高考英語(yǔ)細(xì)節(jié)理解解題技巧

高考英語(yǔ)閱讀之理解細(xì)節(jié)理解題細(xì)節(jié)理解題在高考中占有較大比例，其主要考查考生對(duì)文章（或某一段落）中某一些特定細(xì)節(jié)或文章的重要事實(shí)的理解能力。所謂細(xì)節(jié)題，是指原文提到了某事物、現(xiàn)象或理論，題干針對(duì)原文具體敘述本身發(fā)問(wèn)。一般包括直接理解題（在原文中可直接找到答案，常用who, what, when, where, why和how等提問(wèn)。）語(yǔ)義轉(zhuǎn)化題（需要將題目信息與原文相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行語(yǔ)義上的轉(zhuǎn)換，兩者存在表達(dá)上的差異，有時(shí)需要進(jìn)行加工或整理后方能得出結(jié)論）、數(shù)字計(jì)算題、排列順序題、圖表圖畫(huà)題等。一：常見(jiàn)的設(shè)問(wèn)方式有：When / Where did the story happen?Which of the following statements is (not) correct?Which of the following statements is (not) mentioned in the passage?Which is the right order of the events given in the passage?All the statements are true except二常見(jiàn)題型1.wh類(lèi)細(xì)節(jié)題；2.數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算題；3.排序題；4.是非題；5.圖標(biāo)題三、設(shè)題方式1語(yǔ)意轉(zhuǎn)換。細(xì)節(jié)理解題設(shè)題時(shí)為了避免出現(xiàn)原文中所用的詞匯，常常使用一些同義詞、近義詞或反義詞(雙重否定)。因而在解題時(shí)要注意語(yǔ)意轉(zhuǎn)換。2設(shè)題順序。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，題序與其相關(guān)信息在文中的順序一致，如某題的答案信息往往會(huì)在下一小題的答案信息之前。3設(shè)題干擾項(xiàng)。(1)正誤并存：部分正確，部分錯(cuò)誤。(2)擴(kuò)大或縮小范圍：是原文信息，但不是題干要求。(3)偷換概念：符合常識(shí)，但不是文章的內(nèi)容。(4)以偏概全：與原句的內(nèi)容極其相似，但在程度、態(tài)度、褒貶色彩上有變動(dòng)。(5)無(wú)中生有：明顯不是文章的信息，與文章事實(shí)不符或相反。四、解題步驟1迅速定位，縮小范圍。通過(guò)尋讀法(scanning)，用題干中的關(guān)鍵詞在文中搜索，迅速確定相關(guān)詞句或信息點(diǎn)所在的位置，縮小閱讀范圍。2理解其意，對(duì)照選項(xiàng)。在找到關(guān)鍵詞句后，要仔細(xì)閱讀，準(zhǔn)確理解，對(duì)照選項(xiàng)，看哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思與之最接近。3排除干擾，選出答案。在作出選擇的過(guò)程中，要善于辨別真?zhèn)?，排除干擾，不斷縮小范圍，選出正確答案。五、典例精析1.wh類(lèi)細(xì)節(jié)題1) Not long ago, my wife, PJ, and I tried a new dietnot to lose a little weight but to answer an annoying question about climate change. Q: Why did the author and his wife try a new diet? A. To take special kinds of food B. To respond to climate change. C. To lose weight D. To improve their health2).Surprisingly, compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes, respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline. Also, the researchers said that higher income was related to a greater risk of disability. Q: How do people of higher income see their future? A. They will earn less money. B. They will become pessimistic.C. They will suffer mental illness. D. They will have less time to enjoy life.3)(2012全國(guó)卷C篇) Last night I was driving from Harrisburg to Lewisburg，distance of about eighty miles. It was late. Several times I got stuck behind a slow-moving truck on a narrow road with a solid white line on my left,and I becoming increasingly impatient.Q: Why did the author get impatient while driving?A.He was lonely on the road. B.He was slowed down by a truck.C. He got tired of driving too long. D. He came across too many traffic lights.4)Software Trainer If you are aged 24-45 and have experience in teaching and training, you could be the person we are looking for. You should be good at the computer and have some experience in programme writing. You will be allowed to make you own decisions, and to design courses as well as present them. Pay upwards of 15,000 pounds for the right person. Please apply by sending you CV(簡(jiǎn)歷) to Mrs. R. Lglivie, Palmlace Limited.Q:What kind of person would probably apply to Palmlace Limited? A. One with GCSE grade C level. B. One with some office experience. C. One having good computer knowledge. D. One trained in producing music programme.5) (2015全國(guó),B) Swimming pools, wine tasting, and pink sunsets (at normal evening hours, not 4 in the afternoon) filled the weekend, but the best part-particularly to my taste, dulled by months of cold-weather root vegetables-was a 7 a.m. adventure to the Sarasota farmers market that proved to be more than worth the early wake-up call.Q: What made the authors getting up early worthwhile?A. Having a swim. B. Breathing in fresh airC. Walking in the morning sun. D. Visiting a local farmers market.2.是非題1)Enlisted（征募）in the army in 1997, Liu was an experienced pilot with 1,680 hours of flying experience and the deputy head of a flight unit of the PLAs Air Force before being enlisted into Chinas second group of prospective astronauts in May 2010. She is now an air force major.Q: Which of the following is TRUE about Liu Yang from the passage?A.Liu once was head of a flight unit of the PLAs Air Force.B.Liu has become an air force major in 1997.C.She was enlisted into Chinas second group of prospective astronauts in 2010.D.After three years of training Liu was selected as a candidate.2) Food sometimes gets poisoned with harmful things. A person who eats such food can get an illness called food poisoning. Food poisoning is usually not serious, but some types are deadly. The symptoms of food poisoning usually begin within hours of eating the poisoned food.Feveris one of the most common symptoms.Q: Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Food when poisoned can make people sick. B. Food poisoning means death.C. Food poisoning comes in varieties. D. Food poisoning can be serious.3)The new technology has produced various options for students. College Booksellers, which operates 636 campus bookstores nationwide, is now marketing its new software application, which allows students to read e-textbooks on PCs. The company introduced the free application last summer in the hope of attracting more students to buy its electronic textbooks. “Now the biggest barrier is getting them to try it.” said the companys vice president.Q: Which of the following is NOT true according to this paragraph? A. College Booksellers operates more than 600 bookstores in campus. B. The free application was introduced to increase sales of elctronic textbooks. C. Campus students now fancy a try of the free software application. D. The companys management still has to do more to sell the e-textbooks.4)In a world with limited land，water and other natural resources (資源), the harm from the traditional business model is on the rise.Actually，the past decade has seen more and more forests disappearing and the globe becoming increasingly warm. People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed, and that we must be able to develop in sustainable (可持續(xù)的) ways.That means growth with low carbon or development of sustainable products.In other words，we should keep the earth healthy while using its supply of natural resources.The traditional business model is harmful because of all the following EXCEPT that _Ait makes the world warmer Bit consumes natural resourcesCit brings severe damage to forests Dit makes growth hard to continue3.數(shù)字計(jì)算題1)Tuition Fees(學(xué)費(fèi))Tuition fees are different from department to department，generally from $5，000 to $6，000 a year.For further information：tuiwaikato.ac.nz.Accommodation(住宿)You can have a room in a 4bedroom flat，which will cost about $100 a month with other regular living costs of about $150 a month for one person.For further information：accwaikato.ac.nz.You have to pay at least _a year if you study at the University of Waikato.A$5，250 B$8，000C$9，000 D$11，0002)（2010四川高考）The three shipsthe MV Prantalay 11，12，and 14had 77 members on board in total. All of them are Thai, the spokesman said. Before the Sunday robbing，pirates held 11 ships and 228 sailors. Q： How many sailors were held by the pirates up to the time of the report? A. 228. B. 77. C. 383. D. 305. 3)The human body is a living machine, and like all machines, it needs fuel to supply it with energy. That is the food we eat. But how much do we need to stay healthy? The energy value of food is usually measured in calories. A calorie is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1. The number of calories people need per day is different, as the chart shows CALORIESNEEDEDPERDAYBaby750Officeworker2,700Childaged82,100Womanfeedingbaby2,700Manover702,100Boyaged163,000Woman3,600Farmer2,600Q1) _ calories are required to raise the temperature of 5kg of water from 35to 90. A. 55 B. 175 C. 325 D. 2754)Finally, a cell phoneThats . a phoneWith rates as low as $3.75 per week!“Well, I finally did it. I finally decided to enter the digital age and get a cell phone. My kids have been annoying me and the last straw was when my car broke down，and I was stuck by the highway for an hour before someone stopped to help. But when I went to the cell phone store, I almost changed my mind. The phones all have cameras, computers and a global-positioning something or other thats supposed to spot me from space. Goodness, all I want to do is to be able to talk to my grandkids! The people at the store werent much help. They couldnt understand why someone wouldnt want a phone the size of a postage stamp. And the rate plans! They were confusing, and expensive . and the contract (合同）lasted for two years! Id almost given up until a friend told me about her new Jitterbug phone. Now, I have the convenience and safety of being about to stay in touch - with a phone I can actually use. ”MonthlyMinutes50100MonthlyRate$14.99$19.99911AccessFREEFREELongDistanceCallsNoadditionalchargeNoFriendlyReturnPolicy30days30daysFriendly Return Policy30 days30 daysCall now and receive a FREE gift when you order. Try Jitterbug for 30 days and if you dont love it, just return it! Why wait, the Jitterbug comes ready to use right out of the box. If you arent as happy with it as I am, you can return it and get your money back. Call now, the Jitterbug product experts are ready to answer your questions. Call 1-888-809-8794 or visit www. .64.On the monthly basis of 100 minutes, the Jitterbug weekly rate is about _.A. $3.75 B. $4.99C. $14. 99 D. $19.994.排列順序題1)People can use a home computer to make their shopping lists.Once at the store，a shopper can use a preferred customer card to start a system(系統(tǒng))that will organize the trip around the store.If youre looking for toothpicks，you type in the word or pick it from a list，and a map will appear on the screen showing where you are and where you can find them.The devices also keeps a record of what you buy.When youve finished，the device figures out your bill.Then you go to the checker or place your card into a selfcheckout stand and pay.Which of the following is the correct order of shopping with the computerized shopping card?aStart the system.bMake a shopping list.cFind the things you want.dGo to a selfcheckout stand.A abdc Bbacd Cacbd DBcad2）Back in the fifteenth century, in a tiny village near Nuremberg, lived a family with eighteen childrenIn spite of the hopeless condition, two of the children, Albrecht Durer and Albert, had a dreamThey both wanted to pursue their talent for artAfter many long discussions, the two boys finally worked out an agreementThey would toss a coinThe loser would go down into the nearby mines and, with his earnings, support his brother who attended the academyThen, when that brother who won the toss completed his studies, in four years, he would support the other brother at the academy Tossing a coin, Albrecht Durer won and went off to NurembergAlbert went down into the dangerous mines and, for the next four years, supported his brother, whose work at the academy was almost an immediate sensation（轟動(dòng)）By the time he graduated, he had earned considerable fees for his outstanding works When the young artist returned to his village, the Durer family held a festive dinner to celebrate lbrechts triumphant（勝利的）homecomingAlbrecht drank a toast to his beloved brother for the years of sacrifice that had enabled him to complete his dream“And now, Albert, blessed brother of mine, now it is your turnNow you can go to Nuremberg to look for your dream, and I will take care of you” To show thanks to Albert for all that he had sacrificed, Albrecht Durer painstakingly drew his brothers injured hands with palms together and thin fingers stretched skywardHe called his powerful drawing simply “Hands”, but the entire world almost immediately opened their hearts to his great masterpiece and renamed it “The Praying Hands” Q1 Which of the following is the correct order of the story？ aAlbrecht went to Nuremberg bAlbert supported his brother cThe Durer family held a festive dinner dAlbrecht drew his brothers injured hands eThe brothers tossed a coinAb, a, c, d, e Ba, e, c, d, b Ce, a, c, b, d De, a, b, c, d5.圖表圖畫(huà)題