforts when he came back. He even made advertisements for big companies. However, 63)_ we read his book, High Adventure, we dont understand that Hillary had to grow into this success.You see, in 1952 he tried to climb Mount Everest, but 64)_. A few weeks later a group in England asked him to give a 65)_ to its members. Hillary was given a warm welcome 66)_ walking on stage. People there thought him as a hero, but Edmund Hillary saw 67)_ as a failure. He moved away from the microphone and walked to the side of the stage.He lifted one hand and pointed at a picture of the mountain. He said in a 68)_voice, “Mount Everest, you beat me the 69)_ time, but Ill beat you the next time because youve 70)_all you are going to grow, but Im still growing!”(5)將下列單詞或詞組填入空格。每空格限填一詞，每個(gè)單詞只能填一次。According to Xinhua News Agency, 3,000 yellow school buses started their service in Chongqing 51 2011. These school buses are like the ones in the US as we usually see on TV and in movies.The school buses are bright yellow in colour. They are stronger than the armys cars. They are from the US. The yellow school bus has a big nose. This 52 the students safe when other cars crash into the school bus. The bus also has some devices(設(shè)備), such as warning lights and stop signal arm.In the US, yellow school buses are very 53 . There are about 480,000 school buses in the country. Usually, the yellow school buses are free to ride.In China, school buses became popular in the past few years. On the bus,54 the bus driver, there is always a teacher whose duty is to watch the students. Children usually rest on the bus. Some of them also recite texts. School buses in China are not free. The fee is 55 from school to school.More about yellow school buses in the USYellow became the colour of school buses in 1939. American educator, Frank W. Cyr 56it. The colour helped other cars to see the buses. In the early morning, the black letters on the yellow bus are easy to see.Kids can listen to music, talk on their 57 or just sleep. But they cant place things in the aisle(過道). They should keep their heads and arms 58 the bus. It is not a good idea to talk to the bus driver the driver needs to pay attention to the road.(6)將下列單詞或詞組填入空格。每空格限填一詞，每次只能填一次。A. The way B. from a distance C. own D. has studied E. grew F. recording G. like H. do I. actJane Goodall is a famous woman scientist, who _51_ chimpanzees(黑猩猩)inAfrica for many years. Her research helps people understand how much they behave _52_humans. Nobody before has fully understood chimpanzees behavior. Jane spent manyyears observing and _53_ their daily activities. She did not study at a university but sheworked with animals in their _54_ environment. When she arrived at Gombe(貢貝在尼日尼亞) in 1960， it was usually for a woman to live in the forest. Only after her mothercame to help her for the first months, was she allowed to begin her project. At first, Jane could not get close to the chimpanzees of Gombe, but little by little she was able to move closer to the chimpanzees and watch them _55_ with binoculars(望遠(yuǎn)鏡). Finally, Jane _56_ very close to the chimpanzees at Gombe. Janes patience and trust won them over, and she enjoyed a degree of acceptance(接受度) that was hardly dreamed possible. She sat among the chimpanzees, and they would greet her as they _57_ each other with a touch or a kiss.Her work has changed _58_ people think about chimpanzees, and she has been helping the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals. Perhaps most significantly, Janes work has opened a window into the world of chimpanzees for a public with a strong curiosity(好奇心)， and it has proved more successful than anyone has ever imagined.(7)將下列單詞或詞組填入空格。每空格限填一詞，每詞只能填一次。Brian ran in Central Park every morning. He 51 took a five-dollar bill with him in his pocket. After running he bought himself a cup of coffee and a hamburger.One day 52 runner knocked into him. For a few moments he didnt think about it.He felt for his five-dollar bill in his pocket. It wasnt there! That man had 53 it!The man was only 30 meters far away. Brian ran after him, hit him and said, Give me the 54 ! The man said, OK! Just stay cool! Take it easy!Then the man gave Brian a five-dollar bill.Then the man ran away as 55 as he could!Brian felt really good 56 ran to the shop. He bought himself a coffee and ahamburger.Then he ran home. His wife was 57 him. She said, Oh, dear! Youve had a bad morning, havent you?No! Why? Ive had a very 58 morning!Really? But you left your five-dollar bill on the table!(8)將下列單詞詞組填入空格。每空格填一詞，每詞只能填一次A. clothes B. left C. though D. difficultE. parent F. reading G. happy with H. angry about I. came trueMy mother was a housewife. She thought that successful people spent a lot more time _51_than watching TV. So she asked my brother and me to read two books every week in our free time. She would check them with marks, _52_she couldnt read the books at all.When I went to school, I was an A-student, but not for long. I wanted cool _53_ and hung out with friends. I went from being an A-student to a C-student, but I didnt care. One night, I complained about not having enough Italian T-shirts. Then my mother gave me all her money. She said I could get the money _54_ to buy shirts if I finished buying all things the family needed. I was very _55_that, but after I bought those things, there was no money left. I got to know how _56_ it was for my mother to do all this. I went back to my studies and become an A-student again. Finally, my dream _57_ and I become a doctor.My story is really my mothers story-a woman with little education greatly changed my life as a _58_. So, I believe there is no job more important than parenting.(9)將下列單詞或詞組填入空格。每空格限填一詞，每詞只能填一次。A. part B. realize C. stations D. For exampleE. events F. unusual G. receive H. all over I. In additionHundreds of years ago, news was carried from place to place by people on foot or by horse. It took days, weeks and sometimes months for people to _51_ news. Now it is possible to send words and pictures around the world in seconds. Billions of people learn about news stories of their own country and _52_ the world every day, either by watching TV or reading newspapers.Newspapers have been an important _53_ of everyday life since the 18th century. Many countries have hundreds of different newspapers. How do newspaper editors decide which news stories to print? Why do they print some stories and not others? What makes a good newspaper story?Firstly, it is important to report new stories. TV _54_ can report news much faster than newspapers. Yet, newspapers give more about the same story. They may also look at the story in another way, or they may print completely different stories to those on TV.Secondly, a news story has to be interesting and _55_. People dont want to read stories about everyday life. As a result, many stories are about some kind of danger and seem to be “bad” news. _56_, newspapers never print stories about planes landing safely, instead, they print stories about plane accidents._57_, many people are interested in news in foreign countries, but more prefer to read stories about people, places and _58_ in their own country. So the stories on the front page in Chinese newspapers are usually very different from the ones in British, French and American newspaper.答 案例題解析一:【主旨大意】這是一篇演講稿。通過一個(gè)生動的例子告訴大家一個(gè)道理：我們可以用不誠實(shí)的方式獲取短期的利益，但遲早會真相大白，并為此付出高昂的代價(jià)。誠實(shí)才是上策。答案：71. living 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，修飾 student72. job 前一句說該學(xué)生取得了驚人的成績，都