滬教牛津版八年級下 UNIT1 Helping those in need

Unit 1 Helping those in need 一 重點詞匯講解一 重點詞匯講解 1 raise v 籌集 提升 增加籌集 提升 增加 第三人稱單數(shù) raises 過去式 raised 過去分詞 raised 現(xiàn)在分詞 raising 搭配 raise money 籌款籌款 raise money for 為為 籌款籌款 raise one s voice 提高 嗓門 例如 They raised money for homeless people raise price 提高價格 raise one s spirits 打起精神 raise keep 有 飼養(yǎng) 撫養(yǎng) 的意思 如 raise cattle keep cattle 飼養(yǎng)牲口 和 raise children 撫養(yǎng)孩子 辨析 raise rise rise rose risen 的區(qū)別 1 這兩個詞都有 提高 上升 增加 的意思 但其用法不同 raise 是及物動詞 其主語通常是人 而 rise 是不及物動詞 其主語通常是 物 例如 The sun rises and bathes the earth 太陽升起 普照大地 Bath n 沐浴 浴室 bathe v 沐浴 洗 光線 充滿 2 raise 和 rise 用于同一事物時含義不同 例如 The price of TV sets has been raised recently 最近電視機提價了 政府或 廠家主動行動 The price of TV sets has risen recently 最近電視機提價了 市場調(diào)節(jié) 2 permission n agreement 準許 批準準許 批準 搭配 Ask permission 報請批準報請批準 Write a letter to the head teacher to to raise money 給 校長寫一封信請求允許籌錢 同根詞 permit v allow you to do it 許可 準許 默許 The guards permitted me to bring my camera and tape recorder 知識拓展 1 表示請求某人允許自己做某事 通常與動詞 ask ask for request 連用 She asked for permission to leave work early 她請求許可早點下班 2 表示允許某人做某事 通常與動詞 give 連用 Who gave you permission to come here 誰準許你到這里來的 3 表示不允許某人做某事 通常與動詞 refuse deny 連用 The school has been refused permission to expand 學校擴充未得到允許 3 disabled adj 喪失能力的 有殘疾的喪失能力的 有殘疾的 I taught disabled children to sing 我教殘疾的孩子唱歌 同根詞 disable v make sb unable to do sth 使殘廢 使傷殘 He is disabled from voting 他失去了選舉資格 enable v n e b l make sb able to do sth 使 某人 能夠做某事 The new test should enable doctors to detect the disease early 新的檢測手段應(yīng)該能夠使醫(yī)生們盡早查出這種疾病 搭配 mentally disabled 有智力缺陷 learning disabilities 學習障礙 4 offer v be willing to do something 主動提出主動提出 搭配 offer to do sth 主動提出去做某事 愿意做某事主動提出去做某事 愿意做某事 Peter offered to teach them water skiing 彼得主動提出教他們滑水 搭配 offer one s hand 伸出友好的手 offer sb sth 為某人提供某物 They have offered me a large sum of money to go away 他們曾為我提供一大筆搬 遷費 辨析 provide offer 的區(qū)別 provide 用于表示無主動慷慨之意地為人或物提供需要或有用的東西 僅僅是 出于某種責任 強調(diào)提供必須用的東西 尤其是生活用品 多數(shù)情況是免費的 常用于 provide sb with sth 或 provide sth for sb 的固定搭配中 offer 表示主動提供服務(wù) 工作等 對方可以接受 也可以不接受 常用于 offer sb sth 或 offer sth to sb 固定搭配中 例如 offer sb 主動提出幫助某人 offer sb a good salary 給某人一個好工資 Somehow she managed to provide her children with food and clothing 她總算設(shè)法使她的孩子有飯吃 有衣穿 He offered me a glass of wine He offered a glass of wine to me 他端給我一杯 酒 5 illness n 某種 病 某種 病 The children there all suffer from serious illness 那里的孩子都遭受疾病的折磨 同根詞 ill adj 有病的 比較級 worse 最高級 worst 辨析 ill illness sick 的區(qū)別 illness 是 ill 的名詞形式 是可數(shù)名詞 ill 和 sick 都有 生病的 有病的 之意 但用法并不完全相同 ill 表示 生病的 有病的 這一意思時 一般用作表語 不能作定語 sick 既可以作表語又可以作定語 如 病人 可以說 a sick man 或 the sick 但不 能說 an ill man 或 the ill 例如 She is ill sick in bed 她臥病在床 She is looking after her sick father 她在照顧她生病的父親 sick 有 惡心的 厭倦的 之意 例如 The smell makes me sick 這氣味使我感 到惡心 ill 作定語修飾名詞時是 壞的 邪惡的 之意 例如 He is an ill man 他是一個邪惡的人 一言辨異 Although I am ill I have to look after my sick sister at home today Because of illness she can t go to school 盡管我病了病了 但是今天我必須在家照看 我生病的生病的妹妹 因為疾病疾病 她沒有去上學 6 organize v 組織組織 In the end we all decided to organize a concert for Easter 最終 我們一致決定 組織一場復(fù)活節(jié)音樂會 同根詞 organization n 組織 機構(gòu) organizer n 組織者 organized adj 有組織 的 What do you know about our organization 關(guān)于我們的組織你知道些什么 Students need organized activities 學生們需要有組織的活動 Who is the organizer of the exhibition 誰是這次展覽會的組織者 7 express v 表達 表露表達 表露 This helps them express their feelings 這有助于他們表達他們的情感 同根詞 expression n 表現(xiàn) 表示 表達 表情 She gave expression to her sadness 她流露出了悲傷之情 8 lonely adj 孤獨的 寂寞的 荒涼的孤獨的 寂寞的 荒涼的 比較級 比較級 lonelier 最高級 最高級 loneliest It felt like the loneliest place in the world 感覺這就像是天底下最荒涼的地方 辨析 lonely alone 的區(qū)別 alone 為形容詞 意為 單獨的 只作表語 不能作定語 側(cè)重說明獨自一人 沒有助手或同伴 沒有感情色彩的只表示客觀的狀態(tài) lonely 意為 孤獨的 表示主觀上感到孤獨 寂寞 有較濃的感情色彩 指因 缺少朋友 同情 友誼等產(chǎn)生的一種悲傷和憂郁的感情 它為形容詞 在句中 作表語或定語 作定語時 意為 荒涼 偏僻 多修飾表示地點的名詞 alone 還可以作副詞 alone adv 單獨 獨自 She went home alone She went home by herself 她獨自回家去了 The old man lives in a lonely town he lives alone but he does t feel lonely 這位老人住在偏僻的鎮(zhèn)上 他獨自一人住著 但他并不感到孤獨 一言辯異 I didn t feel lonely though I was alone 我雖孤身一人 但并不感到寂寞 9 friendship n 友情 友誼友情 友誼 同根詞 friend n 朋友 復(fù)數(shù) friends True friendship is worth more than money 真正的友誼比金錢更有價值 friendly adj 友好的 Robert has a friendly relationship with his customers 羅伯特和他的客戶之間關(guān) 系處得很好 friendliness n 友善 She also loves the friendliness of the people 她也喜歡人們的友善 10 difficulty n be not able to do something easily 困難 費勁困難 費勁 The country is facing great economic difficulties 該國正面臨巨大的經(jīng)濟困難 同根詞 difficult adj hard to do 困難的 The child is going through a difficult phase 那孩子正經(jīng)歷困難的階段 It s difficult for me 對我來說這很難 搭配 have difficulty in doing something 做做 有困難有困難 I had no difficulty in making myself understood 我毫不費力地表達了自己的意 思 in difficulty difficulties 處境困難 The bank is in difficulty difficulties 這家銀行處境困難 11 joy n a feeling of great happiness 愉快 喜悅愉快 喜悅 I taught them to sing because music can bring them joy and peace 我教他們唱歌 因為音樂能帶給他們喜悅與寧靜 同根詞 joyful n 快樂的 高興的 令人開心的 使人喜悅的 He was excited and joyful at the success 他因成功而激動欣喜 搭配 to one s joy 令人高興的是 使某人高興的是 To her joy her son was permitted to a key university 12 peace n 平靜 寧靜平靜 寧靜 the Nobel Peace Prize 諾貝爾和平獎 One more question and I ll leave you in peace 再問一個問題 我就不打擾你了 同根詞 peaceful adj 和平的 愛好和平的 安靜的 平靜的 Evening in the country is a very peaceful time 鄉(xiāng)村里的今晚是平靜安謐的時刻 13 hurt v injure nd 使疼痛 受傷使疼痛 受傷 Tim hurt his legs in an accident but he has lots of courage 提姆在一次事故中傷了腿 但他很勇敢 同根詞 hurt adj 受傷的 痛苦的 受 損壞的 They did not seem to be badly hurt 他們看起來沒有受重傷 搭配 hurt oneself 自己受傷 Have you hurt yourself 你傷著自己了嗎 注意 身體傷害重用 badly 修飾 精神 感情受到創(chuàng)傷用 very much rather deeply 修飾 The driver hurt himself badly in the accident 那位司機在事故中傷得很重 Your words deeply hurt her 你的話深深地傷害了她 14 courage n 勇氣 勇敢勇氣 勇敢 同根詞 encourage v 鼓勵 鼓舞 支持 促進 鼓動 My English teacher often encourages us to read English aloud 我的英語老師常常鼓勵我們大聲讀英語 搭配 take one s courage in both hands 鼓起勇氣去做 敢作敢為 gather courage 鼓足勇氣鼓足勇氣 lose courage 失去勇氣失去勇氣 gather g vt 收集 收割 Taking her courage in both hands she opened the door and walked in 她壯著膽打開門 走了進去 Failure is the mother of success Keep up your courage 失敗是成功之母 鼓起你 的勇氣來 15 Spirits n 情緒 心境情緒 心境 他回到家里是情緒非常好 He felt in excellent spirits when he arrived home Spirit n 精神 勇氣 意志 盡管他已經(jīng)不再人世 但他的精神卻至今還在 Even though he is no longer living his spirit lives on today 固定搭配 in spirit 在心里 在心里 在精神上在精神上 16 pay v 付款 償還付款 償還 We paid 35 pounds for each ticket 我們每張票付了 35 英鎊 同根詞 pay n 工資 薪水 報答 They complained about their pay and conditions 他們抱怨他們的薪水和工作條 件 搭配 pay off 償清 債務(wù) 支付 債務(wù) 的全部數(shù)額 pay attention to 注意 pay a visit to 去參觀 拜訪 pay for 為 付 款 辨析 take spend cost 和 pay 的用法區(qū)別 總結(jié) take 一般用 it 作主語 例如 it takes sb sometime to do sth spend 一般是人作主語 例如 I spend an hour finishing my homework cost 表示某物值什么的 價值或錢 例如 The book cost 200 yuan pay 一般是人作主語 例如 I pay lots of money for books spend 的主語必須是人的主語必須是人 常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu)常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu) 1 spend time money on sth 在 上花費時間 金錢 例如 I spent two hours on this math problem 這道數(shù)學題花了我兩個小時 2 spend time money in doing sth 花費時間 金錢 做某事 例如 They spent two years in building this bridge 造這座橋花了他們兩年時間 3 spend money for sth 花錢買 例如 His money was spent for books 他的錢用來買書了 cost 的主語是物或某種活動的主語是物或某種活動 還可以表示還可以表示 值值 常見用法如下 常見用法如下 1 sth costs sb 金錢 某物花了 某人 多少錢 例如 A new computer costs a lot of money 2 doing sth costs sb 時間 某物 做某事 花了 某人 多少時間 例 如 Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time 他花了大量時間才記住了 這些單詞 注意 cost 的過去式及過去分詞都是 cost 并且不能用于被動句 take 后面常跟雙賓語 常見用法有以下幾種 后面常跟雙賓語 常見用法有以下幾種 1 It takes sb 時間 to do sth 做某事花了某人多少時間 例如 It took them three years to build this road 他們用三年時間修完了這條路 2 doing sth takes sb 時間 做某事花了某人多少時間 例如 Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon 他花了一下午修車 pay 的基本用法是 的基本用法是 1 pay sb money for sth 付錢 給某人 買 例如 I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month 我每個月要付 20 英鎊 的房租 2 pay for sth 付 的錢 例如 I have to pay for the book lost 我不得不賠丟失的書款 3 pay for sb 替某人付錢 例如 Don t worry I ll pay for you 別擔心 我會給你付錢的 4 pay sb 付錢給某人 例如 They pay us every month 他們每月給我們報酬 5 pay money back 還錢 例如 May I borrow 12 yuan from you I ll pay it back next week 6 pay off one s money 還清錢 17 voluntary adj 自愿的 志愿的自愿的 志愿的 He made a voluntary statement to the police 他自愿為警方作供 18 be used for doing 被用來做 某事 be used to do 被用來去做 be used as 把 用作 被用來當作 be used by 某物 被某人使用 by 后接動詞的執(zhí)行者 be used to doing sth 習慣于 做某事 習慣于 做某事 used to do sth 過去常常做某事過去常常做某事 This medicine is used for curing cancer 這種藥物是用于治療癌癥的 Clothes are used to keep warm 衣服是用來保暖的 The box is used as a table 這個箱子被當作桌子用 This car is used by Mr Li 這是李先生的專用轎車 My father is used to getting up early 我爸爸習慣于早起 I used to dance after school 我過去常常放學后跳舞 In the past people used to use horses as their transport 過去人們常常使用馬匹作 為他們的交通工具 18 since then 自從那時起 since I was born 自從我出生時 since 時間點 用于完成時 自從 5 點開始他就在等了 He has waited since 5 o clock 陳先生自從 2 歲起就住在這兒 Mr Chen has lived here since 2 years old 我們自從七年前開始就學習英語了 We have learned English since 7 years ago 新詞強化訓練 1 They will give a concert to 籌款 for charity 2 You must 報請批準 if you want to leave early 3 Excuse me would you 幫我個忙 Sure What would you like me to do 4 He is 因 受苦 nervous tension 神經(jīng)緊張 5 Will you go to the park to 拍照 with me this afternoon 6 Who knows what will happen 將來 7 He is 不健康 He is often sick 8 You must 照顧 yourself and keep healthy 9 My grandma is ill 住院 now My aunt is taking care of her 10 We have a golf course in the 社區(qū) 11 How much did you p for the sweater Eight dollars 用所給詞的適當形式填空 1 People don t allow teenager to drive a car 2 He didn t go to the meeting because of his ill 3 We had no difficult in finding the house 4 Tom don t be afraid of speak in front of people You are the best one 5 Some boys of Class One enjoy listen to music 6 He used to play football 7 According to 根據(jù) the passage which of the following follow is true 8 Though it was raining they continued working work in the fields 9 Tom don t be afraid of speaking speak in front of people You are the best one 10 Some boys of Class One enjoy listening listen to music 11 He used to play play football 單項填空 1 The young man offered his seat an old lady on the crowded bus A with B to C for D at 2 Though his grandmother lives she never feels A alone alone B lonely lonely C alone lonely D lonely alone 3 We have activities after class You can take part in them A kind of B a kind C many kinds of D a kind of 4 Tomorrow is The students want to buy some flowers for their teachers A Teacher Day B Teacher s Day C Teachers Day D the Teachers 5 Old Henry is so lonely that he hopes to know about every day A special something B special anything B C something special 肯定句用 sth D anything special 6 I don t know how to begin a talk with Betty She can sit all day long a word A by B with C in D without 7 Scientists are trying their best to come up with ways to treat 治療 the terrible disease 疾病 H7N9 A called B call C name D was call 8 He was born in 1956 and in 2012 A death B dead C died D die 9 How is your English study Not bad But I learning English grammar A am interested in B am good at C have difficulty D have no trouble 10 Sam my mobile phone is in my bedroom Could you if for me No problem A bring B get C take D carry 重點句子 1 Cindy is in hospital because she suffered from serious illnesses 2 She wanted to paint a picture of the park near her home 3 I went there and took some photos of it 4 Her parents died in a car accident and she is unhappy and very lonely 5 He hurt his legs in an accident but he has lots of courage 6 We need to help children like Tim and raise their spirits Grammar 動詞不定式動詞不定式 1 基本形式 基本形式 to 動詞原形 在某些情況下可以不帶 to 2 特點 特點 A 沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化 B 可以有自己的賓語和狀語 C 有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化 被動語態(tài)的形式為 to be 動詞過去分詞 D 動詞不定式的否定式直接在不定式的前面加 not 3 動詞不定式用法 動詞不定式用法 A 作主語作主語 動詞不定式作主語時 句子的謂語動詞常用單數(shù) 其位置有以下兩種 1 把不定式置于句首 如 To get there by bike will take us half an hour To learn a foreign language is not easy It s not easy to learn a foreign language 2 用 it 作形式主語 把真正的主語不定式置于句后 常用于下列句式中 It is good to help others 幫助他人是件好事 It is exciting to surf the Internet 上網(wǎng)是件令人興奮的事 B 作表語 作表語 表語是用來說明主語的身份 性質(zhì) 品性 特征和狀態(tài)的 表語常由名詞 形容詞 副 詞 介詞短語 不定式 動詞的 ing 從句來充當 它常位于系動詞 be become appear seem look sound feel get smell 等詞 之后 如果句子的表語也是由一個句子充當?shù)?那么這個充當表語 的句子就叫做表語從句 The important thing is to finish the work on time 完成工作 What you have to do now is to clean the classroom 打掃教室 C 作賓語作賓語 1 動詞動詞 to do 常見動詞有常見動詞有 agree choose decide forget fail go on learn hope mean 意味 想要意味 想要 need offer plan regret require remember seem stop try wish want 等等 注意注意 部分動詞后接不定式與接動名詞的含義不同 如 部分動詞后接不定式與接動名詞的含義不同 如 stop forget remember 1 He decided to buy buy the camera 2 I want to listen to listen to some music after class 3 I hope to travel travel all over the world one day 2 動詞動詞 疑問代 副 詞疑問代 副 詞 to do I don t know what to do 做什么 how to do it that 怎么做 where to go 去哪里 when to leave 什么時候出發(fā) Which one to choose 選擇哪個 例 I haven t decided when to take a holiday yet A took B taking C to take D take 3 動詞動詞 it 形式賓語 形式賓語 賓補賓補 to do I find it important to learn English 我發(fā)現(xiàn)很難和他好好相處 I find it hard to get on well with him 我發(fā)現(xiàn)在炎熱的夏天很容易入睡 I find it easy to fall asleep in hot summer 動詞不定式做賓補動詞不定式做賓補 1 動詞 賓語 to do Li Mei asked me to show her the new dictionary 注 有以上結(jié)構(gòu)的常用動詞有注 有以上結(jié)構(gòu)的常用動詞有 tell wish ask want like beg 請求請求 invite 邀 邀 請 請 warn 警告 提醒 警告 提醒 allow encourage advise 等 等 2 動詞 賓語 do 不帶 to 的不定式 注 常用的動詞是注 常用的動詞是 感官動詞感官動詞 see hear feel watch notice 使役動詞使役動詞 have make let 如果將其改成被動語態(tài) 必須將不定式符號 如果將其改成被動語態(tài) 必須將不定式符號 to 還原 還原 例 Colors can change our moods 情緒 and make us feel happy or sad A Feel B to feel C felt D feeling 固定搭配 make sb do sth E 作狀語 作狀語 可以表目的 表結(jié)果 表原因 可以表目的 表結(jié)果 表原因 為了強調(diào)目的 為了強調(diào)目的 有時可以把不定式有時可以把不定式 放在句首 或在不定式前面加放在句首 或在不定式前面加 in order to 或或 so as not to I came here to tell you good news 告訴你一個好消息 She stydied hard to pass the exam 她刻苦學習 以便通過考試 F 作定語 作定語 必須后置 必須后置 我們每天有很多作業(yè)要做我們每天有很多作業(yè)要做 We have a lot of homework to do every day 我有個好消息要告訴你我有個好消息要告訴你 I have good news to tell you 不帶不帶 to 的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)的不定式結(jié)構(gòu) 以下幾種情況使用不帶 to 的動詞不定式 1 在固定詞組在固定詞組 had better 之后 注意之后 注意 had better 的否定形式是的否定形式是 had better not do sth 例如 例如 You had better go home now 你最好現(xiàn)在回家 It s cold outside You d better not go out 外面很冷 你最好不要出去 2 will would you please 之后動詞不定式不帶之后動詞不定式不帶 to Would you please say it again more slowly 請你再慢慢說它一下好嗎 2 在感官動詞在感官動詞 see watch feel hear look at listen to 和使役動詞和使役動詞 have make let 后要跟不帶后要跟不帶 to 的動詞不定式作賓語補足語 例如的動詞不定式作賓語補足語 例如 I made them give me the money back 我迫使他們把錢還給我 I didn t see you come in 我沒看見你進來 3 在引導(dǎo)疑問句的在引導(dǎo)疑問句的