商務(wù)英語(yǔ)重點(diǎn) (翻譯版)1.doc

Guidelines for the Final Examination of Business English商務(wù)英語(yǔ)的最終考試指導(dǎo)方針 2011 Fall Semester2011秋季學(xué)期（所有翻譯均是按原文使用百度翻譯的，基本都能知道大概意思）1. Scope1。范圍The content for the final examination will cover units 1-13 of the textbook, splitting into seven parts: True/False questions, blanks filling, multiple choices, Chinese/English translations, reading comprehension, and short-essay writing. Students are required to go over the texts/questions of listening task, speaking task (the first dialogue only), and reading task of each unit, as well as the notes or minutes taken from the class. For the writing tasks, students need know to write business letters and memos in formal format and etiquette as well as resume or curriculum vitae (CV). With provided information, students should be ready to write a short business letter or memo, or organize the information for a business presentation.內(nèi)容為最后的考試將蓋單位1 - 13的教材，分為七個(gè)部分：真/假問(wèn)題，空白的填補(bǔ)，多種選擇，中文/英文翻譯，閱讀理解，寫作和short-essay。要求學(xué)生在文本/問(wèn)題聽力任務(wù)，任務(wù)（第一次對(duì)話只），和閱讀任務(wù)的各單位，以及筆記或分鐘從班。為寫作任務(wù)，學(xué)生需要知道寫商業(yè)信函和備忘錄，正式的格式和禮儀以及簡(jiǎn)歷或履歷（簡(jiǎn)歷）。提供的信息，學(xué)生應(yīng)該準(zhǔn)備寫一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)短的商務(wù)信函、備忘錄，或組織信息的一個(gè)業(yè)務(wù)介紹。2. Time2。時(shí)間The time length for the final is 120 minutes or two hours, and the date of the final is currently scheduled on the first date of the 18th week of this semester. Please check the OA frequently for the notice.最后的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度是120分鐘或2小時(shí)，和日期的最后目前預(yù)定在第一次約會(huì)，本學(xué)期的第十八周。請(qǐng)檢查炎頻繁的通知。3. The following portions list the focuses or questions for students to prepare for the final examination.3。以下部分列出重點(diǎn)或問(wèn)題的學(xué)生準(zhǔn)備考試。I. Vocabulary & Expressions我的詞匯與表達(dá)Review vocabulary & notes of each unit. Generally understand vocabulary extension and language focus.審查的詞匯和注釋每一單元。一般理解詞匯和語(yǔ)言焦點(diǎn)。II. Questions for main concepts and ideas 。問(wèn)題的主要概念和思想 ( Listening, Speaking, Reading & Writing Tasks)（聽力，口語(yǔ)，閱讀和寫作任務(wù)）1.What do you know about foreign trade or international business?1。你知道什么是對(duì)外貿(mào)易、國(guó)際商務(wù)？2.Can you give some tips as advice for job interview?2。你能給一些提示建議求職面試？3.Why do you need to do some research before an interview? 3。你為什么要做一些研究之前，面試嗎？4.What is meant by good interview etiquette? 4。什么是良好的面試禮儀？5.Why is it necessary for a job candidate to prepare some questions?5。為什么是必要的一個(gè)求職者準(zhǔn)備一些問(wèn)題嗎？6.When someone describes his company, what information do you think they should provide?6。當(dāng)某人描述他的公司，什么樣的信息，你認(rèn)為他們應(yīng)該提供？- Companys name 公司的名字Time for establishment 時(shí)間設(shè)置Size and location大小和位置Main business activities主要業(yè)務(wù)活動(dòng)Main customers Last years total sales 主要客戶去年的總銷售額Other necessary information其他必要的信息7.What is the purpose of business reports?7。創(chuàng)業(yè)的目的是什么報(bào)告？8.What is the general format of a memo?8。什么是通用格式的備忘錄嗎？9.Before making a business travel, what preparations should be made?9。在商務(wù)旅行，應(yīng)作什么準(zhǔn)備？10.What does an itinerary generally include?10。什么是一個(gè)行程一般包括？11.What is a meeting agenda? 11。什么是會(huì)議議程？12.Why is a written agenda used for a meeting?12。為什么書面議程用于會(huì)議？13.What items are included in an agenda? / Do you know the structure of an agenda? 13。什么項(xiàng)目被列入議程？/你知道的結(jié)構(gòu)，一個(gè)議程？14.What is the format of minutes of a meeting? 14。是什么格式會(huì)議紀(jì)要？15.What is a presentation?15。是什么表現(xiàn)？16.What should a presentation generally consist? / What does an effective presentation structure include? 16。什么應(yīng)該表現(xiàn)一般組成？什么有效的演示結(jié)構(gòu)包括？17.How do you make an effective beginning of an oral presentation? 17。你如何建立一個(gè)有效的開始口頭報(bào)告？18.Why is it important for international business people to understand business etiquette?18。為什么是重要的國(guó)際商務(wù)人士了解商務(wù)禮儀？19.Can you give some examples of improper business etiquette?19。你能舉些例子不當(dāng)?shù)纳虅?wù)禮儀？20.What does business etiquette revolve around?20。什么是商務(wù)禮儀轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)嗎？21.Do you think it is important for international business people to take cross cultural negotiation training? Why or why not?21。你認(rèn)為這是重要的國(guó)際商務(wù)人士采取跨文化談判的培訓(xùn)？為什么或?yàn)槭裁床唬?2.Do you know the following terms of enquiry, offer, a firm offer, counter offer, quote, CIF, FOB, commission, terms of payment, letter of credit, offer without engagement, terms and conditions, an indication of price, a trial order, an exact market, a repeat order? 22。你知道下列條件的查詢，提供，實(shí)盤報(bào)價(jià)，還價(jià)，離岸價(jià)，到岸價(jià)，委員會(huì)，支付方式，信用證，提供無(wú)接觸，條款和條件，說(shuō)明價(jià)格，審判秩序，一個(gè)準(zhǔn)確的市場(chǎng)，一個(gè)重復(fù)順序？23.Do you know some foreign currencies? 23。你知道一些外國(guó)貨幣？24.What are trade terms or price terms? 24。什么是貿(mào)易條款和價(jià)格條款？25.What does unit price comprise? 25。價(jià)格包括什么？26.When negotiating the price of a product, what are the key elements to be considered?26。談判時(shí)的價(jià)格的產(chǎn)品，什么是關(guān)鍵因素加以考慮？27.Do you know the main modes of payment in international trade?27。你知道主要的支付方式，在國(guó)際貿(mào)易？28.Why should commodities be packed?28。為什么商品包裝的？29.How are cargoes classified?29貨物。如何分類？30.What are the main types of packing?30。什么是主要類型的包裝？31.What are the main modes of shipment?31。什么是主要模式的？32.What are the advantages and disadvantages of each mode? 32。什么是優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)每個(gè)模式？33.What are shipping instruction and shipping advice? 33。什么是航運(yùn)和航運(yùn)咨詢？34.What may cause customers to make complaints?34。什么可能導(dǎo)致客戶投訴？35.Do you know some common causes for complaints and claims in international trade? 35。你知道一些常見的投訴原因和索賠在國(guó)際貿(mào)易？36.Do you know how to write letters of complaints and adjustments?36。你知道如何寫投訴信和調(diào)整？37.What is the difference between marketing and sales?37。之間的區(qū)別是什么營(yíng)銷和銷售？38.What is the marketing mix? 38。什么是市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷？39.What are referred to as the four Ps of marketing?39。什么是被稱為四個(gè)“點(diǎn)”的營(yíng)銷？40.How do you understand the term “globalization?40。你怎么理解“全球化？41.What is a typical heading for a fax?41。什么是典型的標(biāo)題為一個(gè)傳真？42.What is E-commerce? How does it work?42。什么是電子商務(wù)？它是如何工作的？43.What are the benefits of E-commerce?43。什么是電子商務(wù)的好處？44.Whats the difference between E-commerce and E-business? 44。什么是電子商務(wù)和電子商務(wù)之間的區(qū)別？45.Do you know how to write an E-mail? 45。你知道如何寫一封電子郵件嗎？III. Writings三、著作Unit 11單元Curriculum Vitae (CV) 履歷（簡(jiǎn)歷） An account of a persons qualifications, interests and work experience, usually sent with an application for a job. The proper way to design a CV is to present the best image of yourself in accordance with the job requirements. Generally speaking, a CV should have no more than two pages. There are several standard CV formats. The most popular format usually contains the following components.考慮一個(gè)人的資格，利益和工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)，通常會(huì)發(fā)送一個(gè)應(yīng)用程序的工作。適當(dāng)?shù)脑O(shè)計(jì)方法是目前最好的形象，根據(jù)工作要求。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，簡(jiǎn)歷應(yīng)該不超過(guò)2頁(yè)。有幾個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)簡(jiǎn)歷格式。最流行的格式通常包含以下組件。1)Basic Personal Information1）個(gè)人基本信息2)Job Objective2）工作目標(biāo)3)Education3）教育4)Work Experience4）工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)5)Social Practice / Extracurricular Activities5）社會(huì)實(shí)踐和課外活動(dòng)6)Hobbies and Interests6）愛好和興趣Application Letter (Cover Letter)申請(qǐng)信（信） A letter with a document or goods explaining the contents. Effective application letters explain the reasons for your interest in the specific organization and identify your most relevant skills or experiences. They normally contain faro parts in which you should:字母的文件或物品說(shuō)明內(nèi)容。有效運(yùn)用字母解釋的原因，你有興趣的具體組織和確定最相關(guān)的技能和經(jīng)驗(yàn)。他們通常包含在你的家： 1) confirm that you wish to apply and say where you learned abort the job;1）確認(rèn)你想申請(qǐng)，說(shuō)你在哪里學(xué)到中止工作； 2) say why you are interested in the position and relate your interest;2）為什么你對(duì)這個(gè)職位感興趣并與你的興趣； 3) show that you can contribute to the job by high lighting your most relevant skills and experience;3）表明，你可以有助于工作的高照明你最相關(guān)的技能和經(jīng)驗(yàn)； 4) indicate your wiliness to attend an interview.4）表明你的意愿參加面試。Unit 2 2單元Business Report經(jīng)營(yíng)報(bào)告A business report conveys information to assist in decision-making. Some reports might present the actual solution to solve a business problem; other report might record historical information that will be useful to assist in future decision making. Here are some basic steps for you to follow when writing a business report.商務(wù)報(bào)告?zhèn)鬟_(dá)信息，協(xié)助決策。一些報(bào)告可能目前的實(shí)際解決辦法來(lái)解決業(yè)務(wù)問(wèn)題；其他報(bào)告可能有記錄的歷史信息，將是有益的，協(xié)助未來(lái)決策。這里有一些基本的步驟，你走的時(shí)候?qū)懮虅?wù)報(bào)告。1) Planning the writing1）計(jì)劃的寫作2) Organizing the report into sections2）組織報(bào)告部分3) Revision3）修訂Unit 3 3單元Memo (Memorandum) 備忘錄（備忘錄）A brief record written as an aid to the memory. It is used to describe the standard format of internal communication, which an organization uses for its own staff. 簡(jiǎn)要記錄作為援助的記憶。它是用來(lái)描述的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)格式的內(nèi)部溝通，其中一個(gè)組織使用自己的員工。Memos usually serve the following purposes: 備忘錄通常為以下目的：lGive instructions or notify events which have occurred; l指示或通知事件發(fā)生；lSeek information; l尋求信息；lOffer ideas and suggestions. l提供意見及建議。The heading segment follows this general format: 標(biāo)題一般格式如下這段：TO: 到：FROM:從：DATE:日期：SUBJECT: 主題：Unit 4 4單元Itinerary行程An account or record of a journey or proposed route of a journey. It is usually to be made, including the time to set out and return, the route of visit, the dwelling place, the main contents of visit, etc. 一個(gè)帳戶或記錄旅行或提出的行車路線。它通常被制成，包括時(shí)間出發(fā)和返回，路線參觀，居住的地方，主要內(nèi)容的訪問(wèn)，等等。Such an itinerary generally includes: 這樣的行程一般包括：ltitle;l稱號(hào)；ltime; l時(shí)間；lplace; l地方；lcontents of activities.l活動(dòng)內(nèi)容。Unit 55單元Meeting Agenda會(huì)議議程Meeting Agendas are a significant list that helps the chairperson to structure the meeting and the secretary or minute-taker to keep track of what is being discussed. 會(huì)議議程的一個(gè)重要清單，幫助主席結(jié)構(gòu)的會(huì)議和秘書或minute-taker保持軌道在討論什么。Agendas may vary in form. However, they should follow a structure and list standard items: 議程可能有不同的形式。然而，他們應(yīng)該遵循的結(jié)構(gòu)和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)項(xiàng)目列表：lwelcome any special visitors l歡迎任何特殊的客人lapologies for absence 沒有l(wèi)道歉lspecial event l特殊事件lconfirmation of minutes of the previous meetingl確認(rèn)以往的會(huì)議記錄lbusiness arising out of minutesl業(yè)務(wù)所產(chǎn)生的分鐘lcorrespondence sent and receivedl對(duì)應(yīng)的發(fā)送和接收l(shuí)reportsl報(bào)告ladjourned businessl延期業(yè)務(wù)lgeneral business l一般業(yè)務(wù)lany other business l任何其他業(yè)務(wù)lclose of meeting l會(huì)議結(jié)束Minutes分鐘Minutes of a meeting are the agreed record of discussion and decision made. The purpose of minute is to record permanently the proceedings of a meeting, as well as to provide a basis for action. 會(huì)議紀(jì)要是記錄的討論和決定同意。目的是永久記錄會(huì)議決議，以及提供行動(dòng)的基礎(chǔ)。Unit 6 6單元Presentation介紹A presentation, in the broadest sense, is every encounter you have with every person you ever meet. More specifically, however, whenever you are asked to appear in front of one or more people for the purpose of explaining, educating, convincing, or otherwise conveying information to them, you have a presentation. 介紹，在最廣泛的意義，是每一個(gè)遇到你與你遇到的每個(gè)人。更具體地說(shuō)，然而，每當(dāng)你被要求出現(xiàn)在前面的一個(gè)或多個(gè)人民為目的的解釋，教育，說(shuō)服，或以其他方式傳送信息給他們，你有一個(gè)介紹。Structuring a well-organized presentation is your key to success. 構(gòu)建一個(gè)組織良好的表現(xiàn)是你成功的關(guān)鍵。An effective presentation structure includes演講的結(jié)構(gòu)(1) an effective opening, （1）一個(gè)有效的開放，(2) a preview of the main points, （2）一個(gè)預(yù)覽要點(diǎn)，(3) clearly demarcated main points, and （3）明確劃定的主要觀點(diǎn)，并(4) an effective closing.（4）一個(gè)有效的關(guān)閉。Unit7 第七單元Letters for Establishing Business Relations建立業(yè)務(wù)關(guān)系的信 In writing such a letter, the following contents should be included:寫這樣的信，以下內(nèi)容應(yīng)包括：lThe purpose of your letter;l寫信的目的；lThe nature of your companys business: agent, exporter, importer or manufacturer;l性質(zhì)的公司業(yè)務(wù)：代理，出口商，進(jìn)口商或制造商；lThe business scope of your company and also the branches and liaison offices, if any;l貴公司的主要業(yè)務(wù)也有分公司和聯(lián)絡(luò)處，如果有任何；lThe reference as to your companys financial position and integrity;l參考作為貴公司的財(cái)務(wù)狀況和完整性；lAs an exporter, you should describe emphatically the quality of your products;l作為出口商，你應(yīng)該著重描述你的產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量；lIf available, a brief introduction to your company, catalogue, price lists, etc. should be enclosed. l如果可用，簡(jiǎn)要介紹一下貴公司的目錄，價(jià)格表，應(yīng)封閉，等等。lAs an importer, what commodities you want to buy and sell and your sales potential as well;l作為進(jìn)口商，什么商品你想買和賣你的銷售潛力等；Unit 88單元Enquiries 詢盤 An enquire is a letter you write to try to ask for more information concerning a product, service or other information about a product or service that interests you. 一個(gè)查詢是一封信你寫來(lái)要求更多的有關(guān)產(chǎn)品，服務(wù)或其他有關(guān)產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)的信息，你的利益。 When making an enquiry, keep it brief, specific, clear and to the point. 查詢時(shí)，保持它簡(jiǎn)單，具體，明確的指出。 For a first enquiry, the following information should be included: 在第一次查詢，要包括以下信息：lA brief mention of how you obtained your potential suppliers name; l簡(jiǎn)短提及你如何得到你潛在供應(yīng)商的名稱；lSome information of the demand in your area for the goods; l一些信息的需求在你的地區(qū)商品；lDetails of what you want to know, such as a catalogue, price list, a sample, a quotation, and so on.l細(xì)節(jié)你想知道的，比如一個(gè)目錄，價(jià)目表，樣品，報(bào)價(jià)，等等。Offers提供的An offer is a letter you respond to enquiries from potential customers. 一個(gè)提供信回應(yīng)查詢潛在客戶。The best impression will be made by providing the materials or information the perspective client has asked for. This positive impression will be proved by a well written response.最好的印象將是由提供的材料或信息的角度客戶要求。這種積極的印象將是證明了一個(gè)好的書面答復(fù)。Unit 99單元Counter-offer Letters 還盤信還盤信還盤信函A counter-offer letter is a letter when a buyer refuses to accept all or part of the terms and conditions made by the seller, and in the letter, the buyer will state his own terms and conditions to the seller. A counter-offer is really a new offer. 還盤信信是當(dāng)買方拒絕接受全部或部分的條款和條件，由賣方，并在信中，買方將陳述自己的條款和條件下，賣方。真是一個(gè)新的報(bào)價(jià)還價(jià)。A satisfactory letter of a counter-offer should cover the following points: 一個(gè)令人滿意的的還盤信應(yīng)包括下列幾點(diǎn)：lExpress the buyers thanks to the seller for the offer;l表示買方由于賣方報(bào)價(jià)；lExpress regret at the buyers inability to accept;l表示遺憾買方無(wú)法接受；lMake a counter-offer if it is appropriate;l作出還價(jià)如果是適當(dāng)?shù)?；lExpress hopes of mutually beneficial business cooperation. l表示希望互惠的業(yè)務(wù)合作。Unit 11 11單元Shipping Advice (裝船通知單)裝船通知（裝船通知單）A shipping advice is what the exporter notifies their dispatch to the importer before or after effecting shipment. In case of CFR transaction, a shipping advice is also necessary for the importer to cover insurance of their goods. 裝船通知是出口商通知發(fā)送給進(jìn)口商之前或之后執(zhí)行裝運(yùn)。在案件的交易，航運(yùn)咨詢也是必要的進(jìn)口貨物的保險(xiǎn)覆蓋。A shipping advice usually includes the following information航運(yùn)咨詢通常包括以下信息The name of the ship used to dispatch the goods;船的名字用來(lái)發(fā)送貨物；The date and number of bill of lading;日期和數(shù)量的賬單提單；The name of the shipping port/loading port;名稱，裝運(yùn)港/裝貨港；The estimate time of departure;估計(jì)的離開時(shí)間；The estimate time of arrival;估計(jì)到達(dá)的時(shí)間；The packing conditions;包裝條件；Other information as delay of shipment, transshipment or change of L/C;其他信息延遲裝運(yùn)，轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)或換證；Thanks for patronage.銘謝惠顧。Unit 12 12單元Complaint Letter投訴信A complaint letter requests some sort of compensation for defective or damaged merchandise or for inadequate or delayed services. The essential rule in writing a complaint letter is to maintain your poise and diplomacy. 投訴信，要求某種補(bǔ)償有缺陷或損壞的商品或服務(wù)不足或延遲。基本規(guī)則在寫投訴信是保持你的姿態(tài)和外交。In the letter you should: 在信中你應(yīng)該：lIdentify early the reason you are writing;l確定早期你寫信的原因；lState exactly what compensation you desire; l狀態(tài)究竟是什么補(bǔ)償你的愿望；lProvide a fully detailed narrative or description of the problem; l提供充分詳細(xì)的敘述或描述問(wèn)題；lExplain why your request should be granted;l解釋為什么你的請(qǐng)求應(yīng)得到；lSuggest why it is in the recipients best interest to grant your request. l表明它為什么在收件人的最佳利益，同意你的要求。Adjustment Letter調(diào)整的信An adjustment letter is a reply to complaint letter. It must be handled carefully when the requested compensation cannot be granted. 一個(gè)調(diào)整的信是一個(gè)答復(fù)投訴信。它必須謹(jǐn)慎處理請(qǐng)求時(shí)，不能獲得賠償。Some suggestions: 一些建議：Begin with a reference to the date of the original letter of complaint and to the purpose of your letter; 開始與一參考日期的原始投訴信和寫信的目的；Express your concern over the writers troubles and your appreciation that he has written;表示關(guān)注的作家的煩惱和你的贊賞，他寫了；Explain why you deny the request cordially; 解釋你為什么拒絕該請(qǐng)求熱誠(chéng)；Try to offer some partial or substitute compensation or advice; 嘗試提供一些部分或替代性補(bǔ)償或建議；Conclude the letter cordially. 結(jié)論信熱誠(chéng)。Unit 1313單元Sales Letters銷售信函A sales letter is a marketing tool that can build your client base and increase your sales. Generally speaking, there are two kinds of sales letters.銷售信的營(yíng)銷工具，可以建立你的客戶基礎(chǔ)和增加您的銷售。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，有2種銷售信函。lThe extended letter, together with supporting literature, brochures, order forms and return envelopes; l擴(kuò)展的信，連同支持文學(xué)，小冊(cè)子，訂單和返回信封；lThe one you write to individual. 你寫l一個(gè)人。 When you write a sales letter, the AIDA factors should be included: 當(dāng)你寫銷售信，阿伊達(dá)的因素應(yīng)包括：lA attention;l一注意；lI - interest; 我的興趣l；lD decision; l丁決策；lA action. l一行動(dòng)。Unit 1414單元Fax傳真機(jī)Fax is a form of external communication and has become a well-established and widely used means of communication in the business world today. There is no unified format for faxes. A typical heading for a fax is shown below: 傳真是一種形式的對(duì)外交流，已成為一個(gè)既定的和廣泛使用的通訊手段在商業(yè)世界的今天。也沒有統(tǒng)一的格式傳真。一個(gè)典型的標(biāo)題為一個(gè)傳真如下：FAX MESSAGE傳真消息To:到：Attention: 敬告。Fax No.:傳真號(hào)碼：From:從：Company: 單位。Fax No.:傳真號(hào)碼：Date:日期：Subject:主題：No. of Pages: 第頁(yè)：Unit15unit15E-mail電子郵件E-mail is the system for using computers to send messages over the Internet. 電子郵件系統(tǒng)使用計(jì)算機(jī)發(fā)送的信息在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上。The guidelines for writing business E-mails:該準(zhǔn)則編寫的商務(wù)電郵：lGive the message a subject / title;l讓訊息的主題/標(biāo)題；lKeep the subject short and clear; l主體保持簡(jiǎn)短清晰；lStart the message with a greeting; l啟動(dòng)信息與問(wèn)候；lWatch the length of the paragraph; l表長(zhǎng)度的段；lKeep the message concise and short; l保持簡(jiǎn)潔和短消息；lStart the first paragraph with a clear indication of what the message is about; l開始第一款中明確說(shuō)明什么消息是；lWhen replying, quote excerpts;l回復(fù)時(shí)，引用摘錄；lEnd the message in a polite way;l結(jié)束的消息在一個(gè)禮貌的方式；lPut your name at the end;l放你的名字在最后；IV. Steps of import / export trade (for reference) 四級(jí)進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易（供參考）Any import / export transaction may start from Market Research and afterwards there follow the establishment of business connections, inquiries, offers (or replies to inquiry), orders, payment by buyer (or importer) and delivery of goods b