[學案]新課標必修1-2語法總復習.ppt

幫你復習,語法,直接英語和間接英語句型轉換,一、句型的變化（一）如果直接引語是陳述句，間接引語一般是用that來引導?？谡Z中that?？梢允÷??！癐liketolistentorockmusic,”saidPeter.Petersaidthathelikedtolistentorockmusic.【溫馨提示】如果直接引語中出現(xiàn)兩個或兩個以上的陳述句并列時，第一個that可以省略，后面一個不能省略，以免引起歧義。如：Theteachersaid,“Thetextisveryimportant.Youshouldlearnitbyheart.”Theteachersaid(that)thetextisimportantandthatweshouldlearnitbyheart.,(二)如果直接引語是一般疑問句或選擇疑問句時，間接引語常變?yōu)橛蓋hether/if引導，而且要用陳述句語序。如：1)Theboyaskedhismother,“CanIgotoplayfootballwithmyfriendsonSaturday?”Theboyaskedhismotherwhether/ifhecouldgotoplayfootballwithhisfriendsonSaturday.2)“Willyougotothemuseumthisweekendornextweekend?”LiHuaaskedme.LiHuaaskedmewhether/ifIwouldgotothemuseumthisweekendorthenextweekend.,(三)如果直接引語是特殊問句，間接引語用特殊疑問詞引導，而且用陳述句語序。如：“Howmuchtimedoyouspendonthehomework?”heaskedme.HeaskedmehowmuchtimeIspentonthehomework.,（四）如果間接引語是表示請求、提議、建議、勸告等意義的問句，要借助其他句型結構來表達。如：1)“Wouldyoubuymesomestampswhileyouareintheoffice?”Hesaidtome.HeaskedmetobuyhimsomestampswhileIamintheoffice.2)“Whydontyoucomeandplayfootballwithme?”Heasked.Headvisedmetoplayfootballwithhim.【溫馨提示】表示請求、勸告時，通常用“ask/advise/want等+賓語+動詞不定式”結構。,(五)如果直接引語是祈使句，間接引語要用不定式的復合結構改，即改為：tell(ask,order,warn,advise等)sb.(not)todosth.如：1)Thepolicemansaidtothechildren,“Dontplayfootballinthestreet.”Thepolicemantoldthechildrennottoplayfootballinthestreet.2)“Listentomecarefully,please.”theteachersaidtous.Theteachertoldustolistentohimcarefully.【溫馨提示】如果祈使句中出現(xiàn)了please,在間接引語中必須省略。,(六)如果直接引語是感嘆句，變間接引語時，用what,how或that來引述。如：“Whatabeautifulhouseitis!”hesaidtome.Hetoldmewhatabeautifulhouseitwas.Hetoldmethatitwasabeautifulhouse.,二、時態(tài)的變化（一）如果主句的時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時或將來時，則間接引語中的時態(tài)不變。如；Hesays,“Imtootired.”Hesays(that)heistootired.,（二）如果主句的時態(tài)是一般過去時，則間接引語中的時態(tài)相應地變?yōu)榕c過去相關的時態(tài)。具體變化如下：一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時現(xiàn)在進行時過去進行時現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時一般過去時過去完成時過去完成時過去完成時一般將來時過去將來時,1)Theoldmansaid,“GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina.”TheoldmansaidthatgreatchangeshadtakenplaceinChina.2)“WangLiniswaitingforyououtsideoftheschoolgate.”LiFangsaidtome.LiFangtoldmethatWangLinwaswaitingformeoutsideoftheschoolgate,【溫馨提示1】當轉述的是客觀事實、科學真理、格言或諺語；重復出現(xiàn)或現(xiàn)在習慣性的動作時，間接引語的時態(tài)不變化。如：1)Hesaid,“Theearthtravelsaroundthesun.”Hesaidthattheearthtravelsaroundthesun.2)“Failureisthemotherofsuccess.”Theteachersaidtous.Theteachertoldusthatfailureisthemotherofsuccess.,【溫馨提示2】當直接引語中的謂語動詞含有情態(tài)動詞must,need,oughtto,hadbetter等，變間接引語時，間接引語中謂語動詞的形式不變。如：1)Hesaid,“Youhadbetteraskforhelpwhenyouareintrouble.”HesaidthatIhadbetteraskforhelpwhenIwasintrouble.,三、人稱代詞的變化直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，間接引語中作主語的人稱代詞或其他物主代詞要作相應的變化。一般情況下要遵循以下幾條原則：（一）直接引語的主語是第一人稱，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，要和主句的主語保持一致。如：“CanIuseyourbikeforamoment?”theboysaidtome.Theboyaskedmewhetherhecouldusemybikeformoment.,(二)直接引語的主語是第二人稱，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，要和主句的賓語保持一致。如：TheteacheraskedJoan,“Whyareyoulateagain?”TheteacheraskedJoanwhyshewaslateagain.,（三）直接引語的主語是第三人稱，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，間接引語中的主語人稱不變。如：Heaskedme,“HowlonghasTeddystayedinChina?”HeaskedmehowlonghasTeddystayedinChina.,四、主句謂語動詞的變化(一)直接引語是陳述句，謂語動詞是say(said)的不變，是saidtosb.常變?yōu)閠oldsb.如：Hesaidtohisfriend,“Iamgladtoseeyou.”Hetoldhisfriendthathewasgladtoseehim.,(二)直接引語是特殊疑問句、一般疑問句或選擇疑問句，said變?yōu)閍sked;saidtosb.變?yōu)閍skedsb.如：“Howcanyoudothat?”MarysaidtoBetty.MaryaskedBettyhowshecoulddothat.,(三)直接引語是祈使句，變間接引語時，謂語動詞可根據(jù)語氣強弱選則beg,advise,ask,tell,order,warn等。如果祈使句是否定句，還需在不定式符號to前加not.如：Isaidtoher,“Pleasepassmeaglassofwater.”Iaskedhertopassmeaglassofwater.Shesaid,“Dontsmokeinthepublicplace.”Shetoldmenottosmokeinthepublicplace.,(四)直接引語是感嘆句，變間接引語時，引述動詞常用tell,exclaim或say等。如：“Howwellhelooks!”hesaid.Heexclaimedhowwellhelooked.Hesaidthathelookedwell.,五、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語和方向性動詞的變化（一）指示代詞的變化thisthatthesethose但有時如果所說的東西就在眼前，也可不變。如：Hesaid,“Ilikethisbook.”Hesaidthathelikedthisbook.(書在眼前),二）時間狀語的變化todaythatdaythismorning/afternoon,etc.thatmorning/afternoon,etc.yesterdaythedaybeforetomorrowthefollowing/nextdaythedayaftertomorrowtwodayslaternextweek/month,etc.thenextweek/month,etc.lastweek/monththeweek/monthbeforenowthen,如果引述的時間和說話時間相同（如就在同年、同月、同日），時間狀語也可不變。如：MrBlacksaid,“IvisitedtheGreatWalllastyear.”MrBlacksaidthathehadvisitedtheGreatWalltheyearbefore.MrBlacksaidthathehadvisitedtheGreatWalllastyear.,(三)地點和方向性動詞的變化heretherecomego如果說話人所在地和引述地點相同，here，come也可不變。如：Hesaid,“Iwillcomeherethisevening.”Hesaidthathewouldcomeherethisevening.(同時同地引述)Hesaidthathewouldgotherethatevening.,鞏固練習：將下列句子變?yōu)殚g接引語或直接引語1.Hesaidtome,“Iwrotealettertomyparentslastweek.”He_methat_aletterto_parents_.2.“Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest,”mothersaidtoherdaughter.Mother_herdaughterthatthesun_uptheeastand_inthewest.,toldhehadwritten,histheweekbefore,told,rises,sets,3.“Dontbelateagain,Jim,”saidtheteacher.Theteacher_belateagain.4.“HaveyouseenthefilmHarryPotter?”heasked.Heaskedme_thefilmHarryPotter.5.MrWangaskedthestudentshowtheycouldimprovetheirspokenEnglish.“_improve_spokenEnglish?”MrWangsaidtothestudents.,toldJimnotto,ifIhadseen,Howcanyouyour,GrammarII定語從句,1.定語從句的分類2.定語從句的引導詞3.關系詞的實質(zhì)和先行詞之間的關系4.關系代詞和關系副詞的用法及其容易混用的情況5.介詞加關系代詞的情況6.as引導的兩種定語從句,3.先行詞和關系詞的關系,Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledTom.Theboywhoseparentsaredeadwasbroughtupbyhisgrandfather.TheschoolwhereIstudyisfarfrommyhome.,that=themachine,who=theboy,whose=theboys,where=intheschool,關系代詞實際上是先行詞的復指,關系詞whose實際上是先行詞的所有格,關系副詞實際上是介詞先行詞,4.關系代詞和關系副詞的用法及其容易混用的情況,Fillintheblanks,usingrelativepron.orrelativeadv.1.Thisisthefactory_Ionceworked.2.Thisisthefactory_Ivevisited.3.Theday_IalwaysrememberisOct.1.4.Theday_NanjingwasliberatedisSep.11.5.Thereason_hehasntcomeisthathehasbeenill.6.Dontbelievethereason_hegiveyou.,where,that/which,that/which,when,why,that,AttributiveClause,NOTES:1.當表示時間,地點,原因的名詞,day,time,place,factory,reason等作先行詞，在定語從句中作狀語時，用when,where,why；在從句中作主語或賓語時，就用that或which.,5.介詞加關系代詞的情況,Whenweusearelativepronounwithapreposition,wehavetwochoices.Placingtheprepositionbeforetherelativepronounismoreformal.eg.Thewomanwho/whomSpielbergismarriedtoisanactress.ThewomantowhomSpielbergismarriedisanactress.ThepaintingatwhichIlookedwaspaintedbyVincentvanGogh.Thegirlwithwhomyoutalkedisacollegestudent.,AttributiveClause,Prep.+which/whom1).介詞與定語從句的先行詞是一種習慣性的搭配.Thefarm_Ionceworkedhastakenonanewlook.2).介詞與從句中的動詞是一種習慣性的搭配Whoistheman_ourteacherisshakinghands?3).介詞與從句中的形容詞一起構成一種習慣性的搭配Oursisabeautifulcountry,_wearegreatlyproud.,onwhich,withwhom,ofwhich,AttributiveClause,4).表示“所有格”或“整體中的部分”時，用介詞ofThereareoveronethousandworkersinthefactory,80percent_arewomen.,ofwhom,C:Fillintheblanks,usingrelativepronoun,relativeadv.orprepositionwithwhich/whom.Inthedarkstreet,therewasntasingleperson_shecouldturnforhelp.2.Whenyoureadthebook,youdbettermakeamark_youhaveanyquestions.3.Barcelonaisthecity_the25thSummerOlympicwereheld.,towhom,where,where,1.Doyoulikethebookshespent$10?2.Doyoulikethebook_shepaid$10?3.Doyoulikethebookshelearnedalot?4.Doyoulikethebooksheoftentalks?5.Hebuiltatelescopehecouldstudytheskies.,onwhich,forwhich,fromwhich,aboutwhich,throughwhich,介詞+關系代詞練習,6.Thereisatalltreeoutside,_standsourteacher.7.Chinahasalotofrivers,thesecondlongest_istheYellowRiver.8.Thetower_peoplecanhaveagoodviewisonthehill.9.Theman_Ispokeonthephonelastnightisverygoodatwrestling.10.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,most_hadntbeencleanedforatleastayear.,fromwhich,towhom,ofwhich,ofwhich,underwhich,as引導的非限制性定語從句,Theearthisround._isknowntoall.Theearthisround,_isknowntoall._isknowntoall,theearthisround_isknowntoallthattheearthisround.,It,which/as,As,It,as具有正如之意，與之搭配的動詞一般是固定的，如：asyouknow/asyousee/asweplanned/asweexpected,定語從句在句首時只能用as.,ThisisthesamepenasIlost.ThisisthesamepenthatIlost.,Pleasecompare:,這本書和我丟的那本一模一樣。,這本書就是我丟的那本。,Thisissuchaninterestingbook_wealllike.Thisissointerestingabook_wealllike.Thisissuchaninterestingbook_wealllikeit.Thisissointerestingabook_wealllikeit.,as,that,Pleasecompletethefollowingsentencesandcompare:,as,that,這是大家都喜歡的如此有趣的一本書。(定語從句),這本書如此有趣，大家都喜歡。(結果狀語從句),1.定語從句的分類2.定語從句的引導詞3.關系詞的實質(zhì)和先行詞之間的關系4.關系代詞和關系副詞的用法及其容易混用的情況5.介詞加關系代詞的情況6.as引導的兩種定語從句,3.先行詞和關系詞的關系,Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledTom.Theboywhoseparentsaredeadwasbroughtupbyhisgrandfather.TheschoolwhereIstudyisfarfrommyhome.,that=themachine,who=theboy,whose=theboys,where=intheschool,關系代詞實際上是先行詞的復指,關系詞whose實際上是先行詞的所有格,關系副詞實際上是介詞先行詞,4.關系代詞和關系副詞的用法及其容易混用的情況,Fillintheblanks,usingrelativepron.orrelativeadv.1.Thisisthefactory_Ionceworked.2.Thisisthefactory_Ivevisited.3.Theday_IalwaysrememberisOct.1.4.Theday_NanjingwasliberatedisSep.11.5.Thereason_hehasntcomeisthathehasbeenill.6.Dontbelievethereason_hegiveyou.,where,that/which,that/which,when,why,that,AttributiveClause,NOTES:1.當表示時間,地點,原因的名詞,day,time,place,factory,reason等作先行詞，在定語從句中作狀語時，用when,where,why；在從句中作主語或賓語時，就用that或which.,5.介詞加關系代詞的情況,Whenweusearelativepronounwithapreposition,wehavetwochoices.Placingtheprepositionbeforetherelativepronounismoreformal.eg.Thewomanwho/whomSpielbergismarriedtoisanactress.ThewomantowhomSpielbergismarriedisanactress.ThepaintingatwhichIlookedwaspaintedbyVincentvanGogh.Thegirlwithwhomyoutalkedisacollegestudent.,AttributiveClause,Prep.+which/whom1).介詞與定語從句的先行詞是一種習慣性的搭配.Thefarm_Ionceworkedhastakenonanewlook.2).介詞與從句中的動詞是一種習慣性的搭配Whoistheman_ourteacherisshakinghands?3).介詞與從句中的形容詞一起構成一種習慣性的搭配Oursisabeautifulcountry,_wearegreatlyproud.,onwhich,withwhom,ofwhich,AttributiveClause,4).表示“所有格”或“整體中的部分”時，用介詞ofThereareoveronethousandworkersinthefactory,80percent_arewomen.,ofwhom,C:Fillintheblanks,usingrelativepronoun,relativeadv.orprepositionwithwhich/whom.Inthedarkstreet,therewasntasingleperson_shecouldturnforhelp.2.Whenyoureadthebook,youdbettermakeamark_youhaveanyquestions.3.Barcelonaisthecity_the25thSummerOlympicwereheld.,towhom,where,where,1.Doyoulikethebookshespent$10?2.Doyoulikethebook_shepaid$10?3.Doyoulikethebookshelearnedalot?4.Doyoulikethebooksheoftentalks?5.Hebuiltatelescopehecouldstudytheskies.,onwhich,forwhich,fromwhich,aboutwhich,throughwhich,介詞+關系代詞練習,6.Thereisatalltreeoutside,_standsourteacher.7.Chinahasalotofrivers,thesecondlongest_istheYellowRiver.8.Thetower_peoplecanhaveagoodviewisonthehill.9.Theman_Ispokeonthephonelastnightisverygoodatwrestling.10.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,most_hadntbeencleanedforatleastayear.,fromwhich,towhom,ofwhich,ofwhich,underwhich,as引導的非限制性定語從句,Theearthisround._isknowntoall.Theearthisround,_isknowntoall._isknowntoall,theearthisround_isknowntoallthattheearthisround.,It,which/as,As,It,as具有正如之意，與之搭配的動詞一般是固定的，如：asyouknow/asyousee/asweplanned/asweexpected,定語從句在句首時只能用as.,ThisisthesamepenasIlost.ThisisthesamepenthatIlost.,Pleasecompare:,這本書和我丟的那本一模一樣。,這本書就是我丟的那本。,Thisissuchaninterestingbook_wealllike.Thisissointerestingabook_wealllike.Thisissuchaninterestingbook_wealllikeit.Thisissointerestingabook_wealllikeit.,as,that,Pleasecompletethefollowingsentencesandcompare:,as,that,這是大家都喜歡的如此有趣的一本書。(定語從句),這本書如此有趣，大家都喜歡。(結果狀語從句),GrammarIII被動語態(tài),3.一般將來時的被動語態(tài),2.現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài),1.一般過去時的被動語態(tài),was/weredone,has/havebeendone,will/begoingto+bedone,4.進行時的被動語態(tài),be+beingdone,Choosetherightanswers:1.Thenewfactory_inourcitylastyear.builtB.hasbuiltC.isbuildingD.wasbuilt2.Thiskindofmachine_cuttingpaper.A.usesforB.isusingforC.isusestoD.isusedfor3.Weknowthatthiskindofbike_inShenzhen.ismadeB.makesC.ismaking4.Thisdressis_silk.makeofB.madeofC.madein,5.Beijingwill_beautifulflowerswhenNationalDaycomes.A.coverB.coverwithC.becoveredD.becoveredwith6.Theriversmellsterrible.Peoplemust_dirtythingsintoit.A.bestoppedtothrowB.bestoppedfromthrowingC.stoptothrowD.stopfromthrowing7.Thiswork_nextMonday.A.mayfinishB.finishC.finishesD.maybefinished8.Thekey_forlockingtheclassroomdoor.A.usesB.isusedC.isusingD.use,MultipleChoice:,1.()Ifthework_,youcangoandplaygames.A.finishedB.hasfinishedC.willbefinishedD.isfinished,2.()Itwasrainingheavilyoutside,thechildrenweremade_intheclassroom.,4.()Tomakeourcitymorebeautiful,rubbish_intotheriver.A.needntbethrownB.mustn