英語音標表發(fā)音規(guī)律記憶口訣2.doc

英語中元音和輔音(母音和子音)的分類表英 語 音 標（采用口腔后部發(fā)聲法發(fā)音）發(fā)音特征元音*母音 單元音聲帶振動前元音：i:/ I: i e A發(fā)音清晰響亮氣流通暢中元音：Q E E: / :后元音：B: C: C u: u雙元音振動ai ei Ci iE ZE/ eE uE au Eu輔音*子音啞輔音不振動ptk fsWF h tFtrts發(fā)音含糊晦澀氣流受阻濁輔音振動bdg vzTV r dVdrdzmnN l/l wj 輔音連綴prplbrblkrklgrglfrflsnslskspswdwhwkwtw Wr pju:bju:tju:dju:kju:gju:fju:vju:lju:mju:nju:hju:zju三、英語拼音怎么來拼讀：(也就是單詞的音標怎么讀。/與我們漢語拼音很相似) （拼讀規(guī)則：以元音為中心劃分音節(jié)，按音節(jié)來拼讀。）拼讀口訣：元音為中心，劃分音節(jié)、按音節(jié)拼讀；多音節(jié)加重音、多音節(jié)一重多輕發(fā)音，輕音節(jié)怎么輕怎么發(fā)音。重開音節(jié)讀長音，輕/閉音節(jié)讀短音。例子：hehi:, name neim, tableteibl, bicyclebaisikl, teacherti:tFE, red, cap, and, thank, basket, yellow, umbrella, 四、英文字母和常見字母組合的發(fā)音規(guī)則（或一般規(guī)律）：1. 為什么要掌握字母和常見字母組合的一般發(fā)音規(guī)律？目的只有一個，讓我們能夠做到-見字讀音、音義結(jié)合。記住詞形、服務拼寫。第二步就是要反過來，學會語音認字（類似我們的拼音認字），通過多加練習，逐步達到聽音寫字、音義結(jié)合的水平。第三步是形義結(jié)合，練習英語漢語意義對應翻譯。例1：假如你知道字母組合ee一般發(fā)音是i: (規(guī)律), 那么，meet這個單詞就脫口而出了。 單詞(詞形)： meet 詞義：遇見；初次見面/認識；滿足迎合；迎接/出迎。 _-_-_ 讀音/音標 例 2：單詞(詞形)：which 詞義：哪個，哪些 _-_-_ 讀音/音標 例 3：單詞(詞形)：whose 詞義：誰的？ _-_-_ 讀音/音標 例 4：單詞(詞形)：pl ea se 詞義：請，求你了, _-_-_ 讀音/音標 2. 英語26個字母和常見字母組合的一般發(fā)音規(guī)律：（要求熟記于心，脫口而出）?總口訣： 元音字母音多變，熟記規(guī)則也不難。輔音字母顯易單，見面就把音來念。 字母組合固定音，千錘百煉習語感。遇見生詞找規(guī)律，劃分音節(jié)順口連， 元音字母在中間，輔音字母兩邊站，字母組合算一個，熟能生巧難亦簡。 輔音字母發(fā)音小口訣：輔音字母顯易單，見面就把音來念。b發(fā)b, c發(fā)k, ci(y) ce多發(fā)s; 例詞：blue, table, Crisp, class, picture, actor, pencil, bicycle, nice,d發(fā)d, f f, g發(fā)g dV, V少見; Sandy, dog, red, fly, coffee, green, egg, orange, garageh h, j發(fā)dV, k / l k l可分連; her, here, his, jeep, Japan, book, look, blue, Klan classm m, n nN, p p q k r 發(fā)r; meet, am, no, green, thank, English, pen, cap, quickly, Crisp,s 最多s和z, 趨唇F V也常見; sir, this, sit, is, his, whose, please, sureF, usuallyV, pleasurex 發(fā)音剪頭端，ks多于gz面； six, pencil-box, excuse, exercise; exam, (后接重讀元音)t 發(fā)t, v 發(fā)v, w 輔音w來念； teacher, it, very, voice, river, with, swim, wash, which, white最后一個字母z，發(fā)好z音才算完。zoo, zero, size, puzzle, ?輔音字母一見發(fā)音表： bcdfghjklmnbkcapdfgegghdVklmnscitydV-lNg/ktablericebedcoffeeorangehighjeepbook bluemeetnosebluebicycledogflygarbagehelloJapankeepballroompenVgaragetablethankpqrstvwx(y)zpkrsdesktvwksjyesz-rzeasygzaimypencilquickroseVusuallysitvoicewashboxibusyzooopenquartersorrypleasureteacherinviteswimexamveryzeroteacherFsurelittlequicklyfreeze?常見輔音字母組合的發(fā)音口訣： 字母組合固定音，千錘百煉習語感。wh發(fā)音 h 和 w, th 常發(fā) W 和 T；ch/tch多發(fā) tF, 有時發(fā)音 F 或 k；sh F, ph f, gh 不發(fā)或發(fā) f(詞尾)；gedge 多發(fā) dV, ck 發(fā) k, kn n; ng 易發(fā) N Ng, qu發(fā)音 kw 和k。wr 發(fā)卷趨 r, 雙寫分節(jié)不分音。 動詞或復數(shù)詞尾s /es, 多發(fā)sz/ 和iz; ts ts dsdz例詞：wh發(fā)音 h 和 w, wh - which, white, what, where, when, why whose, who, whole *whew hw-th 常發(fā) W 和 T；th - this, that, the, they, with thank, three, tooth, forth, eleventhch/tch多發(fā) tF, 有時發(fā)音 F 或 k； (t)ch - chicken, chair, child, sandwich, catch, watch chase(追趕，追擊，追求), ache, headache, chemist machinemEFEn, chaise Feiz (帶篷二輪馬車)sh F, ph f, gh 不發(fā)或發(fā) f(詞尾)； sh - shoe, ship, sheep, fish, wash, ash ph - photo, telephone, phrase gh - right, light, daughter laugh, cough gedge 多發(fā) dV, ck 發(fā) k, kn n; (d)ge - orange, page, bridge, fridge, porridge(麥片粥，稀飯) ck - black, kick, lock, back kn - knife, know, knock, knee(膝蓋), kneel(跪下), knit (編織), knob(球形把手, 旋鈕), knack (訣竅), knight(騎士,武士; *金山游俠，金山公司出品的游戲修改軟件),ng 易發(fā) N Ng, qu發(fā)音 kw 和k。ng - sing, song, long, wing English, hungryqu - quick, quite(相當，十分), quiet (安靜的，平靜的), quarter, require, cheque(支票), unique(唯一，獨有獨特的), technique(技巧), wr 發(fā)卷趨 r, wr - wrong, write, wrap(包，裹), wrist(手腕), wrest(擰，扭), wrestle(摔跤), wring(絞，扭) 雙寫分節(jié)不分音：miss, apple, egg, sorry, yellow, umbrella 雙寫元音字母：see, zoo, bookts/tes - its tail(它的尾巴), two baskets /boats(兩個籃子/小船), my coats /shirts (我的上衣/襯衫), three hats(三頂帽子), Whats this? Its a pen. sits, ds/des- two birds, two hands, English words, their beds, their heads, two blackboards, goods(商品/貨物), 輔音連綴：pr - practice, praise, pray, press, price, proud, pl- please, play, plane, plan, place, plain, plenty (豐富, 大量), pliers (鉗子(如老虎鉗,手鉗,扁嘴鉗等),鑷子), plod(沉重地走, 辛勤工作), plop (撲通落下), plum(李子), plug(插頭,插上),br- brag(吹牛), brake (閘，剎車), brain, break, bread, breed (使)繁殖, 教養(yǎng), 撫養(yǎng)), brown, bride(新娘), bribe(賄賂, 向行賄), brush bl- black, bleed, blind, blouse, blood, blue, cr-/kr- crab(螃蟹), cradle(搖籃), cream, crop, cricket(昆蟋蟀, 運動板球) criticize(批評, 責備), cry,cruel(殘忍的), kraut(泡菜), Kremlin (克里姆林宮), cl-/kl- class, claim(根據(jù)權(quán)利)要求得到, 認領(lǐng), 聲稱, 主張, 需要) clean, clear, clock, close, click(發(fā)出滴答 聲,單擊n.滴答聲) , club(俱樂部, 夜總會,), klaxon (高音喇叭/氣笛, 電喇叭), Klan (=Ku Klux Klan)三K黨) gr- grade, grass, grape, graceful(優(yōu)雅的，溫文爾雅)，green, great, grief(悲痛, 傷心事, 不幸, 憂傷), grin(露齒笑, 裂口笑), groan(呻吟(著說), gruffly (說話或態(tài)度粗暴地, 粗聲地, 生硬地)gl- glass, glad, gleam (發(fā)微光, 使閃爍), glide(滑行,滑翔), globe(地球儀), glove(手套), glue(膠水/膠合) fr- France, French, free, fresh (新鮮的, 無經(jīng)驗的), frequent (頻繁的), friend (朋友), fried, fry, frog (青蛙), from(自，從)，front (前面,前線,陣線), fruit (水果, 果實, 果類, 成果), frustrated (感到灰心/失敗的) fl- flat, flag, flame(火焰,熱情), flap (拍打, 鼓翼而飛, 飄動), flares (喇叭褲), flash (閃光, 閃現(xiàn), 一瞬間), sl- slave (奴隸), slander (誹謗), slaughter (屠宰, 殘殺, 屠殺), sleep (睡眠, 睡覺), sm- small (小的, 少的), smart (聰明的, 漂亮的, 靈巧地, 時髦地), smarty (=wise guy自作聰明的人), sn- snow, snake, snack (吃)快餐/小吃), sk- skate, skating, skirt, ski (=skee滑雪), skim (掠過, 滑過, 瀏覽), skin (皮膚, 獸皮, 皮毛), skint (身無分文的, 窮光蛋的), skip (跳, 蹦,跳讀), sky-blue (天藍色的, 淡藍色, 蔚藍色) sp- speak (說話, 談話, )spear (spiE矛, 槍), specific (spisifik特效藥, 詳細而精確的, 明確的), spice (香料, 調(diào)味品,情趣), spider (蜘蛛), sport(運動,運動會), st- stand, stamp (郵票, 跺(腳), 頓(足), stage (舞臺,戲劇,舉行), star (星, 恒星, 明星, 名角),dw- dwarf (dwC:fn.矮子, 侏儒v.(使)變矮小), tw- twelve, twelfth, twenty, twentieth, twain (tweinn.兩, 雙, 二, 一對),thr- three, thread(線，細絲, 線索, 思路, 螺紋), * ?字母L的兩種讀音口訣：音節(jié)開頭發(fā)清音l -, 音節(jié)末尾模糊音- l,l - lazy, like, look, long, lubber (lQbE adj.粗笨的, 笨拙的n.傻大個), black, please, clock, color, toilet, holiday, English, Italian, nationality, lollipop, - l girlE:l, ball C:l, small, schoolu:l, wellel, smell, level(E)l, smileail, hillil, oldEul, cold, childail, children il, full ul, beautiful ul, apple pl, people, pupil, table bl, impossible, label (貼)標簽), little tl, bottle, title, middle dl, cradle(搖籃),bicycle kl, eagle gl, pencil sl, puzzle -zl, dazzle5dAzl(眩目，晃眼，耀眼), 常見音節(jié)尾音總結(jié)：i:l / il / el/ Al / Ql / El / E:l / C:l / Cl / u:l / ul / ail / eil / Cil / iEl / uEl / aul / Eul / -pl / -bl / -tl / -dl / -kl / -gl / -fl / -vl / -sl / -zl / -pEl / -bEl / -tEl / -dEl / -kEl / -gEl / -fEl / -vEl / -sEl / -zEl ?元音字母a e i(y) o u 的發(fā)音口訣： 元音字母音多變，熟記規(guī)則也不難。重開音節(jié)多長音，eii:aiEuju:/u:來拼；重閉音節(jié)/輕音短，AeiCQuEa接r /ss常發(fā)B:/A, 還有eiA C/C:i E。e的發(fā)音首數(shù)e，空尾/重i:輕iE。重開音節(jié)i發(fā)ai，重閉/輕音短iE。o發(fā)長音EuC:u:，短音QCE one殊。u字多發(fā) ju:和Q，忙碌busy(i)加u:u。y頭發(fā)j重讀ai，輕音/結(jié)尾i變來。ay ,ey, o/uy，多發(fā)eii,Ciai。r前元音常卷舌，S后弱音須強化。相近發(fā)音不規(guī)則，省力順口是關(guān)鍵。相近/強化加弱化，使得元音多變化。例詞：a- / ei / B:/ A/ C:/ C/ E/ i / 強化音ei，弱化音Ea接r /ss常發(fā)B:/A, 還有eiA C/C:i E。name ei, table ei, car B:, park B:, class B:, basket B:/A, as A, ass A, father B:, afterward(s) B:/E(然后, 后來), dollar E,cap A, catch A, grammar A/E, America E, asleep, alone, afraid, banana E /B:/E, woman E, water C:, watch C, what C, war C:, orange i, e- / i:/ e/ i / E/ -*(詞尾空音) / 強化音i:，弱化音E/ i e的發(fā)音首數(shù)e，空尾/重i:輕iE。 he i:, she i:, we i:, me i:, evening i:, red e, pencil e, empty e, desk e, umbrella e, French e, basket i, women i, pretty i, the E / i:, children E, open E, hundred E / i:,/ -*(詞尾空音) /- whose z, house s, nice s, face s, white t, name m, give v, side d, wake k, prize z, fine n, tube b, orange dV, employee i: (職工, 雇員, 店員), apple pl, table bl, little tl, middle dl, bicycle kl, eagle gl(鷹), i- /ai / i:/ i / E / 強化音ai/i:，弱化音E/ i 重開音節(jié)發(fā)i: /ai，重閉/輕音短iE。 right ai, bicycle ai, white ai, police i:, this i, which i, his i,building i, beautiful E, holiday E,o- /Eu/ Q/ C/ C:/u:/ u / E / wQ- 強化音Eu/ C:/u:，弱化音Eu- /ju:/ Q / u / u: /i / 強化音ju:/u:，弱化音iu字多發(fā) ju:和Q，忙碌busy(i)加u:u。 use ju:, usually ju:, tube ju:, music ju:, pupil ju:, rubber Q, umbrella Q, mum Q, hungry Q, bus Q, just Q,cup Q,put u, full u, pull u, ruler u:,Sue u:,blue u:,minute i, busy i y- /ai / j / i / 強化音ai，弱化音i y頭發(fā)j重讀ai，輕音/結(jié)尾i變來。 your j, you j, yes j, yellow j, young j, my ai, why ai, tyre ai, style ai, fry ai, cry ai, bicycle i, baby i, ready i, hungry i, very i, thirsty i, empty i, busy i, body i, slowly i,?常見元音字母組合發(fā)音口訣： 字母組合固定音，常受影響發(fā)音變；千錘百煉習語感。組合愛發(fā)長/雙元(音(重讀音節(jié))；常受影響發(fā)音變；為了順口圖方便，近似發(fā)音相變換。另有強化加弱化，多個字母省略念。外來/古語不規(guī)則(發(fā)音)，熟讀百遍字腔圓。a- ay ei day, say, play, way, weekday, birthday, / i Sunday, Monday, ar B: car, star, farm, are, park, garlic, / E dollar, collar, grammar, particular pEtikju:lE, al C: all, ball, small, hall, walk, chalk, / B: half, C:l / Al / El 非組合式的情況：althoughC:l, alga AlgE(藻類, 海藻), algal AlgEl(adj.海藻的), algebra AldVibrE (代數(shù)學), signal lsigEl(信號/發(fā)信號, 用信號通知), au C: daughter, fault, audience, cause, AugustC:gEst (八月), august C:gQst(令人敬畏的, 威嚴的), C because, au kraut(泡菜), B: laugh, air ZE air, chair, hair, pair, fair, ai ei aid, aim, rain, afraid, wait, maid, straight, faith (信念, 宗教信仰, 忠實,), aw C: draw, law, saw, awful, raw, e- ea i: teacher, tea, eat, meat, read, clean, heal, e bread, breakfast, head, ei great, break, steak, ee i: meet, teeth, see, three, green, week, freezing, queen, ei ei eight, weigh, weight, i: receive, ceiling, deceit (n.欺騙, 謊言), deceive(v. 欺騙, 謊言), receipt (收條, 收據(jù), 收到), perceive (v.察覺感知, 感到), conceit (原義;自負, 幻想), er E: her, herd(獸群, 牧群/放牧), emergency (緊急情況, 緊急突發(fā)事件, 非常時刻,), E teacher, sister, brother, farmer, worker, letter, over, ear iE ear, hear, near, year, fear, earwig (偷聽者), ZE pear, wear, swear(宣誓, 發(fā)誓), E: early, earth, earn, ere iE here, sphere (球體), hemisphere (半球), ZE there, ere (prep/conj. 前于.; 在.以前), eir ZE their, eer iE beer, deer, cheer(歡呼/喝彩), sneer(冷笑,譏笑), jeer(譏諷嘲弄), engineer, , ey ei they, grey, hey, ew ju: new, few, hew(砍), view(景色, 風景, 觀點, 見解), ewe (母羊), i- ir E: girl, sir, thirsty, shirt, skirt, first, thirty, whirl(使)旋轉(zhuǎn)), stir (轟動, 激起,攪動), ie i: piece, niece(侄女, 甥女), field, thief, believe, belief, achieve(完成, 達到), chief(首領(lǐng), 領(lǐng)袖, 酋長, 長官/主要的, 首要的, 首席的, 主任的), grief(悲痛, 傷心事, 不幸, 憂傷), relief(痛苦等的)減輕), ire aiE tire(輪胎；使勞累), tired(累的，疲勞的), wire(金屬絲, 電線), igh ai right, light, fight, might(也許, 或許; 可能), night, knight, o- or C: or, for, fork, morning, short, torch, more, E: work, worker, E actor, doctor, forget, oa Eu boat, coat, goat, goal, oo u:school, food, too, room, tooth, spoon, moon, boot, root, wool, mood(心情, 情緒, 語氣, 狀態(tài)), u book, look, cook, good, football, foot Q blood, flood, ou au house, blouse, trousers, mouse, mouth, south, ouch, out, our, hour, flour, sour, mountain, Q young, touch, rough(粗糙的, 粗略的, 大致的, 粗野的), u: you, through, rouge ru:V(擦口紅/胭脂), uwould, could, should, C: cough, ow au brown, down, how, now, towel, tower, Eu yellow, bowl, show, blow, snow, throw oy/oi Ci boy, toy, enjoy, employ, / noise, noisy, toilet, oil, boil, our au our, flour(面粉) C: your, four, course, ore C: before, more, forehead, foresee, oor C:/ JE/ door, floor, moor(荒野;停泊, 系住), u- ur E: turn, Thursday, hurt, fur, urge, further, urban (城市的, 市內(nèi)的), suburb, suburbia (郊區(qū)居民), ure picture, futuretFE, / sureFuE, /pleasure, measureVE, ua JE usual, usually, February, graduate grAdJEt(大學)畢業(yè)生, 研究生), 非組合發(fā)音： graduate grAdjJeit (v. (使)(大學)畢業(yè)), jJEJanuary, uy ai buy, guy, 五、音節(jié)、音節(jié)的結(jié)構(gòu)和類型、音節(jié)劃分、音節(jié)重音和拼讀：1. 音節(jié)就是英文單詞字母(或發(fā)音)的排列單位，一個單位算一節(jié)。連讀起來輕重緩急，流利有節(jié)奏，便于聽說閱讀。2. 音節(jié)的結(jié)構(gòu)、類型：口訣： 完全結(jié)構(gòu)頭中尾(音頭/音中/音尾)，元音字母占中央(包含組合)，缺頭少尾有開閉(音節(jié))，e尾/成音/r音節(jié)。開音節(jié)/閉音節(jié)：以元音或不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的叫開音節(jié)，以輔音結(jié)尾的是閉音節(jié)。開音節(jié)(詞) ：以開音節(jié)結(jié)尾 a, area, tea, by, day, no, boy, buy, grey, ba*by, ru*ler, rub*ber, fa*ther, the, she, we, he, bee, ta*ble, ap*ple, name, bi*cy*cle, banana, orange, some, 閉音節(jié)(詞)：bas*ket, bag, cap, class, miss, cross, rain,