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職稱英語基礎(chǔ)班基礎(chǔ)班第23講講義被動(dòng)語態(tài)及常用介詞被動(dòng)語態(tài)及常用介詞被動(dòng)語態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式,只有主謂賓句型才有被動(dòng)語態(tài),它所強(qiáng)調(diào)的,不是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者,而是動(dòng)作的接受者,在掌握了時(shí)態(tài)以后,學(xué)習(xí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)并不難,重要的是牢記被動(dòng)語態(tài)的動(dòng)詞形式,我們?cè)诤竺鏋榇蠹伊械谋砀?,?qǐng)大家熟記。 The policeman arrested the thief.The thief was arrested (by the policeman).注:如果沒有必要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者,我們可以把by the policeman省略。 Do did doneBE done-is done was done will be done would be done The teacher can translate this sentence in different ways.This sentence can be translated in different ways. 被動(dòng)語態(tài)表Bite-bit bitThe dog bites me.I am bit by the dog.The dog bit me.I was bit by the doThe dog will bite me.I will be bit by the dog.I would be bit by the dog.The dog would bite me.The dog is biting me.I am being bit by the dog.The dog was biting me.I was being bit by the dog.The dog has bit me.I have been bit by the dog.The dog had bit me.I had been bit by the dog.Bite-bit bitThe dog bites me.閱讀理解常用提問方式 1) Which of the following is not mentioned?2) Which of the following can be inferred(推斷)?3) It can be concluded (結(jié)論) from the passage that . 4) It is believed by scientists that5) It can be seen ( see saw) from the passage that32 Nicotine 尼古丁gum 口香糖is used to help a smokerA) stop smoking.B) Reduce weight.C) Clean his teeth.D) Absorb nicotine immediately.介詞學(xué)習(xí)介詞學(xué)習(xí)about 關(guān)于,對(duì)于,在附近,在周圍,在范圍; They are talking about you. The passage is mainly about.above 在以上(標(biāo)準(zhǔn)),超過,過于; We were flying above the clouds.across 越過,交叉,橫穿,在(對(duì)面) 那邊; The bridge across the river is very long.after 在之后(時(shí)間),在后面; She will come after dinner.against 相反,反對(duì),逆著,靠著; We sailed against the wind.我們逆風(fēng)行船。 Drug taking is against the law.吸毒是違法的。along 順著,沿著,帶著; He walked along the path.among 在之中(三者以上); They live among the mountains.他們住在群山之中。around 圍繞,四處,在周圍,在范圍內(nèi); From three to five years old, curiosity好奇心 knows no bounds限度.44. We learn from the passage that a child has boundless curiosityA. when he is two.B. When he is around four.C. When he is six.D. When he is eight.as 當(dāng)作,作為,以身份; Some animals, as dogs and cats, eat meat.有些動(dòng)物, 如狗, 貓等是食肉的。at 在方面,在地點(diǎn),在時(shí)刻(短時(shí)間),對(duì)準(zhǔn); at home在家 at 85于85歲時(shí) A red bus is stopping at the bus stop.一輛紅色的公共汽車停在了汽車站。 Look at me.看著我。 Aim straight at the mark.對(duì)目標(biāo)瞄準(zhǔn)。 I laughed at his silliness.我笑他的愚蠢。 He is good at French擅長法語 because of 由于,因?yàn)?I didnt go out because of rain.因?yàn)橄掠? 所以我沒有出去。before 在之前(時(shí)間),先于;behind 在之后(物體),落后于,不如; He is behind the plan.他是幕后策劃人。 The train was behind time.火車晚點(diǎn)了。 I am behind him in maths.我數(shù)學(xué)不如他。below 在下面(標(biāo)準(zhǔn)),到下面;The temperature is below zero.溫度在零度以下。He was below her in intelligence.他的智力比她差。beside 在旁邊,和比較;My home is beside the river.besides 除之外,在之外;He had few friends besides us. 除我們之外他沒有什么朋友 between 在之間(兩者),介乎之間,連接;He is a man between fifty and sixty.他是一個(gè)50歲到60歲之間的人。beyond 在那一邊,超過,遲于,晚于;Some shops keep open beyond midnight.有些商店?duì)I業(yè)到半夜以后。by 在附近,在旁邊,經(jīng),依據(jù),按照,通過,用;we played by the rules.按規(guī)則比賽 by busThe book was written by Shakespeare莎士比亞寫的I will have studied English for 10 years by 2010.during 在期間,在的時(shí)候;They swim every day during the holidays.他們?cè)诩倨谔焯煊斡尽xcept 除了之外,除非,若不是,但是;She can do everything except cook.除了做飯之外她什么都會(huì)。for 為了,因?yàn)椋劣?,?duì)于,適合于(一段時(shí)間) Ive got a little present for your birthday.我有一件小禮物送給你過生日。 Hes learning English for the fun of it.他為了好玩才學(xué)習(xí)英語的。 He has studied English for eight years.from 從開始,始于,今后,來自,由于; From three to five years old, curiosity好奇心 knows no bounds限度. from grades four to six.從四級(jí)到六級(jí) from the beginning to the end從頭至尾 a letter from Mary瑪麗來的信in 在之內(nèi)(敞開狀態(tài)),從事于,在期間(較長時(shí)間); He lives in London.他住在倫敦。inside 在之內(nèi)(封閉狀態(tài)),在內(nèi)部(時(shí)間),少于; She put the money inside her bag.她把錢放在包里。into 到里,進(jìn)入到之內(nèi),深入之中; went into the house.走進(jìn)屋子like 象,如同; He is like his father.near 在近旁,近似于; The new houses are built near the hill.of 的,由制成的,關(guān)于,對(duì)于,屬于; According to the last paragraph, which of the following statements is true of the animals?on 在之上,依附于,在時(shí)候,(特定的時(shí)間); jumped on the table;跳到桌子上opposite 在對(duì)面; Her house is opposite to mine.她的房子在我的房子對(duì)面。out of 從出來,出于,中間有; Why did many women feel that knitting was out of date?outside 在之外,向之外; Outside the house there was a notice saying for sale.這座房子外面有一招貼寫著“吉屋待售”。over 越過,在正上方; In addition,in 2005,the USdeath死亡rate率dropped下降to an alltime low of less than 800 deaths per 100,000.34. Which of the following Statements is NOT true?A. The U.S.1ife expectancy is at an all-time high.B. The U.S. death rate was at an all-time low in 2005C. The annual death rate in the U.S. is over 800 deaths per 100,000D. Chronic disease appears to be at an alltime high in the U.S.round 在周圍,環(huán)繞,在一帶,在附近; The earth goes round the sun.地球圍繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)。 They sat round the table圍坐在桌旁 The children stood round the teacher.孩子們圍著老師站著。since 自從,自以來,從至今,既然,因?yàn)椋?They have been friends since childhood.他們從幼時(shí)起一直是好朋友through 穿過,通過,從頭至尾,經(jīng)由,憑借; She succeeded through hard work.她努力工作取得了成功。throughout 遍及,貫穿,從頭至尾; The road is kept open throughout the year.這條路全年開通till 直到為止,直到(才),在以前; from morning till night從早到晚 He didnt return till ten oclock.他到十點(diǎn)才回來to 向,往,給,直到為止,在之前; I want a present to give to my wife.我要送我妻子一件禮物。toward 向,對(duì)于,為了,接近,將近; driving toward home.朝著回家的方向行駛under 在正下方,在之內(nèi),低于,未滿; under a tree在樹下 stand under a high wall站在高墻下面until 到為止,在以前; She cant leave until Friday.在星期五之前她不能離開with 與一起,和,帶著,偕同,一致; to live with ones parents和父母同住 staying with a friend和朋友在一起 with her dog帶著她的狗without 在外面,沒有,如果沒有,要沒有; I cant do it without your help.沒有你的幫助,我不能做這件事。介詞about 關(guān)于,對(duì)于,在附近,在周圍,在范圍;above 在以上(標(biāo)準(zhǔn)),超過,過于;across 越過,交叉,橫穿,在(對(duì)面) 那邊;after 在之后(時(shí)間),在后面;against 相反,反對(duì),逆著,靠著;along 順著,沿著,帶著;alongside 和并肩,與并排,在旁邊;among 在之中(三者以上);around 圍繞,四處,在周圍,在范圍內(nèi);as 當(dāng)作,作為,以身份;at 在方面,在地點(diǎn),在時(shí)刻(短時(shí)間),對(duì)準(zhǔn);because of 由于,因?yàn)?;before 在之前(時(shí)間),先于;behind 在之后(物體),落后于,不如;below 在下面(標(biāo)準(zhǔn)),到下面;beneath 在之下(on的反義詞),低于,劣于; beside 在旁邊,和比較;besides 除之外,在之外;between 在之間(兩者),介乎之間,連接;beyond 在那一邊,超過,遲于,晚于;but(用于nothing, nobody, who, all等詞之后)除之外;by 在附近,在旁邊,經(jīng),依據(jù),按照,通過,用;despite 盡管,不管,不論;down 在下方,往下方,盡頭,沿著;during 在期間,在的時(shí)候;except 除了之外,除非,若不是,但是;for 為了,因?yàn)?,至于,?duì)于,適合于(一段時(shí)間)from 從開始,始于,今后,來自,由于;in 在之內(nèi)(敞開狀態(tài)),從事于,在期間(較長時(shí)間);inside 在之內(nèi)(封閉狀態(tài)),在內(nèi)部(時(shí)間),少于;into 到里,進(jìn)入到之內(nèi),深入之中;like 象,如同;near 在近旁,近似于;of 的,由制成的,關(guān)于,對(duì)于,屬于;off 從離開,從掉下,脫離;on 在之上,依附于,在時(shí)候,(特定的時(shí)間);opposite 在對(duì)面;out of 從出來,出于,中間有;outside 在之外,向之外;over 越過,在正上方;past 過去(時(shí)間),超過,晚于,從經(jīng)過;regarding 關(guān)于,對(duì)于,就而論;round 在周圍,環(huán)繞,在一帶,在附近;since 自從,自以來,從至今,既然,因?yàn)椋籺hrough 穿過,通過,從頭至尾,經(jīng)由,憑借;throughout 遍及,貫穿,從頭至尾;till 直到為止,直到(才),在以前;to 向,往,給,直到為止,在之前;toward 向,對(duì)于,為了,接近,將近;under 在正下方,在之內(nèi),低于,未滿;until 到為止,在以前;up 向上,在上,沿;upon 在之上,在后立即;with 與一起,和,帶著,偕同,一致;within 在之內(nèi)(時(shí)間),在范圍,不越出;without 在外面,沒有,如果沒有,要沒有;連詞并列連詞and 和,那么,漸漸;or 或,否則,不管是,還是;but 但是,而是,的確但;nor 也不so 也是,因此,所以,那么,這樣看來;for 因?yàn)椋ū硎就茰y(cè)),由于;相關(guān)連詞both A and B 既是A又是B;either A or B 不是A 就是B;neither A nor B 既不是A也不是B ,兩者皆非;not only A but also B 不但A而且B;A as well as B 不但A而且B , 與,和;準(zhǔn)連詞而且 besides, furthermore, moreover, in addition;然而 yet, still, however, neverth

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