語法部分(六)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí).doc

語法部分(六)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1.構(gòu)成：have/has+ v.過去分詞（done） 否定：have/has not+ v.過去分詞+ 疑問：Have/Has+ 主語+ v.過去分詞+ 2. 用法：表示過去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果，常與already, just, yet, ever, never, before(句末)等連用. 注意：當(dāng)在肯定陳述句中含有already或just 時(shí)，在轉(zhuǎn)換成否定句或疑問句時(shí)，要把句中的already 或just 去掉，在句末加上yet. I have seen the film.I havent seen the film yet.表示過去已經(jīng)開始，延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，往往和表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語連用。常與for, since, ever since, so far等連用。 They have known each other since they came to this school. He has taught English for two years. 注意:有些動(dòng)詞是非延續(xù)性的，在此用法中要換成其相對(duì)應(yīng)的延續(xù)性詞。 die be dead begin/startbe onfinish/endbe over leavebe away (from)come/go/arrivebe in/at openbe openclosebe closedjoin be a member of be a member ofborrowkeep buyhave have/has gone to 、have/has been to 和have/has been in的區(qū)別。 have/ has gone to have/ has gone to去了，在去某地的路上或在某地，人還未回來 have/ has been to 曾經(jīng)去過，人已經(jīng)回來了 have/ has been in 已經(jīng)在，常與一段時(shí)間連用 Has he gone to Qingdao? 他去青島了嗎？但不能說 Have you gone to Qingdao? for 和since的用法及區(qū)別。 for 與一段時(shí)間連用如：for five years指從現(xiàn)在算起過去的五天包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的一段時(shí)間。 since 與時(shí)間點(diǎn)連用，為過去時(shí)間狀語或過去時(shí)態(tài)的句子。如since 1989since 1989指從1989年那一時(shí)刻起直到現(xiàn)在。 I have been to Shanghai twice since 1970. 自1970年以來我去過上海兩次。 I havent seen her since she left Shanghai. 自她離開上海，我一直沒見著她。 I saw Ping Ping six years ago. Since then I have never seen her. 六年前我見過平平，從此再?zèng)]見過她。 3現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別。 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)這一動(dòng)作產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)。 一般過去時(shí)，僅僅表示在過去某一時(shí)刻曾發(fā)生過這一動(dòng)作，與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)。 例：He has studied English for five years.他已學(xué)英語五年了（說明他還繼續(xù)學(xué)下去） He studied English for five years. 他曾學(xué)過五年英語。（只說明他過去學(xué)過五年英語，但現(xiàn)在不學(xué)了。） He has opened the door.他已開了門。（門已打開） He opened the door. 他開了門。（門打開過，現(xiàn)在是否開著，不知道。） 一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)有一些明顯的時(shí)間狀語。 遇到y(tǒng)esterday, Last year, in May, in+過去某一年，two days ago, the other day, just now等就用一般過去時(shí)，當(dāng)有 so far, in the past/ last few days(在過去/最近的幾年里)，since接過去時(shí)間狀語或過去時(shí)的句子等常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，when 一定不能用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 4.過去分詞的變化規(guī)則(1)規(guī)則變化一般在動(dòng)詞原形后加-ed look-looked need- needed 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，變y為i， 再加-ed study -studied carry-carried末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)詞，雙寫該輔音字母，再加-ed stop -stopped plan -planned以-r音節(jié)結(jié)尾的詞，雙寫字母r， 再加-ed ,如;prefer -preferred (2)不規(guī)則變化與動(dòng)詞原形詞型相同的，如：come(原型)-came(過去式)-come(過去分詞)與過去式詞型相同的，如：build(原型)-built(過去式) -built(過去分詞) 自己單獨(dú)一個(gè)形態(tài)的 ，如：do(原型)- did(過去式) - done(過去分詞)注：有的過去分詞有兩種形態(tài)，如learn(原型)-learned, learnt(過去式) - learned, learnt(過去分詞)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)練習(xí)題 I.用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.I_ already _ (see) the film. I _ (see) it last week.2._ he _(finish) his work today ? Not yet .3._ you _(be) to Hong Kong ? Yes, I _ (be) there twice. 4._ you ever _(eat ) chocolate sundaes ? No, never.5.My father _ just _ (come) back from work. He is tired now.6.Wheres Li Ming ? He _ (go) to the teachers office.7.Shanghai _ (be) a small town hundreds of years ago. Now it _ (become) a large city.8.I _ (work) here since I _ (move) here in 1999.9.So far I _(make) quite a few friends here.10.How long _ the Wangs _(stay) here ? For two weeks.II.句型轉(zhuǎn)換(每空一詞)。1.I have been to Macau before.(改為否定句) I _ _ been to Macau before.2.He hasnt come to school because hes ill (就劃線部分提問)_ _ he come to school?3.He has learned English for 5 years.(就劃線部分提問) _ _ _ _ learned English ?4.I bough a new bike just now.(用just改寫) I _ just _ a new bike.5.We began to learn English three years ago.(改為同義句)We _ _English _three yearsHe has never surfed, （改成反意疑問句）?10. They have been here since 2000.(對(duì)劃線部分提問) have they been here? 7. The old man last year. (die) 8. This factory opened twenty years ago.(改寫句子，句意不變) This factory for twenty years. 9. Miss Gao left an hour ago.（同上）Miss Gao an hour ago. 10.The Greens moved to France two years ago. （同上） two years the Green family moved to France. 11. The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. （同上） The bus ten minutes.、單項(xiàng)選擇1.Where is Mr Liu? Hethe library. A.has been toB. has goneo toC.has been in2.The students have cleaned the classroom, ? A.so they B.dont they C.have they D.havt they 3.I like Hainan. I there three times.A.went B.go C.have been D.have gon4.We came to Nanjing three years ago, so we here for three years. A.have been to B.have been in C.have been D.have gone5.- How long you your dictionary?- About two monthsA.did; buy B.have; get C.have; had D.have; bough6.He tells me heChina for over five years. A.has been B.has been in C.has been to D.has gone to7. has Mr White been a member of G