四六級(jí)沖刺必會(huì)語(yǔ)法.doc

滬江網(wǎng)校滬江四六級(jí)四六級(jí)語(yǔ)法虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣在考試中比較常見(jiàn)。尤其是在聽(tīng)力中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)。它主要是表達(dá)一種“假設(shè)”或者“推測(cè)”，而不是客觀顯示中的真實(shí)事件。因?yàn)橹饕ㄟ^(guò)動(dòng)詞的變化來(lái)反應(yīng)不同的情況，所以如果不熟悉虛擬語(yǔ)氣的基本表示方法，會(huì)直接影響聽(tīng)力。同時(shí)翻譯中也經(jīng)常使用。如果想得高分，要學(xué)好這個(gè)語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)，爭(zhēng)取在翻譯部分多拿點(diǎn)分：基本規(guī)則：條件從句主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式should/would+動(dòng)詞原形與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反had+過(guò)去分詞should/ would +have+過(guò)去分詞與將來(lái)事實(shí)可能相反動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式/were to/shouldshould/ would +動(dòng)詞原形與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反：If Iwereyou , Iwould apply forthe job.與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反：If Ihad takenyour advice, Iwouldnt have madesuch mistake.與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反：If itrainedtomorrow, Iwouldstay at home.真題翻譯示例：例1：Theyrequestedthat_(我借的書(shū)還回圖書(shū)館)by next Friday.1. 動(dòng)詞request引導(dǎo)的從句應(yīng)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣2. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣的表達(dá)方式：should+動(dòng)詞原形，此題則為：should return3.按句意順序譯，得出答案：I should return the book to library例2：The victim_(本來(lái)有機(jī)會(huì)活下來(lái))if hehad been takento hospital in time.1.一看句意有“本來(lái)”，十之八九為虛擬語(yǔ)氣2.二看時(shí)態(tài)推后了，本該過(guò)去時(shí)，卻用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，因此一定考虛擬3.按句意譯為：would have a chance to survive哪些動(dòng)詞及其與他們相關(guān)的名詞，從句需虛擬語(yǔ)氣？一想要(desire)二寧愿(prefer)三命令(order. command)四建議(advice. suggest. propose)五要求(demand. require. request. ask. insist)，另加一個(gè)wish實(shí)戰(zhàn)練習(xí)：1. It is strange that he _ so.A. would say B. would speakC. should say D. will speak2. My father did not go to New York; the doctor suggested that he _ there.A. not went B. wont goC. not go D. not to go3. I wish that I _ with you last night.A. went B. could goC. have gone D. could have gone4. If you had told me in advance, I _ him at the airport.A. would meet B. would had metC. would have met D. would have meet5. Mike can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he _ me how.A. teaches B. will teachC. has taught D. would teach6. I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I _ the book from which it was made.A. have read B. had readC. should have read D. are reading7. You are late. If you _ a few minutes earlier, you _ him.A. come; would meet B. had come; would have metC. come; will meet D. had come; would meet8. If she could sew, _.A. she make a dress B. she would have made a shirtC. she will make a shirt D. she would had made a coat9. If I _ you, I _ more attention to English idioms and phrases.A. was; shall pay B. am; will payC. would be; would payD. were; would pay10. Had I known her name, _A. or does she know mine? B. and where does she live?C. she would be beautiful.D. I would have invited her to lunch.【答案&解析】1. C 2. C 3. D 4. C 5. D 6. B 7.B 8. B 9.D 10. D1. It is strange that是主語(yǔ)從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，從句用sb. should do的形式。2. suggest后面的從句用sb. should do的形式，should可以省略。3. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣。wish從句后接虛擬語(yǔ)氣。could have done表示“本來(lái)可以”。4. in advance表示“事先”， would have done表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。5. wish的賓語(yǔ)從句表示發(fā)生在將來(lái)的愿望用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。6. wish后面用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。7. 條件句表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，主句用過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)，從句用