英語(yǔ)必修三第四單元詞匯短語(yǔ)導(dǎo)學(xué)案.doc

Book 3 Unit 4 Astronomy: the Science of the Stars詞匯短語(yǔ)課型導(dǎo)學(xué)案（教師版）一. 學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程Part 1 重點(diǎn)詞匯、短語(yǔ). 重點(diǎn)詞匯1. system n. 系統(tǒng)；體系；制度 2. theory n. 學(xué)說(shuō)；理論3. violent adj. 猛烈的；激烈的；強(qiáng)暴的 4. unlike prep. 不同；不像 5. harmful adj. 有害的 6. exist 存在；生存7. pull 拉；拖；牽引力 8. puzzle n. 謎；難題 9. astronomer n. 天文學(xué)家 10. atmosphere n. 大氣層11. violent adj. 猛烈的 12. global adj. 全球性的. 重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1. in time 及時(shí)；終于 2. lay eggs 下蛋 3. give birth to 產(chǎn)生；分娩 4. in ones turn 輪到某人；接著 5. prevent from 阻止；制止 6. cheer up 感到高興 7. break out突發(fā)；爆發(fā) 8. now that 既然 9. watch out 當(dāng)心；提防；密切關(guān)注 10. in time 及時(shí)Part 2 合作探究 Discuss in groups and fill in the blanks 1. However, according to a widely accepted theory, the universe began with a “Big Bang” that threw matter in all directions. 然而 ，一種普遍為人們所接受的理論是：宇宙起源于一次大爆炸，這次大爆炸將物質(zhì)投射到四面八方。1） theory n. 學(xué)說(shuō)；理論拓展 in theory 理論上 in practice實(shí)際上運(yùn)用 Your idea is good in theory, but it doesnt work in practice. 你的計(jì)劃理論上很好，但在實(shí)際中行不通。2） begin with 從中開(kāi)始拓展to begin with= to start with 以.開(kāi)始運(yùn)用知識(shí)開(kāi)始于實(shí)踐。Knowledge begins with practice. 2. The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. 地球變得如此激烈動(dòng)蕩，不知道這個(gè)固體形狀是否會(huì)繼續(xù)存在下去。 violent adj. 猛烈的；激烈的；粗暴的拓展 violence n. 暴力；猛烈 violently adv. 暴力地；猛烈地運(yùn)用 用violent的適當(dāng)形式填空： After running, his heart beats violently. When the man got drunk, he became very violent. Too much violence is shown on television.3. They were in time to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, which were to make the earths atmosphere. 它們最終產(chǎn)生了碳、氮?dú)?、水蒸氣和其他多種氣體，從而形成了地球的大氣層。 in time (for sth./ to do sth.) 及時(shí)；終于；總有一天拓展 on time準(zhǔn)時(shí) at no time絕不 at one time曾經(jīng)；一度；同時(shí) in no time立刻；馬上 ahead of time提前 at times有時(shí) once upon a time從前 have a good time玩得開(kāi)心運(yùn)用 我們能及時(shí)到達(dá)車站嗎？Can we get to the station in time? 如果你堅(jiān)持下去，你總有一天會(huì)成功。If you keep on, you will succeed in time. 明天我將會(huì)準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)那里。I will arrive there on time tomorrow.4. Water had also appeared on other planets like Mars but, unlike the earth, it had disappeared later. 在像火星這些其他行星上也出現(xiàn)了水，但和地球不同的是，這些水后來(lái)都消失了。 unlike prep. 不同；不像 adj. 不同的；不相似的拓展dislike v. 不喜歡；討厭 運(yùn)用 和我妹妹不同，我不喜歡跑步。Unlike my sister, I dislike running. 這兩個(gè)問(wèn)題是完全不同的。The two problems are quite unlike.5. What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. 很多科學(xué)家相信，由于地球上長(zhǎng)期有水存在，使地球得以把有害氣體和酸性物質(zhì)溶解在海洋里。 harmful adj. 有害的 harm n./ v. 損害；傷害 harmless adj. 無(wú)害的拓展be harmful to= do harm to 對(duì).有害運(yùn)用 吸煙有害健康。Smoking is harmful to health. 太多的陽(yáng)光可能有害。Too much sun can be harmful.6. They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.他們也下蛋，并在地球上生存了一億四千多萬(wàn)年。1) lay vt.(laid, laid, laying) 放置；擺放；產(chǎn)蛋 lay eggs 下蛋拓展 撒謊：lie-lied-lied-lying 躺，位于：lie-lay-lain-lying 放置，擺放，下蛋：lay-laid-laid-laying例句The boy lying under the tree lied to his friend that his cock laid eggs. 躺在樹(shù)下的那個(gè)男孩向他的朋友撒謊說(shuō)他的公雞下蛋了。2) exist vi. 存在；生存 existence n. 存在；生存 existent adj. 存在的拓展 exist in存在于.中 exist on靠.生活 exist as作為.而存在;以.形態(tài)存在 come into existence產(chǎn)生；成立；開(kāi)始存在 There exists/ existed. 某地有.；存在. 例句 There exists nothing without water and air. 沒(méi)有空氣和水，一切都不存在。運(yùn)用 他靠微薄的收入生活。He exists on a low salary. 魚(yú)離開(kāi)水就不能活。Fish cant exist out of water.7. These animals were different from all life forms in the past, because they gave birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed them. 哺乳動(dòng)物不同于以往所有的生物形式，因?yàn)樗麄兡軓捏w內(nèi)分娩出幼仔并給幼仔哺乳。 give birth to 產(chǎn)生；分娩拓展at birth 在出生時(shí) by birth 在血統(tǒng)上；天生地；生來(lái)運(yùn)用 她生了一個(gè)健康的女孩。She gave birth to a healthy girl. 那次非凡的經(jīng)歷誕生了他最新的一部小說(shuō)。 The extraordinary experience gave birth to his latest novel.8. Thus they have, in their turn, become the most important animals on the planet. 于是，他們接著成為這個(gè)行星上最重要的動(dòng)物。 in ones turn 輪到某人；接著拓展 in turn依次；反過(guò)來(lái) by turns 輪流地 take turns to do sth. 輪流做某事運(yùn)用 今天輪到我值日。I was on duty on my turn. 我們輪流駕車。We drove the car by turns. 他們輪流照顧他們生病的父親。They take turns to look after their sick father. 9. They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space. 他們把過(guò)多的二氧化碳釋放到大氣層中，這使得地球上的熱不能釋放到太空中去。 prevent.from 阻止；制止例句The teachers words prevented the students from making foolish mistakes.拓展相關(guān)短語(yǔ)： stop sb. (from) doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 (=keep sb. from doing sth.)運(yùn)用 她的突然到來(lái)使他不能外出。Her sudden arrival prevented him from going out. 這位教授得了一種病，這種病使他不能講話了。 The professor has a disease which prevents him from speaking.10. How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve. 地球上的生命是如何起源的，這是科學(xué)家們覺(jué)得最難解決的一個(gè)謎團(tuán)。 puzzle n. 謎；難題 v. （使）迷惑；（使）為難 puzzling adj. 使迷惑的 puzzled adj. 迷惑的；困惑的拓展feel/ be puzzled about sth. 對(duì)某事感到迷惑 puzzle over/ about sth. 對(duì)某事苦苦思索 運(yùn)用 這個(gè)字母使我迷惑不解。This letter puzzles me. 她對(duì)她的未來(lái)感到迷惑。She felt puzzled about her future. 他昨晚冥思苦想一道數(shù)學(xué)題。He puzzled over/ about a math problem last night. 11. As a result of this event, a great dust cloud formed in the sky blocking out the sunlight. 因?yàn)檫@一事件，一大團(tuán)塵埃在空中形成，擋住了陽(yáng)光。 1) as a result of 作為結(jié)果；由于 拓展as a result結(jié)果；因此 運(yùn)用雨太大，所以我來(lái)晚了。As a result of the rain, I was late. 他由于受傷而死亡。She died as a result of injuries. 結(jié)果，我們通過(guò)了考試。As a result, we pass the exam. 2) block out 擋?。ü饩€） 運(yùn)用那堵墻把光線都遮住了。That wall blocks out the light. 我們用窗簾擋住陽(yáng)光。We use the curtain to block out the sunshine.12. that a comet crashed into the earth long ago and caused the disappearance. crash into v. 撞上；闖入 例句 The motorcycle crashed into the fence. 摩托車猛地撞在了圍欄上。 運(yùn)用 飛機(jī)撞毀在山上了。The plane crashed into the mountain.13. “Oh dear,” I cried, “ walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.” “天吶，”我大聲說(shuō)，“重力改變了，看來(lái)走路也的確需要練一練了。 now that 既然；由于運(yùn)用 既然你很忙，就讓我替你做吧。Now that you are busy, let me do it for you. 既然已經(jīng)完成了工作，你就應(yīng)該好好休息一下。 Now that you have finished your work, you had better take