Book 8 Unit 2 單元重點(diǎn)詞匯詳解解.doc

重點(diǎn)詞匯講解1. universal adj. 共通的、廣泛的、全球的、公認(rèn)的；普遍的、一般的；l There was universal agreement as to who should become chairman.誰該當(dāng)主席，大家的意見是一致的。l This is a subject of universal interest.這是一個(gè)普遍關(guān)心的問題。l Football is a universal game. 足球是一項(xiàng)全球化的體育運(yùn)動(dòng)。2. witness vt. 親眼目睹l Did you really witness the accident that happened near our school?你真的親眼目睹了發(fā)生在我們學(xué)校附近的那場事故？l Several journalists witnessed the incident in which eight people were injured.幾名記者目睹了那場事故，事故中八人受傷。witness n. 目擊者；證人l Mr. Green was asked to act as a witness to the agreement between his two friends.格林先生被叫去在他的兩位朋友達(dá)成的協(xié)議上簽名作證。l He will appear as a witness for the defence.他將作為被告的證人出庭。閱讀下列各句，辨別witness的詞性和含義。1) Police have appealed for witnesses to the accident. （n. 目擊者）2) His good health is a witness to the success of the treatment. （n. 為提供證據(jù))3) Recent years have witnessed a growing social mobility. （vt. 見證）4) She witnessed to having seen the man enter the building. （vi. 作證說）3. cast vt. 分派某人扮演角色；為選演員；（其過去式和過去分詞均為cast）l The director cast me as a mad scientist.導(dǎo)演分派我演一個(gè)發(fā)狂的科學(xué)家。l John was cast as Hamlet and Mary as Ophelia in the film.在這部戲中，約翰扮演哈姆雷特，馬莉扮演奧菲利亞。閱讀下列各句，辨別cast的詞性和含義。1) The fishermen cast their nets into the sea. （vt. 拋、撒）2) To cast aside the salesgirls doubts, he emptied all his pockets. （vt. 打消）3) She cast a glance in his direction. （vt. 把投向）4) We were cast away on an island without food or water. （vt. 使漂流）5) Now that the warmer weather has come, we cast off our winter clothing. （vt. 脫掉、不再穿）6) The film has a strong cast that includes several famous names. （n. 演員陣容）4. set vt. 以為背景；發(fā)生在l The book is set in 17th century Spain.這本書以十七世紀(jì)的西班牙為背景。l The play is set in Venice.這部劇發(fā)生在威尼斯。閱讀下列各句，辨別set的含義。1) Could you please help me set the table? （擺放）2) I opened the cage and set the birds free. （使處于狀態(tài)）3) Your remarks set me thinking. （使開始）4) She set the alarm for 6:30 a.m. （調(diào)整好）5) He set a new land speed record. （創(chuàng)設(shè)）6) In winter, the sun set early in the west.（落、下沉）7) We set about clearing up the mess.（開始做）8) She set aside a little money each week.（節(jié)?。?) They set off/set out in search of the lost child. （出發(fā)）10)The bomb could be set off by the slightest vibration.（使爆炸）5. potential adj. 將來有可能成為，潛在的l He is seen as a potential leader of our political party.他將來有可能成為我們政黨的領(lǐng)袖。l Always on the lookout for the potential dangers.時(shí)刻警惕潛在的危險(xiǎn)。閱讀下列各句，注意potential的詞性變化和含義。1) He has acting potential, but he needs training.（n. 潛力）2) She is potentially our best tennis player, but she needs to practice much harder.（adv. 有可能成為）3) Such a forceful person may have great potentialities for either good or evil.（n. 潛在可能性）6. imagine vt. 想像；設(shè)想、認(rèn)為l You can imagine my surprise when they told me the news.你能想像得出他們在把那則消息告訴我時(shí)我是多么的驚訝。l You can imagine how surprised I was. 你能想像得出我是多么的驚訝。l Try to imagine that you are all alone on a desert island.試想一下你孤身一人在一個(gè)荒島上。l Its hard to imagine living in a place where there are no cars.生活在一個(gè)沒有汽車的地方是不可思議的。l Can you imagine George cooking the dinner?你能想像喬治燒飯嗎？l She imagines that people dont like her, but they do. 她認(rèn)為人們都不喜歡她，但他們是喜歡她的。7. 否定詞never/no/not/nothing等與比較級連用，往往表達(dá)最高級含義。l 世上沒有比那些書更有價(jià)值的東西了。Nothing in the world is more valuable than those books.=Those books are the most valuable in the world.l He said he had never watched a more exciting game before.=He said the game was the most exciting one he had ever watched.8. decorate vt. 裝飾 / 修飾decorate with 用飾品裝飾 / 修飾；類似短語還有：furnish with 為（房間或房屋）配備（家具） equip with 用（儀器、設(shè)備等）裝備（工廠、車間、實(shí)驗(yàn)室等） 對應(yīng)名詞分別為decoration（裝飾，裝飾品）; furniture（家具）; equipment（裝備，設(shè)備，器材）l Her living-room is furnished with a comfortable new sofa.l The workshop is equipped with many modern machines. (It is a well/fully equipped workshop.)l They always decorate their classroom with balloons and flowers when Christmas comes.9. fall vi.（不知不覺地或突然地）進(jìn)入狀態(tài) （過去式為fell, 過去分詞為fallen）l He fell ill. 他病了。l She fell into a deep sleep.她睡熟了。l They have fallen in love.他們正熱戀著。l He fell victim to her charm.他被她的美所傾倒。10. marry vt. & vi.（與）結(jié)婚；娶；嫁l He married late in life.他很晚才結(jié)婚。l Will you marry me?你愿意嫁給我嗎？閱讀下列各句，注意marry 的用法和含義。1) They got married last April, and they have been married for a year.2) The bishop married them. 3) She wants to marry her daughter to a rich man.11. take on （無被動(dòng)式）呈現(xiàn)出面貌、特征等l The temple takes on a golden color when the sun sinks in the west. l His voice takes on a more serious tone. 閱讀下列各句，寫出take on 的含義。1) She is not in good health these days, and cannot take on more work.（承擔(dān)工作等）2) Great changes have taken place in the city in the past few decades, and now it has taken on a completely new look. （呈現(xiàn)（面貌、特征等）3) Were not taking on any new staff at the moment. （雇傭）4) The bus stopped to take on more passengers. （接納、裝載）12. disturbing adj. 引起煩惱的；令人不安的；引起恐慌的l Ive had some disturbing experience.我已經(jīng)夠煩的了。l There come again some disturbing reports about the Middle East.又有關(guān)于中東的令人不安的報(bào)道。l It is disturbing to think that a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside. 想到在寧靜的鄉(xiāng)村里有一頭危險(xiǎn)的野獸繼續(xù)逍遙流竄，真是令人不安。閱讀下列各句，注意disturb的其它用法。1) I was deeply disturbed and depressed by the news. （心煩意亂的）2) Dont disturb the papers on my desk. （弄亂）3) She opened the door quietly so as not to disturb the sleeping child.（吵醒）4) Im sorry to disturb you, but can I talk to you for a moment? （打擾）13. leave vt. 把留交； 交托l(wèi) You can leave the cooking to me.你可以把做飯的事交給我。l She left her assistant in charge of the company when she was away.她出差在外時(shí)，委托她的助手來打理公司事務(wù)。閱讀下列各句，注意leave的其它用法與含義。l The plane leaves for Dallas at 12:55. （飛往）l Some children leave school at 16. （畢業(yè)離校）l Why do you always leave everything until the last moment? （不馬上處理）l Leave the door open, please. （使處于）l Dont leave her waiting outside in the rain. （使處于）l The dog left a trail of destruction behind it. （留下）l Britain is being left behind in the race for new markets. （把拋在后面）14. stage vt. 上演；舉辦； n. l The local theater is staging a production of Hamlet.當(dāng)?shù)貏F(tuán)正在上演哈姆雷特。l London has bid to stage the 2012 Olympic Games. 倫敦已申辦了2012年的奧運(yùn)會(huì)。15. condemn vt. 判處； 譴責(zé)l He was condemned to death for murder and later hanged.他因兇殺罪被判處死刑后被絞死。l She was condemned to hang for killing her husband.她因殺害親夫被處以絞刑。l We all condemn cruelty to children.我們一致譴責(zé)虐待兒童的行為。l The government issued a statement condemning the killing. 政府發(fā)表聲明譴責(zé)這起兇殺事件。16. break up 解散；結(jié)束；放假；粉碎、破碎；垮掉l Their marriage has broken up.他們的婚姻已經(jīng)破裂。l The meeting broke up at 11 oclock.會(huì)議于11點(diǎn)散的。l When do you break up for the May Day holiday?你們什么時(shí)候放“五一”假？l The ship broke up on the rocks.船觸礁撞碎了。l He was breaking up under such strain.過度的勞累使他快跨了。練習(xí)：一、單詞拼寫。1. The fireworks looked very s_ against the dark sky.2. Linda held a dinner to a_ her engagement to Matt.3. When he asked for her hand in m_, she insisted that he sign a private contract.4. We are going to h_ a new teacher employed at our school to give Senior One students extra lessons.5. The researchers c_ that it would use 25% less fuel than current aircraft do.6. Every Saturday night I a_ with her to watch boring movies when we were on the farm.7. All the small details of the design become e_, as well as the mistakes.8. Nowadays, data of all descriptions is easily a_ online.9. He used a small printing machine to p_ a newspaper.10. The governments s_ attitude was a block to further talks.11. P_ against blacks was invisible to most white Americans for many years.12. The young b_ will soon be taking a wife.二、用所給動(dòng)詞短語的適當(dāng)形式填空。give upparticipate inat first sight take onhold upgo crazybreak upbe unwilling tofall in loveget marriedsplit upspring up1. Like a man falling in love with his sweetheart _, everything is right.2. How will my house _ in an earthquake? Can the government send someone out to evaluate my property?3. The turning point of my life was my decision to _ a promising literature career and begin a business career instead.4. The chairman was blamed for letting his secretary _ too much work last week.5. He has invited the all companions _ his wedding party.6. Even if there were a desire to borrow to finance spending, banks might _ meet it.7. The report claims that when women _, they tend to eat more.8. Its a beautiful dress; the girls will _ over it!9. With the development of economy, many little towns _ in the west of China.10. Barry and Anne were always quarreling, and I fear that their marriage is about to _.11. After days battling the rough sea, the ship at last _.12. Hal, I know how anxious you are to _ and start a family.三、用括號內(nèi)的詞/短語完成下列句子。1. 即便如此，將會(huì)有強(qiáng)大的壓力使得奧巴馬不違背諾言。(break ones promise) 2. 一位好老師應(yīng)該幫助學(xué)生發(fā)展學(xué)習(xí)愛好而不是迫使他學(xué)習(xí)。 (develop ones interest) 3. 加利福尼亞人開始要求不再允許中國人進(jìn)入他們的州。 (demand) 4. 努力抵抗被其他想法、任務(wù)分心。(resist doing) 5. 獅子會(huì) (Lions Club) 會(huì)員的平均年齡不斷上升，但會(huì)員數(shù)量在逐漸下降。 (gradual decline) 6. 她的表演為她贏得了奧斯卡最佳女演員獎(jiǎng)。 (earn sb. sth) 7. 上周日，92歲的薇拉(Vera)成為史上擁有冠軍大碟的最年長的在世歌手。（(a number one hit) 8. 最后那三個(gè)節(jié)目入選參加25日晚的全校匯演。 (be staged) 9. 在有些領(lǐng)域，開始踏入的時(shí)候會(huì)有連續(xù)、快速的工資增長。(start out) 10. 她開始從事清潔工作，發(fā)展到經(jīng)營那家公司。(progress) 參考答案：一、單詞拼寫 1. splendid 2. announce 3. marriage 4. have 5. claim 6. accompanied 7. evident 8. accessible 9. publish 10. stubborn 11. Prejudice 12. bachelor 二、用所給動(dòng)詞短語的適當(dāng)形式填空 1. at first sight 2. hold up 3. give up 4. take on5. to part