重要哲學(xué)術(shù)語.doc

重要哲學(xué)術(shù)語英漢對照轉(zhuǎn)載自當代英美哲學(xué)概論A prioria posteriori distinction先驗-后驗的區(qū)分abstractideas抽象理念abstractobjects抽象客體adhominemargument謬誤論證alienation/estrangement異化，疏離altruism利他主義analysis分析analyticsyntheticdistinction分析-綜合的區(qū)分aporia困惑argumentfromdesign來自設(shè)計的論證artificialintelligence(AI)人工智能associationofideas理念的聯(lián)想autonomy自律axioms公理CategoricalImperative絕對命令categories范疇Categorymistake范疇錯誤causaltheoryofreference指稱的因果論causation因果關(guān)系certainty確定性chaostheory混沌理論class總綱、類clearnessanddistinctness清楚與明晰cogitoergosum我思故我在concept概念consciousness意識consent同意consequentialism效果論conservative保守的consistency一致性，相容性constructivism建構(gòu)主義contentsofconsciousness意識的內(nèi)容contingentnecessarydistinction偶然-必然的區(qū)分continuum連續(xù)體continuumhypothesis連續(xù)性假說contradiction矛盾（律）conventionalism約定論counterfactualconditional反事實的條件句criterion準則，標準critique批判，批評Dasein此在，定在deconstruction解構(gòu)主義defeasible可以廢除的definitedescription限定摹狀詞deontology義務(wù)論dialectic辯證法didactic說教的dualism二元論egoism自我主義、利己主義eliminativematerialism消除性的唯物主義empiricism經(jīng)驗主義Enlightenment啟蒙運動（思想）entailment蘊含essence本質(zhì)ethicalintuition倫理直觀ethicalnaturalism倫理的自然主義eudaimonia幸福主義event事件、事變evolutionaryepistemology進化認識論expertsystem專門體系explanation解釋fallibilism謬誤論familyresemblance家族相似fictionalentities虛構(gòu)的實體firstphilosophy第一哲學(xué)formoflife生活形式formal形式的foundationalism基礎(chǔ)主義freewillanddeterminism自由意志和決定論function函項（功能）functionexplanation功能解釋good善happiness幸福hedonism享樂主義hermeneutics解釋學(xué)（詮釋學(xué)，釋義學(xué)）historicism歷史論（歷史主義）holism整體論iconographic繪畫idealism理念論ideas理念identity同一性illocutionaryact以言行事的行為imagination想象力immatericalsubstance非物質(zhì)實體immutable不變的、永恒的individualism個人主義（個體主義）induction歸納inference推斷infiniteregress無限回歸intensionality內(nèi)涵性intentionality意向性irreducible不可還原的LeibnizsLaw萊布尼茨法則logicalatomism邏輯原子主義logicalpositivism邏輯實證主義logomachy玩弄詞藻的爭論materialbiconditional物質(zhì)的雙向制約materialism唯物論（唯物主義）maxim箴言，格言method方法methodologica方法論的model樣式modern現(xiàn)代的modusponensandmodustollens肯定前件和否定后件naturalselection自然選擇necessary必然的neutralmonism中立一無論nominalism唯名論nonEuclideangeometry非歐幾里德幾何nonmonotoniclogics非單一邏輯OckhamRazor奧卡姆剃刀omnipotenceandomniscience全能和全知ontology本體論（存有學(xué)）operator算符(或算子)paradox悖論perception知覺phenomenology現(xiàn)象學(xué)picturetheoryofmeaning意義的圖像說pluralism多元論polis城邦possibleworld可能世界postmodernism后現(xiàn)代主義prescriptivestatement規(guī)定性陳述presupposition預(yù)設(shè)primaryandsecondaryqualities第一性的質(zhì)和第二性的質(zhì)principleofnoncontradiction不矛盾律proposition命題quantifier量詞quantummechanics量子力學(xué)rationalnumbers有理數(shù)realnumber實數(shù)realism實在論reason理性，理智recursivefunction循環(huán)函數(shù)reflectiveequilibrium反思的均衡relativity(theoryof)相對（論）rights權(quán)利rigiddesignator嚴格的指稱詞Rorschachtest相對性（相對論）rule規(guī)則ruleutilitarianism功利主義規(guī)則Russellsparadox羅素悖論sanctions制發(fā)scope范圍，限界semantics語義學(xué)sensedata感覺材料，感覺資料set集solipsism唯我論socialcontract社會契約subjectiveobjectivedistinction主客區(qū)分sublation揚棄substance實體，本體suigeneris特殊的，獨特性supervenience偶然性syllogism三段論things in themselves物自體thought思想thoughtexperiment思想實驗threevaluedlogic三值邏輯transcende