職稱英語真題3.doc

3 Bees and Colour On our table in the garden we put a blue card, and all around this blue card we put a number of different grey cards. These grey cards are of all possible shades of grey and include white and black. On each card a watchglass is placed. The watchglass on the blue card has some syrup(果汁) in it, all the others are empty. After a short time bees find the syrup, and they come for it again and again. Then, after some hours, we take away the watchglass of syrup which was on the blue card and put an empty one in its place. Now what do the bees do? They still go straight to the blue card, although there is no syrup there. They do not go to any of the grey cards, in spite of the fact that one of the grey cards is of exactly the same brightness as the blue card. Thus the bees do not mistake any shade of grey for blue. In this way we have proved that they do really see blue as a colour. We can find out in just the same way what other colours bees can see. It turns out that bees can see various colours, but these insects differ from us as regards their coloursense in two very interesting ways. Suppose we train bees to come to a red card, and, having done so, we put the red card on the table in the garden among the set of different grey cards. This time we find that the bees mistake red for dark grey or black. They cannot distinguish between them. This means that red is not a colour at all for bees; for them it is just dark grey or back. That is one strange fact; here is another. A rainbow is red on one edge, violet on the other. Outside the violet of the rainbow there is another colour which we cannot see at all. This colour beyond the violet ,invisible to us, is called the ultraviolet. Although it is invisible, we know that the ultraviolet is there because it affects a photographic plate. Now, although we are unable to see ultraviolet light ,bees can do so; for them ultraviolet is a colour. Thus bees see a colour which we cannot even imagine. This has been found out by training bees to come for syrup to various parts of a spectrum, or artificial rainbow, thrown by a prism on a table in a dark room. In such an experiment the insects can be taught to fly to the ultraviolet, which for us is just darkness. 16. The experiment with bees described in the first and second paragraphs tell us that bees regard blue as a colour.17. The third paragraph tells us that bees also regard red as a colour.18. The experiment described in the second paragraph aimed to find out that bees are not able to see grey as a colour.19. An artificial rainbow was created for the experiment to see whether bees can recognize the ultraviolet as a colour.20. The fourth paragraph tells us that bees may be harmed by ultraviolet light.21. We can conclude from the passage that bees recognize colours in the same way as human beings22. Bees are more sensitive to colours than human beings.3: 概括大意與完成句子Stanford University 1 Stanford University, famous as one of northern Californias several institutions of higher learning, is sometimes called “the Harvard of the West.”The closeness of Stanford to San Francisco, a city thirtytwo miles to the north, gives the university a decidedly cosmopolitan flavor. 2 The students are enrolled mainly from the western United States. But most of the fifty states send students to Stanford, and many foreign students study here, as well. And standards for admission remain high. Young men and women are selected to enter the university from the upper fifteen percent of their high school classes. 3 Not only because of the high caliber of its students but also because of the desirable location and climate, Stanford has attracted to its faculty some of the worlds most respected scholars. The university staff has included many Nobel Prize winners such as Dr. Felix Bloch, Dr. Robert Hofstadter, and Dr. William Shockley in physics, Dr. Author Kornberg and Dr. Joshua Lederberg in medicine, and Dr. Paul J. Flory and Dr. Linus Pauling in chemistry. The Russian novelist Aleksandra Solzhenitsyn has been in residence. Stanfords undergraduate school of engineering and its graduate schools of business, law, and medicine are especially well regarded. 4 What is student life like on “The Farm”?Culturally, the campus is a magnet for both students and citizens of nearby communities. Plays, concerts, and operas are performed in the universitys several auditoriums and in its outdoor theater ,where graduations are also held. Several film series are presented during the school year. Guest lecturers from public and academic life frequently appear on campus. In the evenings, many students gather to socialize in the Student Unions coffee house; here the beverages and the atmosphere both have a decidedly European flavor. For the sportsminded, the Stanford campus offers highly developed athletic facilities. Team sports, swimming, and track and field activity are all very much part of the Stanford picture. So are bicycling and jogging. 5 In addition to financial support from alumni, Stanford receives grants from the government and from private philanthropic foundations. In recent years, government grants have made possible advanced studies in the fields of history, psychology, education, and atomic energy .At presents Stanford is carrying out an ambitious building program, financed in part by the Ford Foundations 25 million grant. Recently added to the campus are a new physics building, new school of business, new graduate school of law, new student union, and undergraduate library.1 、2 _(23.1)_ 2 、3 _(23.2)_ 3、 4 _(23.3)_ 4 5 _(23.4)_ A Colorful life on the campus B Intelligent student body C School administration D Distinguished faculty E Substantial financial support F The Harvard of the West5 Those high school graduates who can enter Stanford University _(23.5)_ .6 Many professors like to teach in this university partly because here _(23.6)_ .7 On the faculty of the university there are _(23.7)_ 8 Financial support from both private organizations and the government has made possible . _(23.8)_ A they can find the best students B the universitys academic advancement and physical extension C some of the most distinguished scholars of the world D where a sports meet is held every year E must have been the top students in their class F must be hardworking 4: 閱讀理解Motoring Technology 1.2 million road deaths worldwide occur each year,plus a further 50 million injuries.To reduce car crash rate,much research now is focused on safety and new fuels-though some electric vehicle and biofuel research aims at going faster. Travelling at speed has always been dangerous.One advanced area of research in motoring safety is the use of digital in-car assistants.They can ensure you dont miss important road signs or fall asleep.Most crashes result from human and not mechanical faults. Some safety developments aim to improve your vision.Radar can spot obstacles in fog,while other technology“sees through”big vehicles blocking your view. And improvements to seat belts,pedal(腳踏)controls and tyres are making driving smoother and safer.The colour of a car has been found to be linked with safety,as have,less surprisingly,size and shape. But whatever is in the fuel tank,you dont want a thief in the driving seat and there have been many innovations(創(chuàng)新).Satellite tracking and remote communications can also come into play if you crash,automatically calling for help. Accidents cause many traffic jams,but there are more subtle interplays between vehicles that can cause jams even on a clear but busy road.Such jams can be analyzed using statistical tools.Robotic drivers could be programmed to make traffic flow smoothly and will perhaps one day be everyonss personal chauffeur(司機),but their latest efforts suggest that wont be soon. 1. 24. To reduce car crash rate,many scientists are working hard toA. design fully automatic cars. B. develop faster electric vehicles. C. analyze road deaths occurring worldwide each year. D. improve the safety of cars and develop new fuels. 25. According to the second paragraph,most road accidents happen due to A. heavy traffic. B. human mistakes. C. engine failure. D. bad weather. 26. Which of the following safety developments is NOT mentioned in the passage? A. Windscreens that can help drivers to improve their vision. B. Radars that can help drivers to see obstacles in fog. C. Devices that can help drivers to see through big vehicles. D. Improvements in seat belts,pedal controls and tyres. 27. Satellite tracking and remote communication systems cna be used to A. reduce oil consumption. B. remove the obstacles on the road. C. call for help when ones car crashes. D. help drivers get out of a traffic jam. 28. Which of the following statements is true of robotic drivers? A. It will take some time before robotic drivers are available. B. Robotic drivers are not allowed to driveon busy roads. C. Robotic drivers can never replace human drivers. D. Robotic drivers are too expensive to use.Graphenes SuperstrengthBig technology comes in tiny packages. New cell phones and personal computers get smaller every year, which means these electronics require even smaller components on the inside. Engineers are looking for creative ways to build these components, and theyve turned their eyes to graphene, a superthin2 material, made of carbon, that could change the future of electronics. This years Nobel Prize for Physics3 has been awarded to Andre Geim and Kostya Novoselov from the University of Manchester4 , UK. for the discovery of graphene. Graphene isnt just small, its “the thinnest possible material in this world, ” says Novoselov. He calls it a “wonder material. ” Its so thin that you would need to stack about 25, 000 sheets just to make a pile as thick as a piece of ordinary white paper. If you were to hold a sheet of graphene in your fingers5, youd have no idea because you wouldnt be able to see it. Carbon is one of the most abundant elements in the universe. Every known kind of life contains carbon. Graphene is a sheet of carbon, but only one atom thick. You dont have to look far to find graphene its all around you. If you want this high-tech wonderstuff6, all you need is a pencil, paper and a little adhesive tape. Use the pencil to shade a small area on the paper, and then apply a small piece of adhesive tape over the area7. When you pull up the tape, youll see that it pulls up a thin layer of some of the shading from your pencil. That layer is called graphite, one of the softest minerals in the world. Now stick the same piece of tape on another sheet of paper and pull the tape up there should be an even thinner layer, this time left on the paper. Now imagine that you do this over and over, until you get the thinnest possible layer of material on the paper. This layer would be only one atom thick, and you wouldnt be able to see it. Graphite is made of layers of graphene, so when you get to the thinnest possible layer, youve found graphene. 1. 29. What would change the future of electronics according to engineers?2. A. Big technology. B. Creative ways. C. Graphene. D. Both A and B. 30. According to the second and third paragraphs, what is true of graphene?A. It can be used to make paper. B. It is possible to see it with our naked eye. C. It is easy to find graphene. D. It is possibly the thickest material in the world.31. Which of the following can be used to replace the word “apply” in paragraph 4 ?A. request. B. polish. C. use. D. put.32. Which of the following is NOT meant in the last two paragraphs?A. Graphene is made of graphite, one of the softest materials in the world. B. Graphite is made of layers of graphene, the thinnest material in the world. C. When we get to the thinnest possible layer of graphite, we find graphene. D. With a pencil, a sheet of paper and a piece of adhesive tape, we can find graphene. 33. Graphenes superstrength lies in the fact that A. It is the thinnest material in the world. B. It is made of the most abundant elements in the world. C. It can help to make electronic components smaller. D. It helps engineers to produce more sensitive electronic products.Light Night，Dark Stars Thousands of people around the globe step outside to gaze at their night sky. On a clear night，with no clouds，moonlight，or artificial lights to block the view，people can see more than 14，000 stars in the sky，says Dennis Ward，an astronomer （天文學(xué)家）with the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research （UCAR）in Boulder，Colo. But when people are surrounded by city lights，he says，theyre lucky to see 150 stars. If youve ever driven toward a big city at night and seen its glow from a great distance，youve witnessed light pollution. It occurs when light from streetlights，office （照亮）the night buildings，signs，and other sources streams into space and illuminates sky. This haze （朦朧）of light makes many stars invisible to people on Earth. Even at night，big cities like New York glow from light pollution，making stargazing difficult. Dust and particles of pollution from factories and industries worsen the effects of light pollution. “If one city has a lot more light pollution than another，” Ward says，“that city will suffer the effects of light pollution on a much greater scale.” Hazy skies also make it far more difficult for astronomers to do their jobs. Cities are getting larger. Suburbs are growing in once dark，rural areas. Light from all this new development is increasingly obscuring （使變模糊）the faint （微弱的）light given off by distant stars. And if scientists cant locate these objects，they cant learn more about them. Light pollution doesnt only affect star visibility. It can harm wildlife too. Its clear that artificial light can attract animals，making them go off course. Theres increasing evidence，for example，that migrating （遷徙）birds use sunsets and sunrises to help find their way，says Sydney Gauthreaux Jr.，a scientist at Clemson University in South Carolina. “When light occurs at night，” he says，“it has a very disruptive （破壞性的）influence.” Sometimes birds fly into lighted towers，high-rises，and cables from radio and television towers. Experts estimate that millions of birds die this way every year. 34. On a clear night，people can seeA. 150 stars. B. hundreds of stars. C. one thousand stars. D. more than 14，000 stars. 35. Light pollution occurs whenA. artificial lights illuminate the night sky. B. the moon lights up the night sky. C. too many stars are visible in the night sky D. streetlights are turned off.36. Nowadays even suburbs are becoming unsuitable for scientists to do their jobs because A. the night sky there is too dark. B. the once dark areas are also polluted by lights. C. these areas are not polluted by chemicals. D. these areas are less developed. 37. How does light pollution affect wildlife？A. Animals may go off course. B. It helps migrating birds find their homes. C. Animals are afraid to go out after sunset. D. It helps birds fall asleep. 38. The title “Light Night，Dark Stars” meansA. the night sky is brightly lit up and stars are black. B. lights appear at night and stars are seen in the dark. C. city lights at night illuminate stars in the sky. D. city lights illuminate the night sky，making stars invisible 5: 補全短文 Public Relations Public relations is a broad set of planned communications about the company, including publicity releases, designed to promote goodwill and a favorable image. _(39.1)_ Since public relations involves communications with stockholders, financial analysts, government officials, and other noncustomer groups, it is usually placed outside the marketing department, perhaps as a staff department or outside consulting firm reporting to tip management. This organizational placement can be a limitation bec