(2015-2017)三年高考英語(yǔ)分項(xiàng)解析真題專題解讀精編—專題08 定語(yǔ)從句.doc

2015-2017年高考英語(yǔ)分項(xiàng)解析精編版專題8 定語(yǔ)從句2017年高考題【2017北京卷】31. The little problems _ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.A. that B. as C. where D. when 【答案】A考點(diǎn)：考查定語(yǔ)從句?！久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞分為關(guān)系代詞（who, whom, whose, that, which, as 等）和關(guān)系副詞（when, where, why等）。1. 關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)等成分。關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。eg. An architect is a person who / that designs houses and buildings. The city where / in which I was born is on the new railway line.2. 關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。 關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可省略（非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中不可省略）。e.g. I find it difficult to cooperate with those who always stick to their own opinions.I find it difficult to cooperate with the one who always sticks to his own opinion.The suit (which / that ) the tailor made for me doesnt fit me.3. 非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系詞均不可省略。注意關(guān)系代詞that, 關(guān)系副詞why, 不可用于非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。4. 作介詞賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞 在限制和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語(yǔ)，即介詞+關(guān)系代詞，whom用于指人，which用于指物，不能用that。e.g. The man with whom you shook hands just now is head of our department.Mrs. Nye, with whom you shook hands just now, is head of our department.The room in which my family live used to be a garage.【2017江蘇】28. In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of _ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.A. which B. its C. whose D. whom 【答案】C【解析】試題分析：考查定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞是“the World Food Programme”，“世界糧食項(xiàng)目”的目的之一是，whose在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)，這里限定purposes，故選C。句意：1963年聯(lián)合國(guó)建立了世界糧食計(jì)劃署，其目的之一就是為了緩解世界范圍內(nèi)的饑餓問(wèn)題?？键c(diǎn)：考查定語(yǔ)從句【2017天津】9. My eldest son, _ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.A. that B. whose C. his D. who【答案】B【解析】考點(diǎn)：考查定語(yǔ)從句?！久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】定語(yǔ)從句的考查主要就是考查關(guān)系詞的辨析，關(guān)系代詞that, which, whom, as， who在句中做主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ);whose做定語(yǔ)；where, why, when在句中做地點(diǎn)，原因和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。要分析定語(yǔ)從句的成分，看缺少什么成分，就選用相應(yīng)的關(guān)系詞。2016年高考題1.【2016北京】22. I live next door to a couple _ children often make a lot of noise.A. whose B. why C. where D. which【答案】A【解析】試題分析：題目考查定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞。a couple是先行詞，這對(duì)夫妻的孩子很吵，children和couple是所屬關(guān)系，故用whose作定語(yǔ)，whose children相當(dāng)于the children of whom，故選A?？键c(diǎn)：考查定語(yǔ)從句【名師點(diǎn)睛】定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞分為關(guān)系代詞（who, whom, whose, that, which, as 等）和關(guān)系副詞（when, where, why等）。1. 關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)等成分。關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。eg. An architect is a person who / that designs houses and buildings. The city where / in which I was born is on the new railway line.2. 關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。 關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可省略（非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中不可省略）。eg. I find it difficult to cooperate with those who always stick to their own opinions.I find it difficult to cooperate with the one who always sticks to his own opinion.The suit (which / that ) the tailor made for me doesnt fit me.3. 非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系詞均不可省略。注意關(guān)系代詞that, 關(guān)系副詞why, 不可用于非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。4. 作介詞賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞 在限制和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語(yǔ)，即介詞+關(guān)系代詞，whom用于指人，which用于指物，不能用that。eg. The man with whom you shook hands just now is head of our department.Mrs. Nye, with whom you shook hands just now, is head of our department. The room in which my family live used to be a garage.2.【2016江蘇】23.Many young people, most _were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.A.of whichB.of themC.of whomD.of those【答案】C【解析】【名師點(diǎn)睛】“of whom / which”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句：在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，先行詞作為一個(gè)整體，表示整體中的一部分，即表示“部分與整體”的關(guān)系時(shí)，用of which/ whom或者of which / whom都可以。但與表示所屬關(guān)系不同，這里不能用whose來(lái)代替of which。一、表示整體中的部分The buses,most of whichwere already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.公共汽車大多數(shù)都已經(jīng)擠滿了人，它們被憤怒的人群包圍著。I picked up the apples,some of whichwere badly bruised.我揀起那些蘋果，其中有一些傷得很厲害。I bought a dozen eggs, six of which broke when I dropped the box.我買了一打雞蛋，六個(gè)在我失手掉了盒子時(shí)摔碎了。There are two bottles left,one of whichis almost finished and the other of which is not quite.只剩兩瓶，一瓶快喝完了，另一瓶沒(méi)完全喝完。The treasure some of which has been recovered, has been sent to the British Museum.這些寶藏已送往大英博物館，其中有一些是失而復(fù)得的。二、表示所屬關(guān)系Hes written a book, the name of which Ive forgotten.他寫了一本書，書名我忘了。句中的the name of which=whose name。It was an agreement the details of which could not be altered.這是一項(xiàng)其細(xì)節(jié)不可更改的協(xié)定。句中的the details of which=whose details?？键c(diǎn)：考查定語(yǔ)從句3.【2016浙江】11. Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears , none of _ has been proved.A. whom B. which C. what D. that【答案】B【解析】考點(diǎn)：考查定語(yǔ)從句。【名師點(diǎn)睛】定語(yǔ)從句的考查主要就是考查關(guān)系詞的辨析，關(guān)系代詞that, which, whose, whom, as， who在句中做主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)或者定語(yǔ)；where, why, when在句中做地點(diǎn)，原因和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。要分析定語(yǔ)從句的成分，看缺少什么成分，就選用相應(yīng)的關(guān)系詞。如果是代詞+of+關(guān)系代詞，注意先行詞是人用whom，先行詞是物用which。4.【2016天津】9. We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, _ the weather may be better. A. that B. where C. which D. when【答案】D【解析】試題分析： 句意：我們將把公園的野餐推遲到下個(gè)星期，那時(shí)天氣可能會(huì)更好。使用定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是next week，定語(yǔ)從句中不缺少主賓表，缺少時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。故選D?？键c(diǎn)：考查定語(yǔ)從句?！久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】定語(yǔ)從句的考查主要就是考查關(guān)系詞的辨析，關(guān)系代詞that, which, whose, whom, as， who在句中做主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)或者定語(yǔ)；where, why, when在句中做地點(diǎn)，原因和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。要分析定語(yǔ)從句的成分，看缺少什么成分，就選用相應(yīng)的關(guān)系詞。2015年高考題1.【2015湖南】29.It is a truly delightful place, _ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.A. as B. whereC. thatD. which【答案】D【解析】【考點(diǎn)定位】考查定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞?！久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】本題旨在考查定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系詞，要求學(xué)生掌握在什么情況下用關(guān)系副詞，什么情況下用關(guān)系代詞以及各自的意義。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞的附加說(shuō)明，去掉了也不會(huì)影響主句的意思，它與主句之間通常用逗號(hào)分開。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句還能將整個(gè)主句作為先行詞, 對(duì)其進(jìn)行修飾, 這時(shí)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)。關(guān)系代詞that和關(guān)系副詞why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。2.【2015北京】24.Opposite is St.Pauls Church,_you can hear some lovely music.A. which B.that C.when D.where【答案】D【解析】試題分析：句意：對(duì)面是圣保羅教堂，在教堂里你能聽到一些優(yōu)美的音樂(lè)。這是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞是St. Pauls Church，從句主謂賓成分完整，去掉空后依然是完整的句子，可推斷出引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作的是地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。用where。故選D?！究键c(diǎn)定位】考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句【名師點(diǎn)睛】本題考查學(xué)生對(duì)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的掌握情況，做題之前先看到句子中間有沒(méi)有逗號(hào)，逗號(hào)是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的標(biāo)志。然后再看句子中缺不缺成份，在定語(yǔ)從句中從句主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)都不缺少時(shí)，應(yīng)該考慮關(guān)系副詞，所以學(xué)生需要記住這種方法。3.【2015重慶】14. He wrote many children s books, nearly half of_ were published in the 1990s.A. whom B. which C. them D. that【答案】B 【解析】 試題分析：句意：他寫了許多兒童書籍，幾乎一半在1990年左右出版。先行詞是books，定語(yǔ)從句中of缺少賓語(yǔ)，故選B項(xiàng)。 學(xué)#科.網(wǎng) 【考點(diǎn)定位】考查定語(yǔ)從句。 【名師點(diǎn)睛】定語(yǔ)從句有一種介詞+關(guān)系代詞，用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，不及物動(dòng)詞后面無(wú)賓語(yǔ)，就必須要求用關(guān)系副詞或介詞+關(guān)系代詞，而及物動(dòng)詞后接賓語(yǔ)，則要求關(guān)系代詞。Do you know the boy to whom she was talking? Do you know the boy (that) she was talking to?此類定語(yǔ)從句，首先從先行詞入手，確實(shí)主語(yǔ)是人還是物，再根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句缺少的成分來(lái)辨別到底用哪個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞。4.【2015浙江】19. Creating an atmosphere employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.A. as B. whose C. in which D. at which【答案】C【解析】【考點(diǎn)定位】考查定語(yǔ)從句介詞加which的用法。【名師點(diǎn)睛】解答此題需要能夠看出這是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)名詞+連詞+句子，也需要分析從句的句子成分。關(guān)系詞的選擇，最關(guān)鍵的就是看先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作什么成分，而不是看先行詞是表示什么的單詞，如表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞之后未必用where，同樣表示時(shí)間的先行詞之后未必用when。當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語(yǔ)，且該介詞不是和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成固定短語(yǔ)時(shí)，介詞可以提前，這樣就出現(xiàn)介詞+關(guān)系代詞。先行詞指物，用介詞+which，指人則用介詞+whom， 且兩個(gè)關(guān)系代詞均不能省略，介詞的選擇要遵循兩個(gè)原則： 1.根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與先行詞的搭配內(nèi)容而定。2.根據(jù)先行詞特殊用法而定。5.【2015天津】15 The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere _ his employees enjoy their work.A. where B. whichC. whenD. who【答案】A【解析】試題分析：句意：公司老板正盡力創(chuàng)造一種輕松的氣氛，在這種氣氛中，其員工喜歡他們的工作。句中先行詞為atmosphere，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故用關(guān)系副詞where。根據(jù)句意可知選A?！究键c(diǎn)定位】考查定語(yǔ)從句。【名師點(diǎn)睛】本題考查定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句是高考重點(diǎn)考查知識(shí)之一，分析定語(yǔ)從句需要牢牢抓住兩點(diǎn)：第一、找準(zhǔn)先行詞。第二、看先行詞在從句中所作的成分。抓住這兩點(diǎn)，再根據(jù)句意，從而能夠判斷出正確的關(guān)系詞。6.【2015四川】3.The books on the desk, covers are shiny, are prizes for us.Awhich B. what C. whose D. that【答案】C【解析】【考點(diǎn)定位】考查定語(yǔ)從句【名師點(diǎn)睛】本題考查定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系詞的選擇。本句主要考查了關(guān)系代詞whose的用法，whose在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)定語(yǔ)，和其后的名詞之間存在所有關(guān)系，還是比較容易判斷的。此題中如果在covers之前加上定冠詞the，則需要用of+which結(jié)構(gòu)。即此題等同于：The books on the desk, of which the covers are shiny, are prizes for us.7.【2015陜西】15. As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time he should be able to be independent.A. which B. where C. whom D. when【答案】D【解析】試題分析：句意：作為家里最小的孩子，Alex總是渴望他能夠有獨(dú)立的時(shí)間。這里使用定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是the time，定語(yǔ)從句中缺少時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，用關(guān)系副詞when，所以選D?！究键c(diǎn)定位】考查定語(yǔ)從句【名師點(diǎn)睛】定語(yǔ)從句的考查主要就是考查關(guān)系詞的辨析，關(guān)系代詞that, which, whose, whom, as， who在句中做主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)或者定語(yǔ)；where, why, when在句中做狀語(yǔ)。要分析句子成分，看缺少什么成分，就選用相應(yīng)的關(guān)系詞。8.【2015福建】34.China Today attracts a worldwide readership,_ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China. A. whoB. whomC. thatD. which【答案】D【解析】【考點(diǎn)定位】考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句【名師點(diǎn)睛】關(guān)系詞的選擇，最關(guān)鍵的就是看先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作什么成分，而不是看先行詞是表示什么的單詞，如表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞之后未必用where，同樣表示時(shí)間的先行詞之后未必用when。Which在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中通常是代指前面整個(gè)句子或者一個(gè)較長(zhǎng)的詞語(yǔ)，并且在從句中做主語(yǔ)。9.【2015江蘇】21.The number of smokers, _ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.A. it B. which C. what D. as【答案】D【解析】試題分析：句意：據(jù)報(bào)道，吸煙者人數(shù)僅（過(guò)去）一年就減少了17%。as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句位置靈活，可以置于主句的句首、句中或句末，指代的是整個(gè)一句話。故選D項(xiàng)。考生容易誤選B項(xiàng)which，把逗號(hào)前面的the number of smokers看成先行詞，后面非限制性定語(yǔ)從句用which引導(dǎo)。殊不知，這里關(guān)系代詞指代的是“The number of smokers has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.”整個(gè)一句話。另外，as和which在定語(yǔ)從句都可以指代一句話，但前者有“正如”的意思，后者則沒(méi)有。還可以抓住as is reported這一常用結(jié)構(gòu)，類似的還有asis known/expected/planned/mentioned/said等。【考點(diǎn)定位】定語(yǔ)從句【名師點(diǎn)睛】考生容易誤選B項(xiàng)which，把逗號(hào)前面的the number of smokers看成先行詞，后面非限制性定語(yǔ)從句用which引導(dǎo)。殊不知，這里關(guān)系代詞指代的是“The number of smokers has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.”整個(gè)一句話。另外，as和which在定語(yǔ)從句都可以指代一句話，但前者有“正如”的意思，后者則沒(méi)有。還可以抓住as is reported這一常用結(jié)構(gòu)，類似的還有asis known/expected/planned/mentioned/said等。10.【2015安徽】28.Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon_ school education depends.A. itB. thatC. whoseD. which【答案】D【解析】【考點(diǎn)定位】考查定語(yǔ)從句【名師點(diǎn)睛】本題考查定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，有逗號(hào)隔開的是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。在定語(yǔ)從句中，介詞后只能跟whom或which，指人用whom；指物用which。這里的先行詞是skill，指物。2014年高考英語(yǔ)分項(xiàng)解析精編版1.【2014重慶卷】9. Well reach the sales targets in a month _ we set at the beginning of the year. A. which B. where C. when D. what【答案】A【解析】 試題分析：題意：再有一個(gè)月就能完成年初制訂的銷售目標(biāo)。which指代targets, 在從句中充當(dāng)set的賓語(yǔ)，排除B、C兩項(xiàng)；D項(xiàng)只能引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，而本題是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，故選擇A項(xiàng)。考點(diǎn)：考查定語(yǔ)從句的用法?！久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】本題考查學(xué)生對(duì)定語(yǔ)從句的掌握情況，做題之前先看到句子中間有沒(méi)有逗號(hào)，逗號(hào)是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的標(biāo)志，沒(méi)有逗號(hào)是限制性定語(yǔ)從句。然后再看句子中缺不缺成份，在定語(yǔ)從句中從句主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)缺少某一項(xiàng)時(shí)，應(yīng)該考慮關(guān)系代詞，本題從句中缺少賓語(yǔ)，要用which或that代替，因此考生需要記住這種方法。2.【2014北京卷】26. I borrow the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, _ my classmates recommended to me.A.whoB. whichC. when D. Where【答案】B【解析】試題分析：本題考查定語(yǔ)從句，考查方式為選擇連接詞。根據(jù)題干信息，定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞為book,定語(yǔ)從句中缺乏賓語(yǔ)（我朋友推薦給我“書”），加之逗號(hào)后為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，所以本題選B。句意：上周我從圖書館借了福爾摩斯，這是我的同學(xué)推薦給我的?？键c(diǎn)：考查定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞?！久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明確；非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞的附加說(shuō)明，去掉了也不會(huì)影響主句的意思，它與主句之間通常用逗號(hào)分開，例如： This is the house which we bought last month. 這是我們上個(gè)月買的那幢房子。（限制性） The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.這幢房子很漂亮，是我們上個(gè)月買的。（非限制性）考生明確這兩種就可以輕松解題。3.【2014天津卷】12. English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, _ uses it differently.A. all of which B. each of which C. all of them D. each of them【答案】B【解析】考點(diǎn)：考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句和主謂一致?！久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。關(guān)系代詞which在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中所指代和修飾的可以是主句中的名詞、形容詞、短語(yǔ)、其他從句或整個(gè)主句，在從句中作主語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)、介詞賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。如：There are 30 chairs in the small hall, most of which are new.大廳里有三十把椅子，絕大部分是新的。本題中which作主語(yǔ)，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是uses ,是動(dòng)詞的單三形式，只能選擇B。4.【2014山東卷】10. A company _profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad. A. which B. whose C. who D. why 【答案】B【解析】試題分析：這是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，a company 是先行詞，profit和 a company是所屬關(guān)系，所以要用關(guān)系代詞whose。句意為：在國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)利潤(rùn)減少的公司可能會(huì)尋求國(guó)外發(fā)展的機(jī)會(huì)。故答案選B?？键c(diǎn)：考查定語(yǔ)從句的用法?！久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】本題與2015年四川卷第3題類似The books on the desk, whose covers are shiny, are prizes for us.本題考查定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系詞的選擇。本句主要考查了關(guān)系代詞whose的用法，whose在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)定語(yǔ)，和其后的名詞之間存在所有關(guān)系，考生應(yīng)該容易判斷。whose是關(guān)系代詞who的所有格形式，在從句中作定語(yǔ)。whose通常指人，也可指動(dòng)物或無(wú)生命的事物。如：The boy, whose father is an engineer, studies very hard.那位父親是位工程師小男孩學(xué)習(xí)很努力.Above the trees are the mountains, whose magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface.在樹林的高處是山，其壯麗的景色完全映照在河面上。5.【2014江西卷】35. It was the middle of the night _ my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game.A. that B. as C. which D. when 【答案】D【解析】考點(diǎn)：考查定語(yǔ)從句?！久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】本題與2015年陜西卷第15題類似. As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time when he should be able to be independent. 關(guān)系代詞that, which, whose, whom, as，who在句中做主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)或者定語(yǔ)；where, why, when在句中做狀語(yǔ)。1）如：I shall never forget the day when we first met in a park.（作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）2） My favorite city is Beijing where i can visit the Great Wall.（作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)）3） This is the reason why you should leave.（作原因狀語(yǔ)）把理論理解透徹了就可解題。6.【2014四川卷】4. I now, we have raised 50.000 pounds for the poor children, _ is quite unexpected.A. that B. which C. who D. it【答案】B【解析】【知識(shí)拓展】非限制性定語(yǔ)從句和并列句的區(qū)別關(guān)鍵看前后兩個(gè)句子中間是否是逗號(hào)，是否有連詞，比如：He has a daughter, who was admitted to a key university. 而He has a daughter, and she was admitted to a key university . 考點(diǎn)：考查定語(yǔ)從句的用法?！久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】本題與2015年福建卷第34題類似.China Today attracts a worldwide readership, which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句能將整個(gè)主句作為先行詞, 對(duì)其進(jìn)行修飾, 這時(shí)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)。關(guān)系代詞that和關(guān)系副詞why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。大多數(shù)限制性和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞往往為某一個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)，而特殊情況下非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞也可為整個(gè)主句，此時(shí)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句常由 which 引導(dǎo)。例A middle-aged woman killed her husband， which frightened me very much.7.【2014福建卷】31. Students should involve themselves in community activities_they can gain experience for growth. A. who B. when C. which D. where【答案】D【解析】試題分析：首先分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可知這里含有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，且關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故用關(guān)系副詞where，所以選D。句意：學(xué)生應(yīng)該參加社團(tuán)活動(dòng)，在那里他們可以獲得成長(zhǎng)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)?！局R(shí)拓展】被修飾的詞叫先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句不同于單詞作定語(yǔ)的情況，它需要放在被修飾的詞（即先行詞）之后。定語(yǔ)從句一般由關(guān)系代詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)。關(guān)系代詞必須放在定語(yǔ)從句之首。定語(yǔ)從句在句中做定語(yǔ)，修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞,詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞）引出?？键c(diǎn)：本題考查定語(yǔ)從句?！久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】本題可以采取還原句子解題。還原為：Students should involve themselves in community activities，they can gain experience for growth from community activities.加一個(gè)介詞from，副詞where在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。在本句中they gain experience for growth from community activities=where they gain experience for growth8.【2014江蘇卷】22. The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work _ a good impression is a must.A. which B. when C. as D. where【答案】D【解析】試題分析：考查定語(yǔ)從句用法。句中的先行詞為work，在從句a good impression is must中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故用關(guān)系副詞where。句意：這本書對(duì)我的日常交際有極大的幫助，尤其在工作中，良好的印象是必須的。故D正確?？键c(diǎn)：考查定語(yǔ)從句用法【名師點(diǎn)睛】本題考查狀語(yǔ)從句。狀語(yǔ)從句指句子用作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，起副詞作用的句子。它可以修飾謂語(yǔ)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或整個(gè)句子。根據(jù)其作用可分為時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、條件、目的、結(jié)果、讓步、方式和比較等從句。狀語(yǔ)從句一般由連詞(從屬連詞)引導(dǎo)，也可以由詞組引起。從句位于句首或句中時(shí)通常用逗號(hào)與主句隔開，位于句尾時(shí)可以不用逗號(hào)隔開。將從句恢復(fù)正常語(yǔ)序是：A good impression is a must in the work.所以要用where作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。故選D。9.【2014陜西卷】13. Please send us all the information _ you have about the candidate for the position.A. that B. which C. as D. what【答案】A考點(diǎn)：考查定語(yǔ)從句?！久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】that和which都可指物，且在句中都可作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)，多數(shù)情況下可以互換。但在以下情況中，關(guān)系代詞只能用that，不能用which。1.先行詞既指人又指物。先行詞是不定代詞all,everything,nothing,anything,much,little,few等。先行詞被all,every,any,little,only,much,no等修飾時(shí)，或先行詞本身是all,much,everything,anything,no以及no構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞。先行詞被形容詞及序數(shù)詞的最高級(jí)修飾。先行詞被the only,the very,the last,the same修飾。 有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上分別表示人或物的先行詞。主句以who,what,which開頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句。本題屬于第3種情況，故只能用that。10.【2014安徽卷】22The exact year Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.A. When B. where C. why D. which【答案】D【解析】句，而不能用關(guān)系副詞。所以選D。【知識(shí)拓展】考點(diǎn)：考查定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系詞的考查，首先要確定從句是定語(yǔ)從句，然后找到先行詞，再分析關(guān)系詞在從句中的成分，最后選擇正確的詞。如果定語(yǔ)從句中缺少主賓表或定語(yǔ)，就用關(guān)系代詞that/which/who/whose引導(dǎo)，如果做賓語(yǔ)，可以省略關(guān)系代詞，如果定語(yǔ)從句中不缺主賓表，缺少的是狀語(yǔ)，用關(guān)系副詞when，where，why引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，如果定語(yǔ)從句中缺少介詞+先行詞，就用介詞+關(guān)系代詞。要求考生具有一定的句子分析能力，和理解能力。一些抽象意義的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，如：situation，point，case，如果定語(yǔ)從句缺少地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，用where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。【名師點(diǎn)睛】本題A選項(xiàng)是干擾項(xiàng)，考生要仔細(xì)分析先行詞在從句中做什么成分來(lái)確定關(guān)系代詞。就本題而言，先行詞是the exact year，定語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)詞spent，構(gòu)成結(jié)構(gòu)：sb spend time on sth/in doing sth,后面缺少賓語(yǔ)，所以用關(guān)系代詞that或which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，不能用關(guān)系副詞。11.【2014湖南卷】31.I am looking forward to the daymy daughter can read this book and know myfeelings for her.A. asB. whyC. when D. where【答案】C【解析】試題分析：考查定語(yǔ)從句用法。句中的先行詞為the day，在從句my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，故用關(guān)系副詞when。句意：我正盼望我女兒能夠閱讀并知道我對(duì)她的感情的那一天。故C正確。考點(diǎn)：考查定語(yǔ)從句用法【名師點(diǎn)睛】本題與2015年陜西卷第15題類似. As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time when he should be able to be independent. when 指時(shí)間，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，它的先行詞為time, day, date, morning, night, week, year, moment, period, age等，亦可用“介詞+which”替代.如：1、The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.2、We went through a period when everything was expensive in the market. 3、I still remember the time when I first traveled by plane.故本題選when。12.【2014浙江卷】5.I dont become a serious climber until the fifth grade, _ I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree. A. when B. where C. which D. why【答案】A【解析】【知識(shí)拓展】這四個(gè)詞在引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句中的區(qū)別：when引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞必須是表示時(shí)間的詞，它在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)；where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞必須是表示地點(diǎn)的詞，它在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)；which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞必須是表示物的詞，它在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)；why引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞必一般是reason，它在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)。考點(diǎn)：考查定語(yǔ)從句。【名師點(diǎn)睛】定語(yǔ)從句的考查主要就是考查關(guān)系詞的辨析，關(guān)系代詞that, which, whose, whom, as， who在句中做主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)或者定語(yǔ)；where, why, when在句中做狀語(yǔ)。要分析句子成分，看從句中缺少什么成分，就選用相應(yīng)的關(guān)系詞。本題缺少時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，故填when。2013年高考英語(yǔ)試題分類匯編之單項(xiàng)填空專題08定語(yǔ)從句1.【2013浙江卷】The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform_ visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.A. whatB. whereC. whenD. why【答案】 B【解析】試題分析：考查定語(yǔ)從句。該句中的先行詞是a viewing platform，此處先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故用關(guān)系副詞where，據(jù)此我們這里選B項(xiàng)。【名師點(diǎn)睛】定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)鍵在于分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，定語(yǔ)從句中如果既不缺主語(yǔ)，也不缺賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)，就要考慮是否用關(guān)系副詞或whose作定語(yǔ)，意為“誰(shuí)的”。至于如何判斷缺不缺主或是賓語(yǔ)，尤其是缺賓語(yǔ)的情況，要將先行詞帶到定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后看是否符合邏輯搭配，如符合則缺賓語(yǔ)，如不符合就不缺。2.2013重慶卷 John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of _ are family members.Athem Bthat Cwhich Dwhom【答案】D【解析】試題分析：考查定語(yǔ)從句。該句為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，用whom來(lái)代替people并連接主從句。【名師點(diǎn)睛】考查定語(yǔ)從句一要看先行詞，而要看從句的成分，如果缺少主賓表，要用that或which,缺少狀語(yǔ)用關(guān)系副詞，缺少定語(yǔ)用whose。如果定語(yǔ)從句中缺少介詞+先行詞，就用介詞+which/whom引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。3.2013陜西卷 is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived. A. It B. That C. What D. As【答案】D【解析】【名師點(diǎn)睛】as可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，可以