新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大學(xué)英語綜合教程2的5678單元的summary和英譯漢漢譯英詞組之類的.doc

unit5 summaryAs an anti-war novel, Catch-22 is well known for its _comic_ tone as against the normal perception of a war novel which tends to be serious, sentimental and involve _bloodshed. Its main character is Yossarian. Unlike the war heroes who would die for their home country, Yossarian aims to _survive_ the war and go back home.To achieve this goal, he has to pretend to be insane_. If he were crazy, he could be_grounded. So he had to ask Doc Daneeka first. But once he asked Doc Daneeka, it meant he would no longer be crazy and would have to fly more _missions_. Normally, he was sane if he didnt fly more missions while he would be crazy if he flew more missions. Anyway, he would be plunged into a tricky _situation_ a Catch-22 situation.unit7 summaryOn a cold, windy morning, I was _hanging up_ the laundry in the backyard, while Hogahn was playing a two-foot oak branch that had fallen into his _lovingpossession_. Focused on _capturing_the sheet which was trying to _sail off_ over the pond to join the sky so that it _draped evenly_ over the line, I _distractedly_ picked up the stick and _tossed_ it down the hill toward the fence that separated the yard from the water.But the stick _went further_ than I expected and fell into the pond. So did Hogahn, who raced to catch the stick. I was _penetratingly aware of_ the dangers of drowning in the icy pond, but I still walked into it to save the dog. After I carried him out of the water and _rubbed_ him with a towel, Hogahn went over and examined my wet clothes on the floor. He was pleased that we had shared _a dramatic experience_together. unit8summaryIn the book Painting as a _Pastime_ , Churchill argues, very successfully, that every thinking person should have two or three life long _hobbies_. He has a strong opinion that when the human mind is focused on the hobby, then the parts of the mind that run the persons enterprise can actually be under_recuperation_ and repair.Churchill contends that, to a public man, the _cultivation_ of a hobby is a _policy_ of first importance. He suggests that hobbies must be things people enjoy doing in their spare time, and people need a hobby that is _different from their work. unit9summaryIn the old days student life at university was _easy_. Students didnt have to work too hard. They usually managed to keep up with the work by _dashing off_the weeks essay at the last minute. But today, with _no shortage_ of graduates, competition is _tough_, and students are spending more time preparing for _dreaded final exams_,or doing _low-paid_ part-timejobs to _pay off debts_. But thats the problem that they lack the basic skills to_get ahead in the global market_. One solution is believed to _include social skills in degree courses_, for example, _working in teams_ and _contributing to the community_. This approach will help many students develop personal skills which will help _improve their prospects_in their search for a job, and gain a wealth of experience to be added to the CV, which will not _go unnoticed_ by future employers.英譯漢Unit 51 It was a horrible joke, but Doc Daneeka didnt laugh until Yossarian came to him one mission later and pleaded again, without any real expectation of success, to be grounded. Doc Daneeka snickered once and was soon immersed in problems of his own, which included Chief White Halfoat, who had been challenging him all that morning to Indian wrestle, and Yossarian, who decided right then and there to go crazy.那是個粗魯?shù)耐嫘?，可是達(dá)尼卡大夫并沒有笑，直到約薩里安又執(zhí)行了一次任務(wù)之后，再次來求他要求停飛盡管這沒有任何指望。達(dá)尼卡大夫竊笑了一下，很快又沉浸到他自己的麻煩中去了，這包括懷特哈夫特指揮官那天早上一直在向他挑戰(zhàn)，要和他比印度式摔跤，而約薩里安則恰恰在彼時彼地決定要發(fā)瘋。2 There was only one catch and that was catch-22, which specified that a concern for ones own safety in the face of dangers that were real and immediate was the process of a rational mind. Orr was crazy and could be grounded. All he had to do was ask; and as soon as he did, he would no longer be crazy and would have to fly more missions.只有一個卡子，那就是第二十二條軍規(guī)，它規(guī)定：在面對真正的、緊迫的危險時考慮到自身安全是理智的思維過程。奧爾瘋了，因此可以停飛。他只須提出請求；而一旦他提出請求，他就不再是瘋子，就得去執(zhí)行更多的飛行任務(wù)。3 Our many Jewish friends and acquaintances are being taken away in droves. The Gestapo is treating them very roughly and transporting them in cattle cars to Westerbork, the big camp in Drenthe to which theyre sending all the Jews . If its that bad in Holland, what must it be like in those faraway and uncivilized places where the Germans are sending them?我們的許多猶太人朋友和熟人都被成群地帶走了。蓋世太保對他們非常粗暴，用運(yùn)牲口的拖車把他們運(yùn)送到德倫特最大的集中營威斯特伯克，他們把所有猶太人都遣送到那里。如果說在荷蘭都這么糟，那么在德國人送他們?nèi)サ哪切┻b遠(yuǎn)的蠻荒之地又會是什么樣呢？4 The voice that comes across is of a solitary young girl writing for herself, yet at the same time it is the cry of all those innocent victims of evil whose fate was to suffer in the Second World War. That is why Anne Franks diary has achieved fame as the voice of the Holocaust in which six million Jews were murdered: She speaks for all of humanity. 它傳來的是一個孤獨(dú)少女的聲音，她為自己寫作，但同時也是所有無辜受邪惡迫害者的吶喊，他們的命運(yùn)就是在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間受難。這就是安妮弗蘭克的日記被譽(yù)為猶太人大屠殺（其間有六百萬猶太人被殺害）之聲的原因：她的話代表了全人類的心聲。Unit 71 I had tossed sticks for him before and knew the approximate distance they would go, depending upon their weight and my motion. This stick, however, caught a gust and, flying where the sheet wanted to go, sailed across the yard, over the fence, and, with a fine skaters touch, glided onto the pond. 我以前也經(jīng)常這樣為他扔木頭。根據(jù)木頭的不同重量和我的動作的大小，我知道它們大概能飛多遠(yuǎn)。但這塊木頭趕上了一陣疾風(fēng)，朝著床單想去的方向飛過了院子，越過了圍欄，最后以溜冰高手般的優(yōu)美動作滑進(jìn)湖水里。2 The next moment I was standing in the water and Hogahn was swimming toward me, breaking the ice with his front paws. He seemed a little startled by the intrusion of the ice in his path, but definitely in control. I went as far as I could until the pond bottom sank down under my weight and the ice water penetrated my jacket, and I stood and waited.接下來的一瞬間我已經(jīng)站在水里，霍根用前爪破冰朝我游過來。一路上冰塊的侵?jǐn)_似乎讓他受了些驚嚇，但他絕對能控制得住自己。我盡量向前趟，直到我的雙腳陷進(jìn)湖底的爛泥，冰冷的湖水浸透了我的夾克。我站在那兒等著。3 It can recognize different people and make choices about what to eat or which path to take. But does this mean that an animal is capable of thinking and, if so, can it be proved? Our perceptions of animals are filtered through our own human understanding of the world and we often project human feelings and thoughts onto other creatures. 它會認(rèn)人、選擇食物、識別道路。但這是否意味著它們有思維能力呢？如果有的話，又如何證實呢？我們對動物的認(rèn)知是經(jīng)過過濾的，是建立在人類對世界的理解的基礎(chǔ)上的，我們常常把人類的情感和思想投射到其他動物身上。4 Many scientists in the 20th century dismissed such findings as unreliable, usually influenced by anthropomorphism, in other words, judging animals by human attributes. However, the pendulum is now swinging away from thinking of animals as machines without intelligence, and back towards Darwins ideas. A wide range of studies on animals suggests that the roots of intelligence are deep, widespread across the animal kingdom and highly changeable. 許多20世紀(jì)的科學(xué)家輕視這些發(fā)現(xiàn)，認(rèn)為它們不可靠，是受了擬人說的影響，即根據(jù)人的特征來判斷動物。但是，現(xiàn)在輿論的天平已經(jīng)不再向那些認(rèn)為動物像機(jī)器一樣沒有智慧的觀點傾斜了，而是向達(dá)爾文的觀點傾斜。大范圍的動物研究表明：智慧之根在動物界的分布既深又廣，變化多端。Unit 81. As for the unfortunate people who can command everything they want, who can gratify every caprice and lay their hands on almost every object of desire- for them a new pleasure, a new excitement is only an additional satiation. In vain they rush frantically round from place to place, trying to escape from avenging boredom by mere clatter and motion.那些能夠支配一切、肆意妄為、染指一切追求目標(biāo)的人是不幸的。對于他們而言，多一種新的樂趣、多一種新的刺激只是增加一份厭膩而已。他們到處亂跑，企圖靠喧鬧騷動來擺脫無聊對他們的報復(fù)，但這么做是徒勞的。2. They have their compensations. The long hours in the office or the factory bring with them as their reward, not only the means of sustenance, but a keen appetite for pleasure even in its simplest and most modest forms. But fortunes favored children belong to the second class. Their life is a natural harmony.他們是能夠得到補(bǔ)償?shù)?。在辦公室或工廠里長時間工作給他們帶來了報酬。這不僅是謀生的手段，也使他們對尋找快樂充滿了渴望，哪怕是最簡單、最樸素的快樂。但是，幸運(yùn)之神偏愛的是第二種人。他們的生活是一種自然的和諧。3. Of course, for the true coach potato, there are inherent risks. Perhaps the greatest of these results from the lack of exercise, and is referred to by professional coach potatoes as telly belly. Some, however, see their telly belly as a mark of dedication to their leisure inactivity, and wear it proudly over the top of their trousers.當(dāng)然，對于真正的沙發(fā)土豆來說，固有的危險還是有的。也許最大的危險來自于缺乏鍛煉，其后果被專業(yè)沙發(fā)土豆稱為電視肚。然而，有些人則是自己的電視肚為專注于閑暇無為的標(biāo)志，驕傲地把它系在褲腰上。4. In fact, leaving the computer not only seems pointless but also risks a threat by some rival mouse potato in brighter time zone across the world. For time off, they usually perform extensive Internet searches or participate in online chat rooms, leaving ill-informed and badly spelt opinions around the virtual world, and generally insulting ones intelligence.事實上，離開電腦不僅毫無意義，而且會是你收到世界上較亮?xí)r區(qū)的鼠標(biāo)土豆對手的威脅。休息時間，他們通常廣泛搜索互聯(lián)網(wǎng)或加入在線聊天室，在虛擬世界到處留下缺乏見識和拼寫拙劣的意見，一般來說也是對人家智力的侮辱。Unit 91. There can be no doubt that this sort of cooperative approach can help many students develop personal skills which will help improve their prospects in their search for a job. One of the most well-known personality tests used by employers when interviewing candidates, the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), put the extrovert/introvert dichotomy at the top of the list of personality traits it tries to analyze.毫無疑問，這種合作學(xué)習(xí)法能幫助許多學(xué)生培養(yǎng)有助于改善就業(yè)前景的個人技能。公司在面試應(yīng)聘者時使用的最有名的人格測試之一是“邁爾斯布里格斯性格分析法”（簡稱MBTI），這種分類法吧外向/內(nèi)向性格兩分法置于它所分析的人格特征列表之首。2. For students who choose to offer their talents in this way, one side effect is to gain a wealth of experience to be added to the CV, which will not go unnoticed by future employers. But a word of warning is in order: You should remember what your priorities are.對那些選擇在這方面施展才能的學(xué)生而言，還有個意外的收獲：可以把他們獲取的豐富的經(jīng)驗寫進(jìn)個人簡歷里，而未來的雇主是不會不注意到這些經(jīng)驗的。不過提醒一句：你應(yīng)該記住自己的首要目的是什么。3. We set up their annual cataract eye camp, with free cataract surgery for the local elderly or anyone that needed an eye check. We helped set up the school, cleaned it out , and turned the classroom into the surgery room. It was called the “operation theater”. The first two days were dedicated to the eyes surgery, and the rest of the week to the eye camp.我們幫他們搭建每年一度的白內(nèi)障治療營地，為當(dāng)?shù)乩夏臧變?nèi)障患者免費(fèi)做手術(shù)，或為有需求的人檢查眼疾。我們幫他們改裝學(xué)校，打掃環(huán)境門將教室變成外科手術(shù)室，稱為“手術(shù)教室”。頭兩天幫忙做眼科手術(shù)，后五天在白內(nèi)障營地幫忙。4. They were a bit unorganized, which could have been improved with better communication between the local agencies and VFP. The best part was bonding with the volunteers, and the agencies did a good job in varying our tasks We got to know the locals. Every time I think about riding through the rice fields, being invited in for tea, it makes me smile.他們做事不太有條理，如果地方機(jī)構(gòu)和志愿者組織之間能夠更好的相互溝通的話，事情就會順利一些。最好的經(jīng)歷是與其他志愿者建立友情，地方機(jī)構(gòu)盡量給我們分配不同任務(wù)我們開始了解當(dāng)?shù)厝?。每?dāng)想起汽車穿過稻田，硬要去當(dāng)?shù)厝思液炔璧那榫?，我都會微笑。漢譯英Unit 51 雖然遇到了很多困難，但在他的帶領(lǐng)下，公司產(chǎn)品打開了銷路，總體形勢也有了好轉(zhuǎn)。為了表彰他的突出貢獻(xiàn)，公司決定獎勵他一套住房。( come across; for the better; in recognition of)Though they came across many difficulties, under his leadership they successfully found a market for their products, and the overall situation was changing for the better. In recognition of his outstanding contributions, the company has decided to give a flat as an award.2 當(dāng)約翰向他挑戰(zhàn)，要跟他比擊劍的時候，他感到非常尷尬，因為他自知劍術(shù)不高，不是約翰的對手。如果他接受挑戰(zhàn)，他肯定會輸；可如果不接受呢，他就是個懦夫。(challenge to)When John challenged him to fencing, he was very embarrassed because he knew that he was no match for John at fencing. If he took the challenge, he would surely lose; but if he didnt, he would be a coward.3 他昨天感冒了。我們本以為他好好睡一晚就會好起來，所以今天早上就送他去上學(xué)了。但是下午放學(xué)回家時他發(fā)起燒來，不得不臥床休息。( assume; confine to)He caught a cold yesterday. Assuming that he would get better after a good nights sleep, we sent him to school this morning. But later in the afternoon, he got back home with a fever and was confined to bed.4 在過去的幾年里，我得了幾次重病，一直在貧困狀態(tài)中生活，但是我沒有放棄我的夢想。無論發(fā)生什么事，我總是堅守我的夢想，而夢想對我來說也變成了極大的支持和安慰。（ abandon; in spite of; cling to)In the past few years, I have had several severe illnesses and lived in a state of poverty, but I have never abandoned my dreams. In spite of everything I clung to my dreams, which has turned out to be a great support and comfort to me.Unit 71 夜賊們忙著往皮卡里扔贓物，急著想盡快開車逃走。正在這時，負(fù)責(zé)看守小區(qū)的保安發(fā)現(xiàn)了他們，并報了警。（just about; watch over）The burglars were throwing the stolen items to the pickup and were just about to drive away when the guards watching over the living quarters found them and called the police.2 三個士兵在密林深處艱難地行走了一整天，試圖走向河的東岸，結(jié)果卻發(fā)現(xiàn)他們只在樹林里打轉(zhuǎn)，離目的地仍有幾十英里之遙。 ( only to find; short of)The three soldiers had walked with difficulty through the woods for a whole day, trying to navigate to the east bank of the river, only to find that they had been circling the woods and were still dozens of miles short of their destination.3 我覺得今天早晨做動物心智報告的那位學(xué)者顯然高估了動物的智慧，她甚至認(rèn)為黑猩猩能夠用電腦跟人進(jìn)行交流。 ( go so far as to)It seems to me that the scholar who talked about animal intelligence this morning has obviously overestimated the animal intelligence. She went so far as to suggest that chimpanzees can communicate with humans through computers.4 作為志愿者，我們不僅僅要對前來詢問或?qū)で髱椭娜宋⑿Ψ?wù)，我們還應(yīng)該具備跨文化交際的技巧，否則我們就干不好這個工作。 ( be limited to)As volunteers, what we need to do is not just limited to smiling to those who comes to us for information and help. We must also learn skills for cross-cultural communication, without which our job cannot be satisfactory.Unit 81. 整天把自己埋在書本里是沒有用的。要培養(yǎng)一些業(yè)余愛好，每隔一段時間參加一些體育鍛煉或課外活動。勞逸結(jié)合才是健康的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣。( its no use doing sth; take up; at intervals; extracurricular activities)Its no use burying yourselves in books all day. Youd better take up some hobbies and take part in sports or extracurricular activities at intervals. A healthy study habit is to keep a balance between work and rest.2. 工作選對了，不但是可以維持生計的手段，還來可以幫你擺脫無聊，是你不用擔(dān)心接受了多年的高等教育之后會虛度人生。(a means of sustenance; banish sth from ones mind)If your job is rightly chosen, it will not only give you a means of sustenance, but also help escape from the boredom and banish from you mind the worry about learning a meaningless life after so many years of higher education.3. 手頭沒有事情可做時，他常常主動幫助社區(qū)做些義務(wù)勞動。很有可能是受到他的影響，社區(qū)里越來越多的人加入到了志愿者的行列。(at hand; it may well be that)When he had nothing to do at hand, he used to do volunteer to do something for his community. It may well be that under his influence more and more people in the community joined in to become volunteers.4. 我以前看電視連續(xù)劇常常看到深夜，這太費(fèi)時間，還影響我的健康和體型。為了避免誘惑，我把電視機(jī)搬出了我的屋子，開始從事別的休閑活動，比如讀書、彈鋼琴。(risk; take up)I used to watch TV series late into the night, which took up too much time and risked my health and shape. To avoid temptation, I removed the TV set from my room and took up other leisure activities such as reading and playing piano.Unit 91. 如今對中國的中學(xué)畢業(yè)生而言，上大學(xué)已經(jīng)不是什么太困難的事情了，因為現(xiàn)在大學(xué)的數(shù)量已經(jīng)是二十年前的三倍。但是，要被一流大學(xué)錄取，你還是要比同齡人有更強(qiáng)的競爭力才行。(timesas many)Nowadays in china, its no longer so hard for high school graduates to go to university, because there are three times as many universities as there were 20 years ago. But to be admitted by a first-class university, you still need to be more competitive than your peers. 2. 你花錢參加這個項目是很值的，因為你從中獲取的職業(yè)技能可以改善你的就業(yè)前景，而且你所有的努力終將會得到回報。( acquire; prospects; pay off)It is worthwhile to spend money on this project, for the career skills you acquire in the process will help improve your prospects in your search for a job and all your efforts will eventually pay off.3. 雖然通過和這些志愿者并肩工作，我可以學(xué)會怎樣與他人合作，但我得叫參加費(fèi)。我不得不承認(rèn)為此我正在花更多的時間去兼職掙錢，這讓我總覺的時間不夠用。( work side by side with/alongside ;acknowledge; save up for)Though I can learn teamwork by working side by side with these volunteers, I need to pay for the participation. I have to acknowledge that I am now spending more time doing part-time jobs to save up for the project, which makes me feel a shortage of time.4. 不同的運(yùn)動在身高、年齡、力量、耐力等方面對參加者有不同的要求。因此有多少種運(yùn)動就有多少種類型的運(yùn)動員。想?yún)⒓舆\(yùn)動的人總能找到合適的項目。(in terms of; as many as; no doubt)Different sports have different requirements in terms of height, age, strength and stamina/endurance. Therefore, there are as many types of athletes as there are sports. There can be no doubt that who wants to get some exercise can find the right sport.Unit 7 Active reading 11. the bed of the pickup2. protecting relationship 3. a thin layer of ice 4. blowing leaves 5. light branches6. hang up the laundry 7. at the edge of the water8. lift oneself with the wind 9. trap the sheet with a clothespin10. pant warm clouds of 11. loving possession12. drape evenly o