第八講 大學(xué)英語四級(jí)翻譯解題技巧.doc

第八講 大學(xué)英語四級(jí)翻譯解題技巧解題步驟： SvY大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試網(wǎng)第一步：首先快速瀏覽句子，先看英語不看漢語，從而判斷劃線處所填句子的形式、時(shí)態(tài)。SvY大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試網(wǎng)所謂形式包括：SvY大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試網(wǎng)1.詞組固定搭配(不定式短語、分詞短語、動(dòng)名詞、句子等);SvY大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試網(wǎng) 2.虛擬;SvY大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試網(wǎng)3.被動(dòng)SvY大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試網(wǎng)所謂時(shí)態(tài)是指：根據(jù)前后已經(jīng)給出的英語句子判斷所填英語句子的時(shí)態(tài)。SvY大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試網(wǎng)第二步：看括號(hào)里面的漢語句子，以核心謂語動(dòng)詞為切入點(diǎn)，找準(zhǔn)主謂賓、分清定狀補(bǔ)。SvY大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試網(wǎng)第三步：先翻譯主謂賓、后翻譯定狀補(bǔ)，切塊對應(yīng)翻譯，重新組合。動(dòng)詞注意時(shí)態(tài)，名詞注意單復(fù)數(shù)。SvY大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試網(wǎng)SvY大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試網(wǎng)e.g. 1. Specialists in intercultural studies say that it is not easy to (適應(yīng)不同文化中的生活). 06.12SvY大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試網(wǎng)解題步驟: SvY大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試網(wǎng)第一步：由it is not easy to可以推出，劃線處應(yīng)該接動(dòng)詞原形；SvY大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試網(wǎng)第二步：劃分成分“適應(yīng)不同文化的生活”；SvY大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試網(wǎng)核心謂語動(dòng)詞是“適應(yīng)”，“不同文化的”作定語，“生活”作賓語；SvY大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試網(wǎng)第三步：SvY大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試網(wǎng)(1)切塊對應(yīng)翻譯：“適應(yīng)”=adapt; adapt to; adapt oneself to；“生活”=life；“不同文化的”=different culturesSvY大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試網(wǎng)；(2)重新組合：adapt oneself to the life in different cultures。SvY大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試網(wǎng)正確答案：adapt oneself to the life/living in different cultures SvY大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試網(wǎng)2. The victim (本來會(huì)有機(jī)會(huì)活下來) if he had been taken to hospital in time.SvY大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試網(wǎng)解題步驟: SvY大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試網(wǎng)第一步：由The victim if he had been taken to hospital in time.可以推出，劃線處應(yīng)該填寫謂語動(dòng)詞和賓語使得主句完整，并且主句形式、時(shí)態(tài)根據(jù)后面的if he had been taken to hospital in time確定應(yīng)該采取虛擬語氣，是對過去的虛擬；SvY大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試第二步：劃分成分“本來會(huì)有機(jī)會(huì)活下來”SvY大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試網(wǎng)，核心謂語動(dòng)詞是“本來有機(jī)會(huì)-”，“活下來”作賓語；SvY大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試網(wǎng)第三步：SvY大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試網(wǎng)(1)切塊對應(yīng)翻譯：“本來有機(jī)會(huì)-”= would have a chance to do sth，“活下來”=surviveSvY大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試網(wǎng)；(2)重新組合：would have a chance to survive.SvY大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試網(wǎng)正確答案：would have/stand a chance to survive/of survivalSvY大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試網(wǎng)SvY大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試網(wǎng)考察知識(shí)點(diǎn)：虛擬語氣與過去相反的虛擬語氣，從句用had done，主句用would have doneSvY大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試網(wǎng)有機(jī)會(huì)做某事：have/stand a chance to do sth/of sth-SvY大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試網(wǎng)考生應(yīng)該注意以下幾種虛擬語氣的形式：SvY大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試網(wǎng)第一種：由 “ if ”引導(dǎo)的虛擬句子SvY大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試網(wǎng)(1). 與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反：If - + were/did-, - + would do-SvY大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試網(wǎng)If I were you, I would marry him. SvY大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試網(wǎng)如果我是你,就會(huì)嫁給他。SvY大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試網(wǎng)(2). 與過去的事實(shí)相反：If - + had done-, - +would have done-SvY大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試網(wǎng)If you had worked hard , you would have passed the exam.SvY大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試網(wǎng)如果你用功學(xué)習(xí),就會(huì)通過考試了。SvY大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試網(wǎng)(3). 與將來的事實(shí)可能相反：If -+ should do-, -+ would do-SvY大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試網(wǎng)If it should rain tomorrow, what would you do?SvY大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試網(wǎng) 如果明天下雨,你怎么辦? SvY大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試網(wǎng)第二種：用在表示要求、建議、命令等的名詞從句中SvY大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試網(wǎng)從句謂語形式為：“-(should ) + do sth” (在美語中should常省去) 。SvY大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試網(wǎng)類似用法的動(dòng)詞有：SvY大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試網(wǎng)insist (堅(jiān)持) , suggest (建議) , order(命令) , propose (建議) , demand (要求) , command (命令) , advise (建議) , desire (要求、請求) , request (請求) , require (需要、要求) , ask (要求) , prefer (寧愿), recommend(推薦) , arrange ( 安排) , advocate ( 擁護(hù)、提倡) ,maintain(堅(jiān)決主張)等后面的賓語從句中。SvY大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試網(wǎng)第三種：在 “It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that .” 句型中，that從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用should + 動(dòng)詞原形 其他類似的詞還有“It + be + important (necessary , natural , essential , strange , absurd , amazing , annoying , desirable, surprising , vital , advisable , anxious , compulsory , crucial , imperative , eager , fitting , possible , impossible , improper , obligatory , probable , preferable , strange , urgent 等, 以及insisted , suggested , ordered , requested , arranged , recommended 等) + that -” SvY大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試網(wǎng)第四種：用在It is time that - 結(jié)構(gòu)中, 從句的動(dòng)詞必須用過去時(shí)以表示實(shí)際上還未做到，意思則指現(xiàn)在或?qū)?，that一詞可以省略，意思是“早該”或“該”。SvY大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試網(wǎng)It is time (that) we went to bed .SvY大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試網(wǎng)咱們該睡覺了。SvY大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試網(wǎng)注意: 1. time 前可加about (表示“大約”) 或high(表示“強(qiáng)調(diào)”) 等。2. it is time to do sth.表示“應(yīng)該做某事了”、“是做某事的時(shí)候了”，例如：Its time for you to get a bath.通過對樣題以及實(shí)考試題的分析，翻譯題型有三大考點(diǎn)： Q9W大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試網(wǎng)1. 固定搭配考點(diǎn)：這是翻譯中的最為核心的考點(diǎn)，也是近幾次命題密度最高的知識(shí)點(diǎn)，應(yīng)該引起考生的高度重視。比如說名詞與動(dòng)詞搭配，形容詞與名詞搭配，動(dòng)詞與副詞的修飾關(guān)系，名詞與介詞搭配，更為重要的是常見的固定詞組以及固定表達(dá)，這些都可能成為本次考試的命題重點(diǎn)。 Q9W大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試網(wǎng)例1：By contrast, American mothers were more likely _ (把孩子的成功歸因于) natural talent.(大綱樣題)。 Q9W大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試網(wǎng)【考點(diǎn)剖析】這個(gè)題目就非常典型。有兩個(gè)固定搭配考點(diǎn)：1)be likely to do sth ; 2) owe.to /attribute.to (把.歸因于) Q9W大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試網(wǎng)2. 核心語法考點(diǎn)：這部分語法考點(diǎn)大多數(shù)是以前詞匯語法考題考點(diǎn)的重現(xiàn)和轉(zhuǎn)移，這一點(diǎn)要引起同學(xué)的重視，盡管詞匯單選題現(xiàn)在不考了，但是還是不能忽視這部分題目，因?yàn)榭键c(diǎn)是一致的。核心語法考點(diǎn)最重要的虛擬語氣，其次是倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)、從句知識(shí)、倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)、非謂語動(dòng)詞等。 Q9W大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試網(wǎng)例1：The professor required that _(我們交研究報(bào)告) by Wednesday . Q9W大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試網(wǎng)【考點(diǎn)剖析】本題是典型的語法題目。重點(diǎn)考查考生對虛擬語氣的掌握。Require后面接從句的時(shí)候，一定會(huì)虛擬語氣，語法結(jié)構(gòu)為require that +sb+should+動(dòng)詞原形。 Q9W大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試網(wǎng)例2：Not only _ (他向我收費(fèi)過高), but he didnt do a good repair job either (大綱樣題) Q9W大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試網(wǎng)【考點(diǎn)剖析】本題同樣為典型的語法考點(diǎn)。考查了考生對倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)這個(gè)特殊語法現(xiàn)象的掌握情況。句首的Not only決定了倒裝連接，下文用了過去時(shí)態(tài)，因此，這里需在he之前加did。所以答案應(yīng)該為did he overcharge me。 Q9W大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試網(wǎng)3. 核心動(dòng)詞以及動(dòng)詞短語的考查。 Q9W大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試網(wǎng)例1：Though a skilled worker, _(他被公司解雇了) last week because of the economic crisis . Q9W大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試網(wǎng)【考點(diǎn)剖析】本題的重要考點(diǎn)就是考生對解雇這個(gè)核心動(dòng)詞的翻譯。可以表示解雇的有dismiss, discharge, fire等。 Q9W大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試網(wǎng)五條沖刺備考建議： Q9W大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試網(wǎng)1. 在進(jìn)行翻譯練習(xí)時(shí)，盡量力求翻譯答案多樣化，以便擴(kuò)展思維，開闊思路，掌握重點(diǎn)核心表達(dá)。 Q9W大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試網(wǎng)例：(為了掙錢供我上學(xué))_, mother often takes on more work than is good for her Q9W大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試網(wǎng)【考點(diǎn)剖析】對于為了掙錢供我上學(xué)的表達(dá)，我們可以說To earn money for my education; To earn money for my schooling ; In order to make money to finance my education ; In order to make money to fund my education ; In order to earn money to afford my education等。Q9W大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試網(wǎng)2. 絕對不能忽視以前詞匯語法的單項(xiàng)選擇題，盡量在以前的詞匯題中挖掘新四級(jí)翻譯考點(diǎn) Q9W大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試網(wǎng)例：The author was required to submit an abstract of about 200 words together with his research paper. Q9W大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試網(wǎng)上面這道題是2004年1月份四級(jí)考試的一道詞匯單選題，同學(xué)們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，句中的submit(提交)這個(gè)考點(diǎn)詞在2006年6月的新四級(jí)的翻譯題中再次出現(xiàn)，這足以說明以前的詞匯語法題目的考點(diǎn)與新題型中的翻譯題考點(diǎn)具有延續(xù)性與繼承性。這種考點(diǎn)延續(xù)的例子很多，由于篇幅所限，就不一一列舉，以下舉幾個(gè)典型例子，以前詞匯題考點(diǎn)，在未來的翻譯中很可能考到的，拋磚引玉，希望引起考生重視。 Q9W大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試網(wǎng)3. 多背搭配，同時(shí)利用經(jīng)典搭配多造句子，完善語法結(jié)構(gòu)。同時(shí)可以提高自己的寫作水平，一舉兩得。例2：You will not be particular about your food in time of great hunger Q9W大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試網(wǎng)【考點(diǎn)探究】be particular about your food(對食物挑剔)這個(gè)核心短語很可能成為翻譯考點(diǎn)。除了這個(gè)表達(dá)外，還可以用be selective about your food 進(jìn)行替換，這就反映了表達(dá)的多樣性。 Q9W大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試網(wǎng)Q9W大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試網(wǎng)4. 強(qiáng)化重點(diǎn)語法知識(shí)。如倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)、虛擬語氣、比較結(jié)構(gòu)、定語從句、狀語從句、非謂語動(dòng)詞等。 Q9W大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試網(wǎng)5. 深度分析已考翻譯試題，全面掌握挖掘潛在考點(diǎn)，學(xué)會(huì)舉一反三。 Q9W大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試網(wǎng)大學(xué)英語四級(jí)真題翻譯常見考察點(diǎn)：1. 考查主語從句的用法：2009 0690. What many people havent realized is that Simon is a lover of sports, and football in particular.2008 1288. What most parents are concerned about is providing the best education possible for their children.2. 考查 Be likely to 的用法：2009 0689. It is said that those who are stressed or working overtime are more likely to put on/gain weight.2007 1288. In my sixties, one change I notice is that I am more likely to get tired than before/ I get tired more easily than before3. 考查no matter what /whatever it is的用法：2008 0689 Leaving ones job, no matter what job it is/whatever job it is , is a difficult change , even for those who look forward to retiring .2007 1289. I am going to pursue this course, no matter what/whatever sacrifices I have to make .4. 考查定語從句的用法：2008 1287. Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems to which they havent found answers so far/that they havent found answers to so far.2007 0688. The prevention and treatment of AIDS is the field where/in which we can cooperate.5. 考查decide to 的用法：20081290. Through the project, many people have received training and decided to start their own business.200706 89. Because of the leg injury, the athlete decided/determined/made a decision to quit/give up/drop out of the match.6. 考查虛擬語氣的用法：2009 06 88. If she had returned an hour earlier, Mary wouldnt have been caught in the heavy rain.2006 12 89. The victim would have had a chance to survive if he had been taken to hospital in time.7. 考查must ，might 等的推測用法：2008 06 88. I cant boot my computer now. Something must be wrong with its operation system.2006 12 90. Some psychologists claim that people might feel lonely when they are far from home.8. 考查 in 的用法：2009 06 87. Soon after he transferred to the new school, Ali found that he had what many people havent realized in math and English.2006 06 87. Having spend some time in the city , he and no trouble (in) finding the way to the history museum.06-08年四級(jí)翻譯真題分析08年12月87.Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problemsthat they havent found answers to (他們至今還沒有答案).88.What most parents are concerned about (大多數(shù)父母所關(guān)心的) is providing the best education possible for their children.89.Youd better take a sweater with you in case it turn(s) cold (以防天氣變冷).90.Throught the project, many people have received training and decided to start their own business (決定自己創(chuàng)業(yè)).91.The anti-virus agent was not known until it was accidentally found by a doctor (直到一名醫(yī)生偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了它).08年6月87. Our efforts will pay off if the results of the research can be applied to the development of the new technology (能應(yīng)用于新技術(shù)的開發(fā)).88. I cant boot my computer now. Something must be wrong (一定出了毛病) with its operation system.89. Leaving ones job, no matter what job it is / whatever job it is (無論是什么工作), is a difficult change, even for those who look forward to retiring.90. Compared with the place where I grew up (與我成長的地方相比), this town is more prosperous and exciting.91. Not until he had finished the mission (直到他完成使命) did he realize that he was seriouslyill.07年12月87. Owing to / thanks to a series of new inventions (多虧了一系列的新發(fā)明），doctors can treat this disease successfully. 88. In my sixties, one change I notice is that I am apt to / inclined to be more easily tired than before(我比以前更容易累了).89. I am going to pursue this course, no matter what / whatever sacrifices I will make (無論我要作出什么樣的犧牲). 90. I would prefer shopping online to shopping in a department store because the latter is more convenient and time-saving (它更加方便和省時(shí)).91. Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life is weighed upon how much they can borrow (是用他們能夠借到多少來衡量的), not how much they can earn. 07年6月87. The finding of this study failed to take into account/consideration the quality of peoples sleep(將人們的睡眠質(zhì)量考慮在內(nèi)).88. The prevention and treatment of AIDS is one field we can make joint efforts on/one field we can co-operate in(我們可以合作的領(lǐng)域).89. Because of the leg injury, the athlete decided to give up/quit the match(決定退出比賽).90. To make donations or for more information, please contact us at the following address(按以下地址和我們聯(lián)系).91. Please come here at ten tomorrow morning if you are convenient(如果你方便的話).06年12月87. Specialists in intercultural studies say that it is not easy to adapt oneself to life/living in different cultures(適應(yīng)不同文化中的生活).88. Since my childhood I have found that nothing is more attractive to me than reading/to me, nothing is more important than reading(沒有什么比讀書對我更有吸引力).89. The victim would have a chance to survive(本來有機(jī)會(huì)活下來) if he had been taken to hospital in time.90. Some psychologists claim that people might feel lonely when they are far from home(出門在外時(shí)可能會(huì)感到孤獨(dú)).91. The nations population continues to rise at a speed/rate of 12 million per year(以每年1200萬人的速度).06年6月87. Having spent some time in the city, he had no trouble finding the way to the history museum (找到去歷史博物館的路). 88. In order to support my university studies/to finance my education (為了掙錢供我上學(xué))，Mother often takes on more work than is good for her.89. The professor required that we hand in our research report(s) (我們交研究報(bào)告).90. The more you explain, the more confused I am (我愈糊涂).91. Though a skilled worker, he was fired by the company (他被公司解雇了).翻譯練習(xí)：1I have had great deal of trouble_(跟得上班上的其他同學(xué))。 2_(我們沒有人料到主席會(huì)出現(xiàn)) at the party. We thought he was still in hospital.3. A good many proposals were raised by the delegates,_(正如預(yù)料的那樣).4. Most doctors recognize that medicine is as much_(是一門科學(xué)，也是一門藝術(shù)).5. Some women _(本來能夠掙一份很好的工資) in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sale of the family. 6Over a third of the population was estimated_(無法獲得) to the health service.7. Although punctual himself, the professor was quite used_(習(xí)慣了學(xué)生遲到) his lecture.8. The price of beer_(從50美分到4美元不等) per liter during the summer season.9.Wed like _(預(yù)訂一張餐桌) five for dinner this evening.10. Theres a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means_(想找麻煩). 11. It may be necessary to stop_(每隔時(shí)間) in the learning process and go back to the difficult points in the lessons.12. The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he _(傷害自己).13.Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was_(忙著準(zhǔn)備) her examination.14. The ships generator broke down and the pumps_(不得不用手工操作) instead of mechanically.15. Why didnt you tell me you could me the money? I_ (本來不必從銀行借錢的） 16By the time you get to New York, I_(已經(jīng)動(dòng)身去) London.17. Buying clothes_(是一件很耗時(shí)的工作), because those clothes that a person likes are rarely the ones that fit him or her.18. Its time_(采取措施) about the traffic problem downtown.19. When I was very young, I was terribly frightened of school, but I soon_(克服了這種心理).20. Please dont stand in the kitchen, youre_（擋路了）. 21There was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone _(打擾我) that evening.22._(正是由于她太沒有經(jīng)驗(yàn)) that she does not know how to deal with the situation.23.When I _(發(fā)現(xiàn)他騙我) I stopped buying thins there and started dealing with another shop.24. The manager would rather his daughter_(不在一個(gè)辦公室內(nèi)工作).25. The sports meet originally due to be held last Friday_(最終因天氣不好而取消了). 17326I_(將在做實(shí)驗(yàn)) from three to five this afternoon.27. How close parents are to their children_ _(有很強(qiáng)的影響) the character of the children.28. But for his help, I _(我不可能這么早完成).29. His remarks left me _(想知道他的真實(shí)目的).30. Mark often_(試圖逃脫罰款) whenever he breaks traffic regulations. 31If this cant be settled reasonably, it may be necessary to_(訴助武力).32. The room is in a terrible mess; it _（肯定沒打掃過）.33. Everybody knows he_（受到了冤枉指控）.34. He wears a pair of sunglasses_（惟恐被別人認(rèn)出來）.35. She never dreams of _(被派到國外). 36. If you wont agree to our plan,_(他們也不會(huì)同意).37. I should say Henry is _(與其說是個(gè)作家不如說是) as a reporter.38. _(信不信由你), his discovery has created a stir in scientific circles.39. If you dont like to swim, you _(不妨待在家里).40. Please be careful when you are drinking coffee in case you_(弄臟了新地毯). 41Frankly speaking, Id rather you _(不采取任何措施) about it for the time being.42. In the Chinese household, grandparents and other relatives_(起著不可缺少的作用) in raising children.43. John seems a nice person, _(即使這樣), I dont trust him.44. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence,_(正在研制) and perfected now.45. What a lovely party! Its worth_(牢記一生). 46Though you stay in the sea for weeks, you will not_(失去聯(lián)系) the outside world.47. Cancer is _(僅次于) heart disease as a cause of death.48. It is a pity that we should stay at home when we have _(這么好的天氣).49. I would _(不會(huì)訴諸法律) a court of law if I hadnt been so desperate.50. John cannot afford to go to the university, _(更不用說出國了).51I dont mind your_(你延期做出決定) the decision as long as it is not too late.52. I suggested he _（使自己適應(yīng)）his new conditions.53. I have no objection_（再聽聽你的故事）.54. This popular sports car_（正在生產(chǎn)出來）out at the rate of a thousand a week.55. _ （請你找張空白紙）and write your name at the top? 答案1. keeping up with the