關于移動支付過去-現(xiàn)狀-未來的文獻綜述外文翻譯

畢業(yè)論文（設計）外文翻譯一、外文原文標題：Past，present and future of mobile payments research: A literature review原文：The mobile payment services markets are currently under transition with a history of numerous tried and failed solutions, and a futu of promising but yet uncertain possibilities with potential new technology innovations. At this point of the development, we take a look at the current state of the mobile payment services market from a literature review perspective. We review prior literature on mob payments, analyze the various factors that impact mobile payment services markets, and suggest directions for future research in the still emerging eld. To facilitate the analysis of literature, we propose a framework of four contingency and ve competitive force factor and organize the mobile payment research under the proposed framework. Consumer perspective of mobile payments as well as technic security and trust are best covered by contemporary research. The impacts of social and cultural factors on mobile payments, as well comparisons between mobile and traditional payment services are entirely uninvestigated issues. Most of the factors outlined by framework have been addressed by exploratory and early phase studies. Mobile phones have transformed telephony profoundly. They are equipped with functionalities which surpass telephony needs, and which inspire the development of value-added mobile services, the use of mobile phones as access devices, and mobile commerce in general. The number of mobile phones in use far exceeds any other technical devices that could be used to market, sell, produce, or deliver products and services to consumers. These developments open lucrative opportunities to merchants and service providers. Purchased products and services have to be paid for. Initially, xed-line telephony billing systems were modied to charge mobile telephony. Later, mobile telephony billing systems were introduced, and used also to charge various mobile services when such services emerged. Yet, payments based on billing systems have several limitations. These include comparatively high payment transaction fees, merchant and service provider complaints about unfair revenue sharing, and the necessity to provision services to billing systems 66,80. In some areas, such as the European Union, credited payment services to third parties require a (limited) credit institution license. The lack of suitable pay-ment instruments has for a long time been regarded as a factor that hampers the development of mobile commerce. Mobile payments are payments for goods, services, and bills with a mobile device (such as a mobile phone, smart-phone, or personal digital assistant (PDA) by taking advantage of wireless and other communication technologies. Mobile devices can be used in a variety of payment scenarios, such as payment for digital content (e.g., ring tones, logos, news, music, or games), tickets, parking fees and transport fares, or to access electronic payment services to pay bills and invoices. Payments for physical goods are also possible, both at vending and ticketing machines, and at manned point-of-sale (POS) terminals. A mobile payment is carried out with a mobile payment instrument such a mobile credit card or a mobile wallet. In addition to pure mobile payment instruments, most electronic and many physical payment instruments have been mobilized. Furthermore, mobile payments, as all other payments, fall broadly into two categories: payments for daily purchases, and payments of bills (credited payments). For purchases, mobile payments complement or compete with cash, cheques, credit cards, and debit cards. For bills, mobile payments typically provide access to account-based payment instruments such as money transfers, Internet banking payments, direct debit assignments, or electronic invoice acceptance.In the early 2000s, mobile payment services became a hot topic and remained so even after the burst of the Internet hype. Hundreds of mobile payment services, including access to electronic payments and Internet banking, were introduced all over the world. Strikingly many of these orts failed. For example, most, if not all, of the dozens of mobile payment services available in EU countries and listed in the ePSO database in 2002 5 have been discontinued. To facilitate the development of better mobile payment services, it is important to understand the lessons of his history by learning what previous studies have discovered about mobile payments and about the mobile payment services markets, as well as what issues have remained unanswered. The aim of this paper is to summarize ndings from past mobile payments research, and to suggest promising directions for future research. There are a number of factors that highlight the signicance and usefulness of such a literature review. Firstly, the eld has seen a growing number of publications, yet a thorough review of existing work is missing. The lack of published literature reviews impedes the progress in the eld; review articles are critical to strengthening an area as a eld of study 88. Secondly, research so far seems fragmented, and lacks a roadmap or an agenda. Reviewing existing literature not only leads to a better understanding of the state of the research in the eld, but it also discerns patterns in the development of the eld itself. Finally, a synthesis of existing ndings allows researchers not to repeat similar work, and discover important gaps. In other words, it closes areas where a plethora of research already exists, and at the same time uncovers those areas where research is lacking 88. Another contribution of this literature review is the proposed theoretical framework, around which the review is organized. Webster and Watson 88 recommend that the best reviews need to be conceptually structured, and based on a guiding theory. Our framework provides a guiding structure that allows us to eectively accumulate knowl edge, and to interpret previous ndings. Because the frame work itself aims to explain relevant factors in the mobile payment services market, basing the literature review on the framework ensures that the review is comprehensive and holistic, and reveals research gaps that could otherwise be overlooked. The framework not only helps to explain the existing body of knowledge on each factor of the frame work, but, more importantly, it also provides an overview of the mobile payment services market, illustrating how the various perspectives and research ndings t together as part of the big picture.The framework used for the review of literature applies two guiding theories. They are the ve forces model developed by Porter 68, and the generic contingency theory which emerged from the work of Lawrence and Lorch Perrow and Thompson 81. The framework is used to classify past research, to analyze research ndings of classied studies, and to propose meaningful research questions for future research for each factor. The prime actors in the mobile payment services market are mobile payment service providers and their customers. Various parties assuming these roles in the market include consumers, merchants, nancial institutions and telecom operators. Additional parties, typically vendors of hand sets, software, networks and other technologies may also be involved. The power and the interests of these parties impact how technologies and other resources are orches trated into mobile payment services, and how these services are ored to and used by the market. Moreover, mobile payment services compete for the attention of customers and other parties against physical and electronic payment services. Mobile payment services are a natural choice to pay for mobile services. Yet, to succeed, mobile payment services may have to oer added value and be available for other relevant payment environments as well. Porters 68 competitive factors strategy model, or the ve forces model, describes both the key role of a mobile payment service provider, and other market factors. The model applies insights from industrial organization theory to analyze the competitive environment on the level of business units 3, and relates the average protability of the participants in an industry to competitive forces 30. The basic proposition is that organizational performance mainly depends on the industry structure. According to Pearce and Robinson 65 and Johnson 29, the strengths of Porters model are that it provides one simple approach to analyze industry structure, identify and determine the attractiveness of an industry, reveal insights on protability, inform important decisions about whether to leave or enter industries or sectors, and develop strategic optionsto improve relative performance in the industry or inuence relative position in the industry. As one of the most inuential management tools for strategic industry analysis 3, the model has been applied by numerous practitioners and academics 30. The above arguments suggest that the model is well suited to guide the classication of literature on the mobile payments services markets. In addition to the competitive forces within the mobile payments services markets, other factors are believed to impact these markets as well, for example, technology and standards, regulatory activities and legislation, estab lished purchase and payment habits, or national economy infrastructures. If we regard a mobile payment services market as the unit of analysis (organization), these other factors become contingency factors, which inuence the performance of the unit but are beyond the inuence and control of that unit, as dened in the contingency theory. Contingency theory therefore is also well suited to classify mobile payments research and to capture the environmental factors which are characteristic to the mobile payment services markets .The roots of contingency theory are typically seen in open systems theory and in CyertSimonMarch stream of theory (e.g., 23,89). Contingency theory emphasizes the importance of environmental inuences, especially technology, on the management of organizations, and suggests that there is no single best way to manage or organize. The identication of contingency factors is one typical research theme. In addition to technology, other typical contingency factors include cultural, social and economic factors. In the context of mobile payment services markets, it is natural to include regulation, jurisdiction and standardization factors too because nancial services and telecommunication are among the most regulated industries, and the use of standards is characteristic to telecommunication. Two features of contingency theory make it useful for our purposes. Contingency theory is described as a mid range theory which falls between two extreme views 21,89. According to one extreme view, it is possible to nd universally true theories, whereas the other one claims that each unit of analysis is unique and has to be analyzed based on situational factors. Contingency theory postulates that environmental factors are important but also that the impacts of environmental factors are systematic, rather than entirely situational. The contingency approach is useful for the classication of mobile payment research, since, for example, mobile payment services dier between markets, such as Japan, various European countries, or the USA, but they do so in systematic ways, for instance due to dierences in payment technology infrastructure, regulation, laws, or habits. The other useful feature of contingency theory is the environment strategy performance link 21. The theory claims that the environment, such as the amount and type of regulation, impacts the structure of the organization, by, for example, inuencing which entities have incentives to become mobile payment service providers. This, in turn, impacts performance, such as adoption interests of merchants and consumers. Another example is that enhanced technology makes it possible to provide enhanced services, which in turn increases interest toward the services. The resulting framework is presented in Fig. 1. The framework is multi-faceted since it includes both market factors and contingency factors. The inner facet of the framework, that is competitive factors, describes the ve main competitive forces of the mobile payment services markets. The outer facet of the framework includes contin gency factors, that is, technological, social/cultural, commercial, and legal/regulatory/standardization. In addition to the theoretical basis described above, the framework has also been inuenced by research models proposed in earlier studies 10,28,27. Jayewardene and Foley 28 proposed that changes in technological, cultural, commercial and legal factors, together with the competitive forces of nancial services market, drive nancial services development. Javalgi and Ramsey 27 suggested that information technology and telecommunication, social/cultural commercial, and government/legal factors impact the diusion of global eCommerce. Dahlberg and Mallat 10 combined these two models to describe factors which characterize mobile payment services markets and impact the diusion of these services. We stress that the framework can be used as a metamodel to classify the existing literature, and as a research model to examine the die rent factors that inuence the mobile payments services market. The framework is useful for these purposes because: (1) it is based on guiding theories, is conceptually sound, and draws from previous research; (2) it helps to bring clarity to the multiple topics and to the vague, conicting terminology present in professional and academic mobile payment literature; and (3) it shows clearly what factors impact the mobile payments services market and services development, another issue in need of clarity.出處：Tomi Dahlberg .Electronic Commerce Research and Applications 7 (2008) 165181二、翻譯文章標題：關于移動支付過去，現(xiàn)狀，未來的文獻綜述譯文：手機已經(jīng)深刻地改變了電話史，他們具備的了普通電話所不具備的很多功能，比如說激勵增值移動服務發(fā)展，作為接入設備使用的移動電話，以及通用移動商務的使用。目前移動電話的使用數(shù)量遠遠超過任何可能被用于市場，銷售，生產(chǎn)或提供產(chǎn)品和服務給消費者的其他技術設備。這一切發(fā)展給商家和服務提供商提供了豐厚的獲利機會。購買產(chǎn)品和服務都必須支付。最初，固定電話計費系統(tǒng)被運用于移動電話的計費系統(tǒng)。接著，移動電話計費系統(tǒng)被引進，并被運用于各種各樣的移動收費服務。但是，這種計費系統(tǒng)有很多的局限性。比如說，相對較高的支付交易費，商家和服務供應商對不公平的利益分配的抱怨，以及對給這種計費系統(tǒng)所提供的必要的服務。在一些地區(qū)，如歐盟，對于提供給第三方的信貸支付需要一個（有限的）信貸機構許可證。長時間以來，一個合理的支付工具的缺乏都被認為是移動商業(yè)發(fā)展路上的絆腳石。移動支付就是通過無線通信以及其他通訊工具的優(yōu)勢來實現(xiàn)和移動設備有關的貨物，服務，賬務等商業(yè)活動的進行，（比如移動手機，智能手機，個人數(shù)字助理，）移動服務可以背廣泛的運動于各種各樣的支付領域，比如：數(shù)字內(nèi)容付款（如鈴聲，標語， 新聞，音樂，或游戲），門票，停車費和交通費，或者對工資單及發(fā)票的電子支付服務。對于實物來說，移動支付也同樣適用，無論是自動販賣機，自動售票機還是有人銷售的銷售點終端。手機支付伴隨著一系列的移動支付工具出現(xiàn)，比如信用卡或者電子錢包。除了純粹的移動支付以外，大多數(shù)的電子支付，以及實物支付都被調(diào)動起來。此外，像其他支付手段一樣移動支付大體上被分為兩大類：對日常用品的支付以及對賬單的支付（信用支付），從購物這方面來看，移動支付時對現(xiàn)金，支票，信用卡，借記卡等來說是一種補充或者是競爭。對于賬單來說，移動支付通?？梢蕴峁┗谫~款支付的服務，如：匯款，網(wǎng)銀支付，直接付款作業(yè)，或者電子發(fā)票驗收。 早在2000年，移動支付服務成為一個熱門話題，并且將一個永恒的話題，即使在網(wǎng)絡廣告破滅的情況下。成百上千的移動支付服務，包括電子支付和網(wǎng)上銀行，都被廣泛地推向世界各地。但是，令人震驚的是很多的努力都付諸東流。比如：大多數(shù)的2002年在歐盟可以運用以及ePSO數(shù)據(jù)庫中列出手機支付服務現(xiàn)在都已經(jīng)被停止使用了為了促進移動手機支付業(yè)務的發(fā)展，了解它的發(fā)展歷史非常重要，必須了解關于手機支付和手機支付服務市場的文獻史料，了解哪些問題依然有待解決。本論文的目的在于通過對過去關于移動支付調(diào)查的研究為今后發(fā)展研究方向指明方向。 在歷史文獻中具有很多有著突出重要性和有用性的的材料。首先，這一領域已經(jīng)見證了愈來越多的出版物的涌現(xiàn)，但是在發(fā)展的過程中有很多文獻都遺失了。這種遺失阻礙了這一領域的發(fā)展，回顧相關資料對于提高這一方面的只是儲備有著至關重要的意義。其次，目前為止，相關方面的研究似乎都是支離破碎的，根本沒有一個整體的規(guī)劃圖或者說是議案?；仡櫖F(xiàn)存的文獻研究不僅可以幫助我們更好的了解在這一領域的相關研究，還可以幫助我們洞察這一領域自身的發(fā)展模式。最后，對于現(xiàn)有文獻的整理綜合可以幫助研究者避免重復類似的工作，找到工作的重點。換句話說，就是取締那些研究過剩研究，同時，挖掘那些研究匱乏的領域。另一方面，本論文旨在提出前面已經(jīng)提到過的理論性的結構圖。Webster 和 Watson 建議說最好的評論應該同時具備兩個特點：概念理論性強以及基于指導性理論。我們的框架為我們提供了指導，它幫助我們有效的積累知識和解釋以前的研究結果。以為框架本身就是致力于解釋在移動支付服務市場的相關因素，基于這個框架基礎上的文獻研究保證了這項文是全面的，整體的，并且揭示可能被忽視的研究差距。這個框架不僅幫助我們解釋框架的每個因素的現(xiàn)有知識，并且更重要的是為我們提供了一個對移動支付服務市場的概況，說明各種觀點和研究成果是怎么樣融合成一個整體性藍圖的。在文獻框架構建中，主要使用了兩個指導性理論。他們是波特五力模型和勞倫斯和洛奇、佩羅和Thompson有關在工作中出現(xiàn)的一般應急理論。該框架是用來區(qū)分過去研究，分類研究的分析研究成果，并提出對未來研究有意義的各因素的研究問題。移動支付服