2011年中考英語虛擬語氣.doc

初中英語輔導(dǎo)網(wǎng)中考英語語法大全虛擬語氣虛擬語氣 1) 概念 虛擬語氣用來表示說話人的主觀愿望或假想，所說的是一個(gè)條件，不一定是事實(shí)，或與事實(shí)相反。 2) 在條件句中的應(yīng)用 條件句可分為兩類，一類為真實(shí)條件句，一類為非真實(shí)條件句。非真實(shí)條件句表示的是假設(shè)的或?qū)嶋H可能性不大的情況，故采用虛擬語氣。 16.1 真實(shí)條件句 真實(shí)條件句用于陳述語氣，假設(shè)的情況可能發(fā)生，其中 if 是如果的意思。 時(shí)態(tài)關(guān)系 句型： 條件從句 主句 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) shall/will + 動(dòng)詞原形 If he comes, he will bring his violin. 典型例題 The volleyball match will be put off if it _. A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained 答案B。真實(shí)條件句主句為將來時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。注意： 1) 在真實(shí)條件句中，主句不能用be going to表示將來，該用shall, will. (錯(cuò)) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it. (對(duì)) If you leave now, you will never regret it. 2) 表示真理時(shí)，主句謂語動(dòng)詞便不用shall (will) +動(dòng)詞原形，而直接用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的動(dòng)詞形式。16.2 非真實(shí)條件句 1) 時(shí)態(tài)：可以表示過去，現(xiàn)在和將來的情況。它的基本特點(diǎn)是時(shí)態(tài)退后。 a. 同現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。 句型 ： 條件從句主句 一般過去時(shí)should( would) +動(dòng)詞原形 If they were here, they would help you. b. 表示于過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。 句型： 條件從句 主句 過去完成時(shí) should(would) have+ 過去分詞 If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded. The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful. If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going. If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it. 含義：He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it. If he had not been ill and missed many classes, he would have made greater progress. 含義： He was ill and missed many lessons, so he did not make greater progress. c. 表示對(duì)將來的假想 句型： 條件從句 主句 一般過去時(shí) should+ 動(dòng)詞原形 were+ 不定式 would + 動(dòng)詞原形 should+ 動(dòng)詞原形 If you succeeded, everything would be all right. If you should succeed, everything would be all right. If you were to succeed, everything would be all right. 16.3 混合條件句 主句與從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在不同的時(shí)間，這時(shí)主，從句謂語動(dòng)詞的虛擬語氣形式因時(shí)間不同而不同，這叫做混合條件句。 If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. (從句與過去事實(shí)相反，主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。) If it had rained last night (過去), it would be very cold today (現(xiàn)在). 16.4 虛擬條件句的倒裝 虛擬條件句的從句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可將if省略，再把were, should或had 移到從句句首，實(shí)行倒裝。 Were they here now, they could help us. =If they were here now, they could help us. Had you come earlier, you would have met him =If you had come earlier, you would have met him. Should it rain, the crops would be saved. =Were it to rain, the crops would be saved. 注意： 在虛擬語氣的從句中，動(dòng)詞be的過去時(shí)態(tài)一律用were，不用was，即在從句中be用were代替。 If I were you, I would go to look for him. 如果我是你，就會(huì)去找他。 If he were here, everything would be all right. 如果他在這兒，一切都會(huì)好的。 典型例題 _ to do the work, I should do it some other day. A. If were I B. I wereC. Were ID. Was I 答案C. 在虛擬條件狀語中如果有were, should, had這三個(gè)詞，通常將if省略，主語提前, 變成 were, should, had +主語的形式。但要注意，在虛擬條件狀語從句中，省略連詞的倒裝形式的句首不能用動(dòng)詞的縮略形式。如我們可說Were I not to do., 而不能說Werent I to do. 16.5 特殊的虛擬語氣詞：should 1) It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞要用should 加動(dòng)詞原形， should 可省略。 句型： (1) suggested It is (2)importantthat+ (should) do (3) a pity (1) suggested, ordered, proposed, required, demanded, requested, insisted；+ (should) do (2) important, necessary, natural, strange a pity, a shame, no wonder (3) It is suggested that we (should) hold a meeting next week. It is necessary that he (should) come to our meeting tomorrow. 2) 在賓語從句中的應(yīng)用 在表示命令、建議、要求等一類動(dòng)詞后面的從句中。 order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + (should) do I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week. He insisted that he (should ) be sent there. 注意： 如suggest, insist不表示建議 或堅(jiān)持要某人做某事時(shí)，即它們用于其本意暗示、表明、堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為時(shí)，賓語從句用陳述語氣。 The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules. 判斷改錯(cuò): (錯(cuò)) You pale face suggests that you (should) be ill. (對(duì)) Your pale face suggests that you are ill. (錯(cuò)) I insisted that you ( should) be wrong. (對(duì)) I insisted that you were wrong. 3) 在表語從句，同位語從句中的應(yīng)用 在suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名詞后面的表語從句、同位語從句中要用虛擬語氣，即(should)+動(dòng)詞原形。 My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference. I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week. 16.6 wish的用法 1) 用于wish后面的從句，表示與事實(shí)相反的情況，或表示將來不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。其賓語從句的動(dòng)詞形式為： 真實(shí)狀況wish后 從句動(dòng)作先于主句動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作現(xiàn)在時(shí)過去時(shí) (be的過去式為 were)從句動(dòng)作與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生過去時(shí)過去完成時(shí) (had + 過去分詞) 將來不大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望將來時(shí)would/could + 動(dòng)詞原形 I wish I were as tall as you. 我希望和你一樣高。 He wished he hadnt said that. 他希望他沒講那樣的話。 I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。 2) Wish to do表達(dá)法。 Wish sb / sth to do I wish to see the manager. = I want to see the manager. I wish the manager to be informed at once. (= I want the manager to be informed at once.) 16.7 比較if only與only if only if表示只有；if only則表示如果就好了。If only也可用于陳述語氣。 I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有鬧鐘響了，我才會(huì)醒。 If only the alarm clock had rung. 當(dāng)時(shí)鬧鐘響了，就好了。 If only he comes early. 但愿他早點(diǎn)回來。 16.8 It is (high) time that It is (high) time that 后面的從句謂語動(dòng)詞要用過去式或用should加動(dòng)詞原形，但should不可省略。 It is time that the children went to bed. It is high time that the children should go to bed. 16.9 need 不必做和本不該做 didnt need to do表示：過去不必做某事, 事實(shí)上也沒做。. neednt have done表示：過去不必做某事, 但事實(shí)上做了。 John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she didnt need to walk back home. 約翰開車去車站接瑪麗，所以她不必步行回家了。 John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she neednt have walked back home. 約翰開車去車站接瑪麗，所以她本不必步行回家了。(Mary步行回家，沒有遇上John的車。) 典型例題 There was plenty of time. She _. A. mustnt have hurried B. couldnt have hurried C. must not hurry D. neednt have hurried 答案D。neednt have done. 意為本不必，即已經(jīng)做了某事，而時(shí)實(shí)際上不必要。 Mustnt have done 用法不正確，對(duì)過去發(fā)生的事情進(jìn)行否定性推斷應(yīng)為couldnt have done, 不可能已經(jīng)。 must not do 不可以 (用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))。 初中英語虛擬語氣常見用法虛擬語氣(Subjunctive Mood)這一語法項(xiàng)目是各類英語考試中心測(cè)試的重點(diǎn)之一。虛擬語氣是一種特殊的動(dòng)詞形式，用來表示說話人所說的話并不是事實(shí)，而是一種假設(shè)、愿望、懷疑或推測(cè)。 用以表示虛擬條件的虛擬語氣 用if條件從句表示的虛擬條件，是虛擬條件最普通的方式。 虛擬現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，其if 從句的謂語形式用動(dòng)詞的過去式(be 一般用were)，主句用would/ should/ could/ might +動(dòng)詞原形，例如：If I were in your position I would marry her. 虛擬過去時(shí)是表示與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，if 從句的謂語形式用過去完成時(shí)即had過去分詞，主句用would / should / could / might + have +過去分詞，例如：If it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis. 大多數(shù)的虛擬條件句屬于上面三種情況的一種，但并不排除存在條件和后果中，一個(gè)和現(xiàn)在情況相反，另一個(gè)和過去情況相反，例如：If you had followed what the doctor said, you would not have been so painful now.這個(gè)句子在高中出現(xiàn)頻率頗高。 但是，如果后果用了虛擬語氣，而條件卻用陳述語氣，這種用法是錯(cuò)的。 除了表示虛假條件外，if從句還可以表示對(duì)將來的推測(cè)，由于是將來還沒有發(fā)生的，所以談不上是真實(shí)的還是虛假的，只能說這個(gè)事情發(fā)生的可能性有多大。一般情況下，可以用陳述語氣的if從句來表示對(duì)一個(gè)未來事實(shí)的推測(cè)，這個(gè)事實(shí)是完全可能發(fā)生的。If從句的謂語形式用一般過去式或用were to / should +動(dòng)詞原形，主句用would / should /could/ might +動(dòng)詞原形，例如：Jean doesnt want to work right away because she thinks that if she were to get a job she probably wouldnt be able to see her friends very often.（1996年1月四級(jí)第44題） 有時(shí)可以把含有助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、be或have的虛擬條件句中的連詞if 省去，而將had , should, were 等詞提到主語之前，即用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),這時(shí)候，如果出現(xiàn)not等否定詞，否定詞需放在主語后面。這種結(jié)構(gòu)在口語中很少使用，但頻頻出現(xiàn)在各類考試中出現(xiàn)，例如：If it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis.Had it not rained so hard yesterday, we could have played tennis. 大多數(shù)的虛擬條件通過上面所講的兩種方法表達(dá)，但在個(gè)別句子中也可以通過介詞without和介詞短語but for表達(dá)，副詞otherwise等表達(dá)出來。例如：We didnt know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.（1995年6月四級(jí)第46題）值得注意的是，包含but for的句子，謂語動(dòng)詞必定要用虛擬形式，但包含without等短語的句子，謂語動(dòng)詞未必一定要用虛擬語氣。 有時(shí)虛擬條件不是明確地表達(dá)出來，而在蘊(yùn)含在用but引導(dǎo)的從句里，于是便出現(xiàn)了有謂語動(dòng)詞是虛擬語氣的主句加上謂語動(dòng)詞是陳述語氣的but從句構(gòu)成的并列復(fù)合句，例如I would have hung you but the telephone was out of order.在這樣的句子里，如果主句沒有用虛擬語氣，或者從句用了虛擬語氣，都是錯(cuò)的。 用在賓語從句中的虛擬語氣 在表示愿望的動(dòng)詞wish后的賓語從句中，需用虛擬語氣。（wish后的that 常省略），根據(jù)主句時(shí)態(tài)，從句謂語時(shí)態(tài)相應(yīng)退后一位，例如：How she wished his family could go with him. 在具有愿望、請(qǐng)求、建議、命令等主觀意愿的動(dòng)詞(desire, demand, advice, insist, require, suggest, propose, order, recommend, decide ) 后的賓語從句中需用虛擬語氣。謂語動(dòng)詞用(should) +動(dòng)詞原形。值得注意的是，如果賓語從句的動(dòng)詞是否定的，否定詞not的位置應(yīng)在動(dòng)詞之前，而不是動(dòng)詞之后。例如：The head nurse insisted that the patient not be move.另外，如suggest表達(dá)“暗示”，insist表示“堅(jiān)持某種說法”時(shí)，后面的從句不用虛擬語氣，例如：Her pale face suggests that she is ill.或He insisted that he did not kill the boy. 除此之外，上述動(dòng)詞也要求用虛擬式 在It is+上述動(dòng)詞的過去分詞，其后所跟的主語從句中，如It is suggested that pupils wear school uniforms. 在上述動(dòng)詞相應(yīng)的名詞形式作主語+連系動(dòng)詞，其后的表語從句中，例如His suggestion was that classed be re-scheduled. 在對(duì)上述動(dòng)詞相應(yīng)的名詞進(jìn)行解釋的同位語從句中，如：The workers raised the demand that their pay be increased to cope with the inflation. would （had）rather , would sooner也用來表達(dá)主觀愿望，它們之后的賓語從句中需用虛擬語氣。謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?，用過去完成式表示與過去事實(shí)相反，例如：I would rather he went right now. 其他形式的虛擬語氣 it is +necessary等形容詞后，that主語從句中虛擬形式使用，這類形容詞包括necessary, important, essential, imperative, urgent, preferable, vital, advisable等，例如It is necessary that you listen to the teacher carefully.或者It is essential that you be able to pronounce every single word correctly. 在Its (high/about) time 之后的定語從句中需用虛擬語氣。謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式，例如It is high time that you went to school 虛擬語氣在as if / as though 引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句中的應(yīng)用（謂語動(dòng)詞形式與wish后的賓語從句基本相同）表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在情況有懷疑，謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式。例如：He felt as if he alone were responsible for what had happened. 表示過去想象中的動(dòng)作或情況，謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成式。 在lest 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞多用虛擬語氣，(should )+ 動(dòng)詞原形。例如： The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself.（1998年1月四級(jí)第38題） 在if only 引起的感嘆句中需用虛擬語氣。謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式或過去完成式。例如： Look at the terrible situation I am in! if only I had followed your advice.英語基礎(chǔ)語法解讀虛擬語氣 虛擬語氣(Subjunctive Mood)是動(dòng)詞的一種特殊形式，用來表達(dá)說話人的愿望、請(qǐng)求、意圖、建議、驚奇、設(shè)想等。虛擬語氣這一語法項(xiàng)目幾乎是四、六級(jí)必考的內(nèi)容，也是各類英語考試中心測(cè)試的重點(diǎn)之一，考生應(yīng)該熟練掌握。下面從五個(gè)方面介紹虛擬語氣的用法。 第一部分：語氣的定義和種類 第二部分：簡(jiǎn)單句中的虛擬語氣 第三部分：名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣 第四部分：條件句中的虛擬語氣 第五部分：其他幾種情況下的虛擬語氣 第一部分：語氣的定義和種類 1 語氣(mood) 語氣是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，表示說話人對(duì)某一行為或事情的看法和態(tài)度。 2 語氣的種類 、陳述語氣：表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)是現(xiàn)實(shí)的、確定的或符合事實(shí)的，用于陳述句、疑問句和某些感嘆句。如： There are two sides to every question.每個(gè)問題都有兩個(gè)方面。 Were you busy all day yesterday? 昨天一整天你都很忙嗎？ How good a teacher she is! 她是多好的一位老師啊！ 、祈使語氣：表示說話人對(duì)對(duì)方的請(qǐng)求或命令。如： Never be late again!再也不要遲到了。 Dont forget to turn off the light.別忘了關(guān)燈。 、虛擬語氣：表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)不是客觀存在的事實(shí)，而是說話人的主觀愿望、假設(shè)或推測(cè)等。如： If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鳥，我就能在空中飛行。 星沙英語I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通過考試。 May you succeed!祝您成功！ 虛擬語氣在語法里算得上是個(gè)難點(diǎn)。讓我們就從最簡(jiǎn)單的開始吧。 第二部分：簡(jiǎn)單句中的虛擬語氣 一、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過去式用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，表示說話人的謙虛、客氣、有禮貌、或委婉的語氣，常用于日常會(huì)話中。如： .Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office?請(qǐng)你告訴我去郵局的路好嗎？ .It would be better for you not to stay up too late.你最好別熬夜到很晚。 二、表祝愿。 1、常用“may+動(dòng)詞原形”表示祝愿，但愿，此時(shí)may須置于句首（多用于正式文體中）。 、May good luck be yours!祝你好運(yùn)！ 、May you be happy!祝你快樂！ 、May you do even better!祝你取得更大成就！ 、May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。 、May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我們的友情天長(zhǎng)地久。 、May you be happy. (注意那個(gè)be ) 祝你幸福。 （7）May the world be filled with love! 讓世界充滿愛！ 2、用動(dòng)詞原形。例如： (1).Long live the people! 人民萬歲！ (2).“God bless you,”said the priest.牧師說：“愿上帝保佑你！” (3).Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快！ 三、表示強(qiáng)烈愿望。（該類型虛擬語氣謂語僅用動(dòng)詞原形，第三人稱單數(shù)也不加“s”） (1).God save me (2).Heaven help us 四、表命令 1.命令虛擬語氣只能用在第二人稱(you)，而且通常省略主語(也就是you)。 2.句子尾通常加上感嘆號(hào)：！ 3.虛擬語氣動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)(Simple Present)，如：work, be , go 4.否定形式的命令語氣，可用助動(dòng)詞do，加上not。 (1). Work ! (2). Work harder ! (3). Be more alert ! (虛擬語氣動(dòng)詞Be) (4). You go out ! (5). Do not work so hard. (do not 表示否定的虛擬語氣) (6). Dont be afraid. (口語中常用dont 代替do not) 五、在一些習(xí)慣表達(dá)中。如： (1).Youd better set off now.你最好現(xiàn)在就出發(fā)。 (2).Id rather not tell you the secret.我情愿不告訴你這個(gè)秘密。 第三部分：名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣 第一節(jié)：賓語從句(Subordinate Clauses)中的虛擬語氣 一、在動(dòng)詞wish后的賓語從句中的虛擬語氣 在動(dòng)詞wish后的賓語從句中的虛擬語氣，常省去賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞that。 一）、對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬（與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反）： 從句用過去式或過去進(jìn)行式(時(shí)間上是同時(shí)的)。其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為：賓語從句的謂語be和were(was)，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用過去式。例： 1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the question.(wish, 動(dòng)詞過去式knew)我希望知道這個(gè)答案。(事實(shí)上是不知道) 2. I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.(wish, were)但愿我的家鄉(xiāng)四季如春。(事實(shí)上不可能) 3. I wish I were a bird.(wish, were)但愿我是只小鳥。(事實(shí)上不可能) 4. When she was at the party, she wished she were at home.(wished,過去虛擬動(dòng)詞were)(事實(shí)上并不在家) 5. Now that he is in China, he wishes he understood Chinese.(wishes,過去虛擬動(dòng)詞understood) 現(xiàn)在他在中國(guó)，他希望能懂得中文。(事實(shí)上并不懂) 6. When we begin the trip, they will wish they were with us.(will wish,過去虛擬動(dòng)詞were)(事實(shí)上并不和我們?cè)谝黄? 二）、對(duì)過去情況的虛擬（和過去的事實(shí)相反）： 用wish表示對(duì)過去事情的遺憾。其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為：賓語從句的謂語用過去完成時(shí)，或would, could, might+現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。例： 1. I wish (that可省略，下同)I hadnt wasted so much time. 我后悔不該浪費(fèi)這么多時(shí)間。(事實(shí)上已浪費(fèi)了) 2. He wishes he hadnt lost the chance. 他真希望沒有失去機(jī)會(huì)。(其實(shí)已失去) 3. We wished he had spoken to us. (wished，had + spoken)(事實(shí)上他并沒同我們講) 4. I wish you had called earlier. (wish, had + called)(事實(shí)上已遲了) 5. They will wish they had listened to us sooner. (will wish ,had + listened)(事實(shí)上并不如此) 例題分析：I wish I _ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class. A. could have slept B. sleptC. might have sleptD. have slept 動(dòng)詞wish后面接從句，表達(dá)不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)或與事實(shí)相反的情況時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語氣，即用過去式（表示現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作）或過去完成式（表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作）。本題后半句謂語動(dòng)詞have用的是過去時(shí)had to get up and come, 所以前面要用過去完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。所以, 選項(xiàng)A)could have slept是答案 三）、對(duì)將來情況的虛擬(表示將來的主觀愿望)： 從句動(dòng)詞would/should/could/might + 動(dòng)詞原形(時(shí)間上較后)(請(qǐng)注意：主句和從句的主語不相同)。用wish表示對(duì)將來事情的愿望。例： 1. I wish it would stop raining.(虛擬動(dòng)詞would+動(dòng)詞原形stop) 我希望雨能停止。(事實(shí)上雨還在下著呢) 2. I wish you would be quiet.(would + be) 我希望你安靜一些。(事實(shí)上那家伙還在吵著呢) 3. You wished she would arrive the next day.(would + arrive) 你希望她第二天會(huì)到。(事實(shí)上她還沒到) 4. I wish she would change her mind.(would + change) 我希望她會(huì)改變主意。(呵呵，女孩子可沒那么容易就改變主意喔) 5. He will wish we would join him the following week.(would + join) (只是希望我們和他在一起，實(shí)際上還沒在一起) 四）、注意： 1.如果將wish改為過去式wished, 其后that 從句中的動(dòng)詞形式不變。例如： I wished I hadnt spent so much money. 我要是那時(shí)沒有花掉那么多錢就好了。 2. 如果that 從句中用would , 一般表示對(duì)現(xiàn)狀不滿或希望未來有所改變或請(qǐng)求 I wish he would answer my letter. I wish prices would come down. I wish you would help me. I wish you would stop asking silly questions. 二、在表示建議、命令、要求、忠告等動(dòng)詞的后面的賓語從句中的虛擬語氣 由于這些動(dòng)詞本身隱含說話者的主觀意見，認(rèn)為某事應(yīng)該或不應(yīng)該怎樣，這些詞語后面的“that”從句應(yīng)用虛擬語氣，且均以“should+動(dòng)詞原形”表示這種語氣，但事實(shí)上“should”常被省略，故此從句中謂語動(dòng)詞用原形，常用的此類動(dòng)詞有： 表示“要求”的：ask, desire, request, demand, require, beg 表示“提議、勸告、建議”的：move, prpose, suggest, recommend, advise, vote 表示“決定、命令”的：decide, order 表示“主張”的：maintain, urge 表示“同意、堅(jiān)持”的：consent, insist 例如： 1.The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose his weight. 2.He insisted that we (should ) tell him the news. 3.When I suggested that he try shaving cream, he said, “The razor and water do the job. ”(當(dāng)我建議他用刮胡膏時(shí)，他說“剃刀和水就行了”。) 4.He pursued various theories for several days until I suggested we take the toy apart to see how it did work. (他費(fèi)了幾天功夫?qū)ふ依碚摳鶕?jù)，直到我建議拆開看看它是如何轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的。) 5.One can suggest that students should spend two or three years in an Englishspeaking country. (我們建議學(xué)生應(yīng)在說英語的國(guó)家呆上兩三年。) 在表示命令、建議、要求等一類動(dòng)詞后面的從句中虛擬語氣很普遍，其結(jié)構(gòu)如： order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist +. (should) do6.I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week. 7.He insisted that he (should ) be sent there. 但注意：在insist 后的從句中, 如果是堅(jiān)持自己, 用陳述語氣, 堅(jiān)持別人做什么事情, 用虛擬語氣. 8.she insists that she is right. 9.she insisted that I should finish the work at once. 或者說，suggest, insist不表示建議或堅(jiān)持要某人做某事時(shí)，即它們用于其本意暗示、表明、堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為時(shí)，賓語從句用陳述語氣。 10.The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules. 判斷改錯(cuò): (錯(cuò))11.You pale face suggests that you (should) be ill. (對(duì))12.Your pale face suggests that you are ill. (錯(cuò))13.I insisted that you ( should) be wrong. (對(duì))14.I insisted that you were wrong. 例題分析：15.It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios _ after 11 oclock at night. A. were not played B. not be played C. not to play D. did not play 全句意思是：“旅館管理部門懇請(qǐng)客人晚上11點(diǎn)后不要打開收音機(jī)”。句中的謂語動(dòng)詞request（請(qǐng)求）所引出的從句應(yīng)當(dāng)用虛擬語氣，即動(dòng)詞原形或“should動(dòng)詞原形”。本句的主語從句中，主語radio是謂語動(dòng)詞play 的客體，謂語應(yīng)當(dāng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。所以，答案是C) not be played。在上述這類句子中不能用動(dòng)詞過去時(shí)形式表示虛擬語氣，所以A)不正確。選項(xiàng)B) not to play是動(dòng)詞帶to的不定式，不能在句中作謂語。選項(xiàng)D)did not play也是動(dòng)詞play的過去時(shí)形式，同樣不能在本句中作為虛擬語氣來使用。而且，它是主動(dòng)語態(tài)形式，而本題要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 活學(xué)活用： 16). The chairman requested that . Athe members studied more carefully the problem Bthe problem was more carefulnessly studied Cwith more carefulness the problem could be studied Dthe members study the problem more carefully 17). The committee recommends that the matter at the next meeting . Awould be discussed Bwill be discussed Cbe discussed Dmay be discussed 18). The doctor insisted that his patient . Athat he not work too hard for three months Btake it easy for three months Ctaking it easy inside of three months Dto take some vacations for three months 三、在expect, believe, think, suspect等動(dòng)詞的否定或疑問形式后的賓語從句中的虛擬語氣 在expect, believe, think, suspect等動(dòng)詞的否定或疑問形式后的賓語從句中，我們經(jīng)常用“should動(dòng)詞原形(或完成形式)”，表示驚奇，懷疑，不滿等。 I never thought that he should be such a brave young soldier. 我們從來沒想到他是個(gè)如此勇敢的小戰(zhàn)士。 活學(xué)活用： 1) that the time will soon be ripe for intervention in Iran，they would be faced by a large army? AIt is believed BShould they believe CThey would believe DIf they would believe 2) I think it advisable that he for Tokyo soon. Awill leave Bmay leave Cleave Dleaves 四、would rather ， would sooner，had rather， would (just) as soon ，would prefer之后的賓語從句中的虛擬語氣 would rather , would sooner, had rather, would (just) as soon，would prefer（希望）也用來表達(dá)主觀愿望，它們之后的賓語從句中需用虛擬語氣。謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)恚眠^去完成式表示與過去事實(shí)相反。表示”寧愿做什么”或?qū)^去做的事的懊悔。 (1).I would rather he came tomorrow than today. (2).John would rather that she had not gone to the party yesterday evening. (3).Don t live in the world, I would rather( I would just as soon) you die. (4).I would rather you go tomorrow. (5).I would rather everything hadn t happened in the past. (6).The manager would rather his daughter did not work in the same office經(jīng)理寧愿她女兒不與他在同一間辦公室工作。 (7).To be frank，Id rather you were not involved in the case坦率