連貫與銜接.doc

連貫與銜接1.列舉法列舉的模式通常是主題句-example 1 -example 2 -example 3列舉時(shí)常用for example, for instance, such as, like,thus, takeas an example, to illustrate 等詞語(yǔ).2.分類(lèi)法一般是在主題句之后，依次羅列段落指示詞所表達(dá)的幾個(gè)部分或幾個(gè)方面。然后，選用豐富的事例對(duì)所羅列的各個(gè)部分或各個(gè)方面進(jìn)行具體地說(shuō)明或解釋。分類(lèi)時(shí)常用：most of all， next，moreover， in addition，besides，furthermore，to begin with，to start with，first of all，first，second，third3. 因果關(guān)系在段落一開(kāi)頭，就用主題句點(diǎn)明其因果關(guān)系，然后選用有關(guān)材料，客觀的羅列某些原因或結(jié)果，以闡述中心思想。因果關(guān)系常用語(yǔ)匯: because of, so, owing to, thanks to, thus, as a result of, hence, for this reason, consequently, is caused by, lead to, result in4比較法主題句必須明確表明所要比較的對(duì)象和所要比較的范圍，實(shí)際上就是羅列兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上比較對(duì)象的相同點(diǎn)。 Learning English is like building a house. Laying a solid foundation is the first and most important step. In other words, you should read and speak English every day. Memorizing new words and phrases is also helpful. Like building a house, learning English takes some time. So dont be impatient. Remember, Rome wasnt built in a day.常用語(yǔ)匯：at the same time, similar to, accordingly, both, show a degree of similarity, similarly, the same as, and too, in the same way, in a like manner5舉例法列舉事實(shí)或舉出實(shí)例來(lái)說(shuō)明中心思想, 是簡(jiǎn)單易行、具有說(shuō)服力的寫(xiě)作方法。Communicating with other people by telephone is very convenient, especially when you have something urgent. For example, if one of your family members is seriously ill at night, and you dont know how to deal with it and where to find a doctor, what can you do? A telephone is the answer. Dial 120 and you will get services from the hospital very soon.4英語(yǔ)作文中的常用句型 1.With the rapid development of science and technology (market economy/information industry) an increasing number of people come to realize that . 2.Currently there is a widespread concern over（ how to keep mentally healthy）/ over the issue that( it pays to be honest ). Some people are firmly in favor of the opinion that it is of the great significance and importance . 3. Recently the issue of ( the witness account of the traffic accident ) has brought public attention. As a matter of fact, the opinion concerning this topic varies from person to person 4.When it comes to ( the developing of the vast western regions ), Most people believe ( hold, insist, maintain, argue, are of , consider, think/ are in favor of) 5.There is no wonder ( denying, knowing ,predicting, doubt, question) among people that 6.It goes without saying that 7.As far as ( I am ) be concerned, I believe that it is of great benefit/importance/ significance/ no value to do解釋原因，論證論點(diǎn)句型 1.A large number of factors could account for this opinion. Firstly/in the first place. Secondly/ in the second place , 2.Among the most convincing reasons given, one should be mentioned that.( reason one ) And also the following is always cited to support the idea that ( reason two ) 3.There are many reasons contributing to / leading to / accounting for / causing/ responsible for this opinion. For one thing, . For another thing, . 4.The explanation for this phenomenon of involves a large variety of complicated factors as follows: on the one hand. On the other hand,.駁斥，比較論點(diǎn)的句型 1.There is a certain amount of the truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to 2.Wonderful as it is, however, it has its own disadvantage too. For instance, 3.As a popular saying /proverb goes: “every coins has two sides.” it is the same when it comes to .一，開(kāi)頭句型1.As far as .is concerned2.It goes without saying that.3.It can be said with certainty that.4.As the proverb says5.It has to be noticed that.6.Its generally recognized that.7.Its likely that8.Its hardly that.Its hardly too much to say that.What calls for special attention is that.需要特別注意的是Theres no denying the fact that.毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，無(wú)可否認(rèn)Nothing is more important than the fact that.whats far more important is that. 二，銜接句型A case in point is .As is often the case.As stated in the previous paragraph如前段所述But the problem is not so simple. Therefore然而問(wèn)題并非如此簡(jiǎn)單，所以But its a pity that.For all that.In spite of the fact that.Further, we hold opinion that.However , the difficulty lies in.Similarly, we should pay attention to.not(that).but(that).不是，而是In view of the present situation.鑒于目前形勢(shì)As has been mentioned above.In this respect, we many as well (say)從這個(gè)角度上我們可以說(shuō)However, we have to look at the other side of the coin, that is.然而我們還得看到事物的另一方面三 結(jié)尾句型 1.Based on the previous convincing analysis, a conclusion can be easily drawn that 2. In a word/ to sum up/ to conclude/ in conclusion/in short/ no one can deny the following idea that 3.As a result, all available evidence points to the fact that 4.Although there are several different attitudes, undoubtedly the advantages outweigh the disadvantages. 5.It goes without saying that the more , the more結(jié)尾段常用的詞語(yǔ) Therefore In short Finally In summary In a word On the whole To conclude In brief In all In conclusion It can be concluded that All this suggest that四銜接詞 列舉：on the one hand, . on the other hand, ; for one thing, . for another thing, .In the first place, . In the second place, . In the third place, .; first and foremost, secondly, last but not the least等 遞進(jìn)：whats more; furthermore; moreover; more often than not; even worse; most important of all. in addition.等 例證：a case in point is, take it for example that , for instance/ example, such as, as follows 轉(zhuǎn)折：however, on the contrary, conversely, at the same time, as a matter of fact, unfortunately 銜換：to be frank/ frankly speaking, needless to say, generally speaking, in one sense/ in a way/ to some degree/ to some extent, believe it or not, that is等 結(jié)果：consequently, as a result, for this reason, therefore/hence, as a consequence. 比較：similarly, likewise, in the same way, in a like manner; by contrast to/with, in contrast, on the contrary, instead ( of )，vise versa. 總結(jié)：in a word, all in all, to sum up, in conclusion, as has been said, in a short, in brief.5英語(yǔ)四級(jí)作文佳詞替換及妙句30例想在四六級(jí)考試中寫(xiě)出好文章?那么用詞是非常重要的一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)。詞匯使用得當(dāng)，不僅使文章更生動(dòng)，也是評(píng)分時(shí)的加分亮點(diǎn)。以下向各位四六級(jí)考生提供考試三十組考試中可頻繁使用的優(yōu)美詞匯及例句?？荚嚂r(shí)用上它們，以替代你現(xiàn)有的普通詞匯，可以瞬間點(diǎn)亮平淡無(wú)奇的文章。 1.individuals,characters, folks替換people ,persons2: positive, favorable, rosy (美好的)，promising (有希望的)，perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding, superior替換good3:dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill (有害的)替換bad 如果bad做表語(yǔ)，可以有be less impressive替換Eg.An army of college students indulge themselves in playing games, enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing time passively in their dorms. When it approaches to graduation ,as a result, they find their academic records are less impressive.4.(an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of ,a host of, many, if not most)替換many.注：用many, if not most 一定要小心，many后一定要有詞。Eg. Many individuals, if not most, harbor the idea that.同理 用most, if not all ,替換most.5: a slice of, quiet a few , several替換some6:harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that)替think (因?yàn)槭菚?shū)面語(yǔ)，所以要加that)7:affair ,business ,matter 替換thing8: shared 代 common9.reap huge fruits 替換get many benefits )10:for my part ,from my own perspective 替換 in my opinion11:Increasing(ly),growing 替換more and more( 注意沒(méi)有g(shù)rowingly這種形式。所以當(dāng)修飾名詞時(shí)用increasing/growing.修飾形容詞，副詞用increasingly.Eg.sth has gained growing popularity.Sth is increasingly popular with the advancement of sth.12.little if anything, 或little or nothing替換hardly 13.beneficial, rewarding替換helpful14.shopper,client,consumer,purchaser, 替換customer15.exceedingly,extremely, intensely 替換very16.hardly necessary, hardly inevitable . 替換 unnecessary, avoidable17.sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替換sb take interest in / sb. be interested in18.capture ones attention替換attract ones attention.19.facet,demension,sphere代aspect20.be indicative of ,be suggestive of ,be fearful of代 indicate, suggest ,fear21.give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替換cause22. There are several reasons behind sth 替換.reasons for sth23.desire 替換want24.pour attention into 替換pay attention to25.bear in mind that 替換remember26. enjoy, possess 替換have(注意process是過(guò)程的意思)27. interaction替換communication28.frown on sth替換 be against , disagree with sth29.to name only a few, as an example替換 for example, for instance30. next to / virtually impossible,替換nearly / almost impossible6常用寫(xiě)作關(guān)鍵詞和短語(yǔ)數(shù)量詞一些a range of ; a variety of ; a series of ; an array of無(wú)數(shù)innumerable ; countless許多plenty of ; many ; much ; a great deal of ; a lot of ; ample非常多(大)的tremendous依序列舉list in sequence時(shí)間詞過(guò)時(shí)的outdated ; antiquated ; outmoded ; obsolete ; anachronistic短暫的ephemeral ; transitory ; transient ; short-lived不合時(shí)宜的anachronism可持久的durable ; able to stand wear ; last a long time一再time after time ; again and again初始的preliminary前述的aforementioned ; aforesaid ; former自古到今from ancient times to the present day ; down through the ages年輕人young people ; youngster ; youth ; young adult老式的old-fashioned ; out of date ; dated偶爾from time to time ; now and then ; once in a while ; at times時(shí)常often ; frequently ; repeatedly永遠(yuǎn)的eternal ; perpetual ; lasting throughout life重整辦事優(yōu)先順序reshape priorities目前so far ; by far一次就可完成的事one-time event正/反意見(jiàn)(opinion)罵yell at ; reprimand ; chide ; scold ; reprove支持support ; endorse ; back up ; uphold譴責(zé)condemn ; express strong disapproval of錯(cuò)的mistaken ; erroneous ; wrong incorrect錯(cuò)事wrongdoing ; had acts ; misbehavior做相反的do the reverse of ; do the opposite歸咎blameon ; put the blame on ; is to blame瓦解disintegrate ; break up ; separate into small parts支持某一方in favor of ; on the side of不會(huì)犯錯(cuò)的infallible意見(jiàn)不和clashes of opinion一致的unanimous ; in complete agreement不恰當(dāng)inappropriate ; improper ; unsuitable ; inadequate批判criticize ; blame; find fault with ; make judgments of the merits and faults of我們想念we are convinced that; we are certain that.我愿意I incline to; I am inclined to; I am willing to; I tend to有用的useful ; of use; serviceable; good for; instrumental; productive有意義的meaningful; fulfilling他們不愿承認(rèn)這一點(diǎn)they have always been reluctant to admit this在大家同意下by common consent of否定deny; withhold; negate承認(rèn)admit; acknowledge; confess; concede于事無(wú)補(bǔ)of no help; of no avail; no use使受益benefit; do good to; is good for; is of great benefit to想法frame of mind; mind set; the way one is thinking想出come up with找出come up with; find out利用use; take advantage of夸耀brag about; boast about; show off; speak too highly of照顧take care of; take charge of; attend to; watch over對(duì)很了解have a deep knowledge of對(duì)抗權(quán)威stand up against authority; resisit boldly the authority對(duì)有信心have confidence in說(shuō)清楚articulate; verbalize; put in words; utter接受之美意embrace the offer of累積amass; accumulate; heap up; assemble連系tact; get in touch with; contact with排除這可能性rule out the possibility等于is equivalent to; equal選擇choose; elect; opt for; pick; single out發(fā)出deliver; give out; hand over繞路detour; take a detour; take a roundabout way禁止進(jìn)入is kept out; is barred from小看make little of壞了out of order; on the blink; is not working分別distinguish between; make a distinction between; tellfrom依靠count on; depend on忽視neglect; give too little care to存在come to be; come into existence; come to birth; come into being考慮consider; take into consideration; take into account考慮到in consideration of用盡力氣exhaust ones strength; use up ones strength開(kāi)動(dòng)initiate; set going準(zhǔn)備brace for; prepare for在于lie in; rest on; rest with主動(dòng)take the initiative不算exclusive of; not counting; leaving out應(yīng)該得到deserve; have right to; is worthy of避免avoid; shun; get around; circumvent幻想fantasy; play of the mind以此標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來(lái)算by this criterion; by this standard乍看之下at first glance面對(duì)in the face of; in the presence of以by means of; by virtue of; by the use of不惜代價(jià)at all costs每況愈下from bad to worse承受錯(cuò)誤造成的后果in reaping the harvest of his mistakes取得同意get the go-ahead to不擇手段unscrupulously; by hook or by crook想法與作法beliefs and practices內(nèi)情ins and outs; turns and twists關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻the critical moment雖然although; notwithstanding; albeit; though根據(jù)according to; on the basis of; on the ground of (that); in the light of; in line with; in accordance with逃避問(wèn)題evade the question增大enlarge; extend; aggrandize澄清clarify; make clear賠償compensate for; giveas compensation for實(shí)現(xiàn)carry out; implement; realize; makecome true假定suppose; assume; postulate; hypothesize極端的radical; extreme極端的措施drastic measures剩下的the rest; the remainder; what is left換言之in other words; put another way結(jié)果result; aftermath; consequence優(yōu)點(diǎn)advantage; strength; strong point; merit; benefit簡(jiǎn)言之put simply; in short; in brief; in a nutshell舉例而言for instance; for example; to illustrate; let us cite 特別是an illustration; to cite a concrete case特別是especially; more than others; particularly; in particular既然now that; seeing that跡象inkling; hint; clue; a slight suggestion缺點(diǎn)disadvantage; demerit; shortcoming; drawback; weakness除去do away with; eliminate; remove; get rid of缺少for lack of; for a deficiency of畢竟after all; all in all范圍scope; field; realm潛力potential;行為conduct; behavior; doings隔絕isolate; insulate分辨出identify; recognize不易懂的elusive; hard to understand展開(kāi)unfold回饋feedback主導(dǎo)的人物a dominant figure; a controlling man; the most influential person觀點(diǎn)viewpoint; point of view; perspective; standpoint正在進(jìn)行中is underway只是一種姿態(tài)is merely a gesture立場(chǎng)position; stand; stance意向inclination; leaning; intention特權(quán)privilege; a special right來(lái)自stem from; come from一件事的不同說(shuō)法alternative statements of fact交織intertwine; interweave好奇心the eager desire to know; curiosity尊敬respect; esteem; think highly of頑固的headstrong; obstinate; stubborn暗淡的gloomy; dark; dim巨大的huge; gigantic; colossal; vast; enormous; tremendous探索explore; fathom執(zhí)行carry out; execute; do現(xiàn)代modern times; modern age; contemporary age偏見(jiàn)prejudice; bias; partiality; predilection混亂chaos; commotion; confusion; disturbance; tumult無(wú)彈性(僵硬)rigid無(wú)缺點(diǎn)的flawless; airtight無(wú)藥可救incurable無(wú)法避免的unavoidable; inevitable細(xì)密的計(jì)劃elaborate plan取消cancel; annul; abolish解藥a cure for; a remedy for;謎puzzle; riddle; enigma機(jī)會(huì)平等equality of opportunity較有影響力的國(guó)家a predominant country遵守abide by; conform to; observe; comply with熱情的passionate; ardent; zealous模糊的ambiguous; vague; obscure影響長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的far-reaching失望despair; loss of hope; without hope幼稚childish; childlike; naive挑剔的picky; choosy; fastidious破壞destroy; ruin; break to pieces; devastate技巧的skillful; adept; dexterous警覺(jué)的alert; watchful; on guard; wary of忍受bear; put up with; endure; stand證據(jù)evidence; facts; proof; grounds; testimony很容易地easily; with little problem; with little hindrance令人驚訝的amazing; astonishing; astounding生動(dòng)的報(bào)導(dǎo)vivid description爭(zhēng)取compete for; try hard to win遺產(chǎn)heritage; legacy; inheritance保護(hù)protect; safeguard; preserve; shelter了解understand; comprehend; catch the meaning of; catch on匯露reveal; make known; disclose放大amplify; magnify; enlarge動(dòng)力impetus; driving force; momentum自滿的complacent第一流的first-rate; excellent安全處refuge; asylum; haven; sanctuary強(qiáng)調(diào)emphasize; stress; highlight短視的決定short-sighted decision真正的genuine; authentic; real怪異的eccentric; peculiar; odd明顯的distinct; clear; explicit; obvious得到的注意capture ones attention事事干涉的meddlesome; interfering背景setting; background假的fake; false; counterfeit夸大報(bào)導(dǎo)dramatize退步setback古人the ancients古老的old; ancient; 逃犯infringe (on); violate使害怕intimidate; frighten帶來(lái)生氣enliven對(duì)手rival吸引人的intriguing旁觀者onlooker準(zhǔn)確地說(shuō)to be exact; to be precise; precisely突然醒悟it dawned on me that仔細(xì)思考之后after long deliberation; after careful thought對(duì)比及其相關(guān)用詞可互換的interchangeable可與相比is comparable with (to)普遍的prevailing; common; prevalent是一個(gè)對(duì)比is a sharp contrast to比作is likened to; is compared to多樣化的heterogeneous單一性的homogeneous一般而言in general; generally speaking; by and large滿于現(xiàn)狀be happy with what you are預(yù)測(cè)未來(lái)project into the future另一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)是 another way of looking at the matter is不宜取笑 it is not decent to make fun of評(píng)估社會(huì)文化因素 assess (evaluate) sociocultural factors那并非說(shuō) that does not mean that那有這回事 there is no such thing as一個(gè)有待克服的困難是 a major hurdle for us to overcome is由造成 caused by; attributable to; due to; resulting from由組成 is made up of; is comprised of; consist必須從兩方面考慮此問(wèn)題this problem needs to be considered on two dimensions:限制limit; restrict; refrain; restrain; keep within limits; confine; keep in check一般人認(rèn)為 conventional wisdom suggests that這方法有陷阱the method had pitfalls:說(shuō)服convince; persuade; cause to believe具體的specific; concrete; tangible刻意的intentional; on purpose; intended費(fèi)時(shí)間去了解take time to acquaint oneself with是此問(wèn)題的核心 is at the root of the issue無(wú)法估計(jì)is beyond calculation; incalculable無(wú)資格的disqualified常用的句型 開(kāi)頭 Recently, the problem of has aroused peoples concern. 最近,問(wèn)題已引起人