最新小學(xué)英語(yǔ)教師編制考試專業(yè)知識(shí)

1、第一部分：詞法考點(diǎn) 一、名詞一、名詞的復(fù)數(shù)：1.名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則形式1).一般情況下直接加s book-books cup-cups 2).以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的，先變y為i再加es . city-cities family-families 3).以s、x、sh、ch結(jié)尾的加es . bus-buses wish-wishes watch-wathes 4).以o結(jié)尾的多數(shù)加S 初中階段只有三個(gè)單詞加es . tomato-tomatoes potato-potatoes hero-heroes 5).以f、fe 結(jié)尾的，先把f、fe變v 再加es . leaf-leaves self-sel

2、ves shelf-shelves life-lives thief-thieves 2.少數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是不規(guī)則的。 man-men woman-women child-children foot-feet tooth-teeth mouse-mice 3.單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式相同。 deer-deer fish-fish sheep-sheep Chinese -Chinese Japanese-Japanese 4.某國(guó)人的復(fù)數(shù)。1). 中、日不變。Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese2). 英、法變。 Englishman-Englishmen Frenchm

3、an-Frenchmen 3). 其余s加后面。 American -Americans German-Germans Australian-Australians二、不可數(shù)名詞：1.不可數(shù)名詞：1).不能直接用數(shù)字表數(shù)量 2).不能直接加a或an 3).沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式 4).可用some、any 、lots of、plenty of 、much 修飾 5).可用“量詞短語(yǔ)”表示2.不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量的表示方法： a / 數(shù)字+ 量詞 + of + 不可數(shù)名詞 a piece of paper a cup of tea a glass of milk 三、名詞的所有格：1. s 所有格。1).用a

4、nd連接兩個(gè)并列的單數(shù)名詞表示共有關(guān)系時(shí)，這時(shí)只在最后一個(gè)名詞后加“s.” This is _(Mary and Lily) bedroom .2). 1).用and連接兩個(gè)并列的單數(shù)名詞表示各有關(guān)系時(shí)，這時(shí)分別在每個(gè)名詞后加“s.” These are _(Tom and Jack ) school bags .3).以s結(jié)尾的名詞，變所有格時(shí)在s后加“”,不以s 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，仍加“s” Teachers Day Childrens Day 4).表示店鋪、醫(yī)院、診所、住宅等名稱時(shí)，常在名詞后加 s 代表全稱。 at the doctors at the Bobs 5).由some、an

5、y、no、every與one、body 結(jié)合的復(fù)合不定代詞something 、anything 等和else 連用時(shí)，所有格應(yīng)加在else的后面。 This is _(somebody else ) pencil .6).表示時(shí)間、距離、國(guó)家、城市等無(wú)生命的名詞，也可在詞尾加s 來(lái)構(gòu)成所有格。 an hours ride two weeks time Chinas capital 所有格：1).of 用來(lái)表示無(wú)生命的名詞所有格。the map of China the door of the room 2).雙重所有格： of + 名詞所有格 of + 名詞性的物住代詞 He is a fr

6、iend of my _(brother ) . Is she a daughter of _(you)四、名詞作句子成分：1.名詞作主語(yǔ)1).表示時(shí)間、金錢、距離作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 Two hours _(be) enough for us to get there .2).量詞短語(yǔ)“數(shù)字+量詞+ of +”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與量詞保持一致。 A pair of shoes _(be) under the bed . Two pieces of paper _(be) on the desk .3).名詞+介詞（with、except 、along with .）+名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂

7、語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與前面的名詞保持一致。 The teacher with the students _(be) planting trees on the hill .4).短語(yǔ)“neithernor、eitheror、not onlybut also ”連接主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞實(shí)行就近原則。 Neither he nor I _ (be) a Frenchman .2.名詞作定語(yǔ)：1).名詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般用單數(shù)形式。 There is a shoe factory near the school .2).名詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，個(gè)別情況用復(fù)數(shù)形式。(sport ) The sports meeting will

8、be held next week .3).man、woman 作定語(yǔ)表示性別時(shí)，man、woman隨后面的名詞單復(fù)數(shù)而變。 one man teacher two women teachers 考點(diǎn)二： 冠詞的用法考查重點(diǎn)冠詞的考查重點(diǎn)包括不定冠詞a和an的用法，定冠詞the的用法和零冠詞的用法等。一.a和an的區(qū)別不定冠詞有a和an兩種形式，a用于輔音(不是輔音字母)開(kāi)頭的詞前，an用于元音(不是元音字母)開(kāi)頭的詞前。 例如：a boy, a university, a European country; an hour, an honor, an island, an elephant,

9、 an umbrella, an honest man ,a useful book不看字母看讀音,不見(jiàn)原因(元音)別施恩(n)二.不定冠詞的用法1.泛指某一類人、事或物；相當(dāng)于any，這是不定冠詞a/an的基本用法。A horst is an animal2.泛指某人或某物，但不具體說(shuō)明何人或何物。A girl is waiting for you.3.表示數(shù)量，有“一”的意思，但數(shù)的概念沒(méi)有one強(qiáng)烈。I have a computer.4.表示“每一”，相當(dāng)于every. I go to school five days a week.我一周上五天課。5.用在序數(shù)詞前，表示“又一”，“再

10、一”。 I have three books. I want to buy a fourth one.6.用在某些固定詞組中：a lot(of), after a while ,a few ,a little ,at a time ,have a swim ,have a cold ,in a hurry ,for a long time,have a good time ,have a look三.定冠詞的用法1.特指某(些)人或某(些)物，這是定冠詞的基本用法。The book on the desk is mine2.指談話雙方都知道的人或事物。Open the window, plea

11、se.3.指上文已經(jīng)提到的人或事物。I have a car. The car is red.4.指世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物。Which is bigger, the sun or the earth5.用在序數(shù)詞，形容詞最高級(jí)前。The first lesson is the easiest one in this book.6.用在由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前。the Great Wall 長(zhǎng)城，the United States 美國(guó)7.用在某些形容詞前，表示某一類人。the poor窮人, the blind盲人8用在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)形式前，表示“全家人”或“夫妻倆”。 the Greens 格林一

12、家或格林夫妻倆9.用在方位詞前。on the left在左邊，in the middle of在中間10.用在樂(lè)器名稱前。She plays the piano every day.11.用在表示海洋，河流，山脈，群島及國(guó)家和黨派等名詞前。the Black Sea黑海，the Yangzi River長(zhǎng)江12.用在某些固定詞組中：all the same仍然；all the time一直；at the moment此刻；at the same time同時(shí)；by the way順便說(shuō)；do the shopping/washing買東西/洗衣服；in the morning/afternoo

13、n/evening 在上午/下午/晚上；in the open air 在戶外，在野外四.零冠詞的用法1.棋類,球類,一日三餐名詞前不用任何冠詞 Play chess play football have supper特例：當(dāng)football，basketball指具體的某個(gè)球時(shí)，其前可以用冠詞：I can see a football.我可以看到一只足球。Wheres the football那只足球在哪兒(指足球，并非“球類運(yùn)動(dòng)”)2.季節(jié),月份,星期,節(jié)假日名詞前不用任何冠詞.In July in summer on Monday on Teachers Day3.人名,地名,國(guó)家名前不

14、加冠詞Beijing is the capital of China4.學(xué)科,語(yǔ)言,稱呼,語(yǔ)職務(wù)名詞前不用冠詞Math is hard to learn5.復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示類別時(shí)不加冠詞They are workers I like eating apples6.名詞前已有物主代詞(my，your，his，her等)、指示代詞(this/these，that/those)、不定代詞(some，any等)及所有格限制時(shí),不用冠詞my book(正)；my the book(誤)7.在表特定的公園，街道，車站，橋，學(xué)校等之前。 Middle School五.用與不用冠詞的差異in hospital住院

15、 /in the hospital在醫(yī)院里 in front of在(外部的)前面 /in the front of在(內(nèi)部的)前面 at table進(jìn)餐 /at the table在桌子旁by sea乘船 /by the sea在海邊 go to school(church)上學(xué)(做禮拜) /go to the school(church)到學(xué)校(教堂)去two of us我們當(dāng)中的兩人/the two of us我們兩人(共計(jì)兩人)next year明年 /the next year 第二年a teacher and writer一位教師兼作家(一個(gè)人)/a teacher and a w

16、riter一位教師和一位作家(兩個(gè)人)考點(diǎn)三：代詞一人稱代詞：?jiǎn)螖?shù)復(fù)數(shù)主格賓格主格賓格第一人稱Imeweus第二人稱youyouyouyou第三人稱it/she/heit/her/himtheythem1.主格作主語(yǔ),賓格作動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語(yǔ). He teaches _(we) Chinese .2.三種人稱代詞并列時(shí),順序?yàn)? 單數(shù):二,三,一 （You, she and I ） 復(fù)數(shù):一,二,三 (we , you and they )注:若把責(zé)任擔(dān),第一人稱最當(dāng)先,(即若做錯(cuò)事時(shí),把第一人稱放在最前面.) She and I have been to Beijing . Who broke

17、 the window I and Mike .注：it 還有一些特別的用法。 1）用作形式主語(yǔ),常用于 “Its +adj +to do sth”句型中. 2) 用在句型: “It seems that ”中. 3) 用在句型: “Its ones turn to do sth”中. 4) 用在句型: “Its time to do sth / for sth”中. 5) 用在句型: “Its +adj +that 從句”中. 6) 用作形式賓語(yǔ), 用來(lái)代替動(dòng)詞不定式. make /think /feel/find + it + adj (名詞)+ to do sth .二.物主代詞.第一人

18、稱第二人稱第三人稱單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)形容詞性myouryouryourits/his/hertheir名詞性mineoursyoursyoursits/his/herstheirs1. 形容詞性的物主代詞作定語(yǔ)放在名詞前，不能單獨(dú)使用。2. 名詞性的物主代詞，后面不能加名詞。名詞性的物主代詞常與of 連用。 Our classroom is as big as _(they) . This is a friend of _(my).注: 1)名詞性的物主代詞相當(dāng)于形容詞性的物主代詞加一個(gè)名詞.（名詞性的物主代詞=形容詞性的物主代詞+ 名詞） 2)形容詞性的物主代詞與own 連用時(shí),后面可

19、跟名詞也可不跟名詞. My own house = a house of my own 三.反身代詞單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱myself ourselves第二人稱yourselfyourselves第三人稱himself/herself/itselfthemselves記憶小竅門:反身代詞有規(guī)律,第三人稱賓格加self.其余都要物主加self,復(fù)數(shù)ves來(lái)把f替.反身代詞的常用搭配: enjoy oneself hurt oneself teach oneself = learnby oneslf all by oneself help oneself to look after oneself l

20、eave sb by oneself lose oneself in say to oneself for oneself dress oneself improve oneself see oneself in the mirror四.指示代詞 1.近指: this these 遠(yuǎn)指: that those 2.用法: 1)that those 常用來(lái)代替前面出現(xiàn)的人或物,以避免重復(fù). That代替可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞. Those 代替復(fù)數(shù)名詞. The weather in Guangdong is hotter than _ in Qinghai . The books in t

21、hat shop are cheaper than _in this shop. 2)this ,that 可代替句子或句子的一個(gè)部分,that代替前面提到的句子而this代替下面提到的句子. He had a bad cold ,that is why he didnt come . 3)在電話用語(yǔ)中,this 代替自己,而that 代替對(duì)方. This is Tom speaking . Who is that 五.不定代詞的區(qū)別.與it 的區(qū)別 One 代替同類事物中的一種. 而it代替上文中出現(xiàn)的某事物. This book is a good one . May I borrow i

22、t 與any 的區(qū)別 一般情況下,some用于肯定句,any用于否定,疑問(wèn)句,條件句中.但在表建議的疑問(wèn)句中,仍用some 代any. 常用于could / would / May 開(kāi)頭或what about /how about . 的句中。 May I have some water He asked me for some paper , but I didnt have any .與much的區(qū)別 Many+可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù) Much+不可數(shù)名詞 都相當(dāng)于 a lot of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞 注:a lot of 不能用于否定句中. 否定句中用many /much . few /f

23、ew /a little /little 的區(qū)別表否定(幾乎沒(méi)有)表肯定(有一點(diǎn)/幾個(gè))修飾可數(shù)名詞fewa few修飾不可數(shù)名詞littlea littleThe story is easy to read . there are _ new words in it . Hurry up ! There is _ time left . / every 的區(qū)別 each 表示兩者或兩者以上的人或物中的每一個(gè).而every 表示三者或三者以上的人或物中的每一個(gè). There are trees and frowers on _ side of the street . _ student ha

24、s read a story .注:each 可以與of 連用, each of 作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).而every 不能與of 連用.只能放在名詞前作定語(yǔ). Each of us _(study )hard . one 與none 的區(qū)別 no one 表示沒(méi)有人, 不能與of 連用. 而none of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞/ 代詞，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)常用單數(shù)。. The boys were all tired , but _ of them stopped to have a rest . /neither /either /all / none / any 的區(qū)別都都不任何一個(gè)兩者之間bothne

25、ithereither三者或三者以上allnoneanyThere are many trees on _ side of the river . A. both 注: 1). both 的否定詞是neither , all的否定詞是none.2).both of 作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù). neither of作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).Neither of the answers _(be) right .Both of my parents _(be) workers. 3).詞組 A) both and 連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù). 同義詞組:not only but also 反

26、義詞組: neither nor Not only you but also she likes watching TV.= _ you _ she like watching TV .= You like watching TV , _ _ she .B) either or 或者或者 , neithernor 既不也不 連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞實(shí)行就近原則.Neither you nor he _ (be ) right .One of Lily and Lucy is going to the park. = _ Lily _Lucy _ going to the park.C) eit

27、her 也可用于否定句中的 “也”D) neither 也可表示 “ 也不” 句型: neither sb 某人也不怎么樣. If you dont go there , _ _ I . (我也不去)4) how many /how much 的回答:用none回答. Who 的回答:用no one 回答. What 的回答:用nothing 回答. How many students are there in the classroom _. Who can answer the question _. A. None one /the other /others /the others 的

28、區(qū)別(空)后面沒(méi)有名詞(空)后面有名詞有數(shù)量限制(特指)the othersthe other沒(méi)有數(shù)量限制(泛指)othersother注: 1) one the other 表示兩者之間的一個(gè)另一個(gè) 2) some others 表示一些 一些3) another 表示三者以上的不確定數(shù)目中的另一個(gè). 只能修飾可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù).但 another +數(shù)字+ 復(fù)數(shù)名詞= 數(shù)字+ more +復(fù)數(shù)名詞 表示 “ 另外幾個(gè)” Would you like _ apple I have two brothers , one is a teacher , _ is a worker . Some are

29、 cleaning the classroom , _ are sweeping the window . There are 20 teachers in our school . Eight of them are men teachers ,and _ are women teachers everyone 每個(gè)，人人，大家不與of 連用every one每個(gè)人、物可與of 連用9.Every one of us has seen the film . Everyone should do their best .10.復(fù)合不定代詞.someany noeverythingsomethi

30、nganythingnothingeverythingonesomeoneanyoneno oneeveryonebodysomebodyanybodynobodyeverybody 注: 1.復(fù)合不定代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù). 2.形容詞修飾不定代詞時(shí), 形容詞放在不定代詞之后.3.動(dòng)詞不定式修飾不定代詞時(shí), 動(dòng)詞不定式放在不定代詞之后.4.復(fù)合不定代詞用于反義疑問(wèn)句中, 1)指人的不定代詞, 其反義疑問(wèn)句中的主語(yǔ)用he 或they . 2)指物的不定代詞, 其反義疑問(wèn)句中的主語(yǔ)用 it . ,anything ,anyone, anyboby 也可用于肯定句中,表示 “任何/任何物/

31、任何人”Everything _(begin ) to grow in spring , _ _ Is there _(一些有趣的事)in todays newpaper I want something _ (eat ).考點(diǎn)四：數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞: 表示人或事物數(shù)量多少的詞.序數(shù)詞: 表示人或事物的順序的詞.一. 基數(shù)詞.1.基數(shù)詞的讀法. 1)1-12 : one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve 2)13-19: 詞尾加-teen :thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seven

32、teen eighteen nineteen 3)20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90 : 逢十詞尾加-ty :twenty thirty forty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety 4)21-99: 在十位與個(gè)位之間加連字符構(gòu)成. 21- twenty-one 99-ninety-nine 5)101-999 :先說(shuō)幾百, 再加and ,再加末尾兩位數(shù)或個(gè)位數(shù). 101-one hundred and one 238-two hundred and thirty-eight 6)1000以上的數(shù):先將數(shù)字從右往左數(shù),每三位數(shù)用一個(gè)逗號(hào)隔開(kāi), 從右

33、往左第一個(gè)逗號(hào)表示 “千”讀thousand 第二個(gè)逗號(hào)表示 “百萬(wàn)”讀million 第三個(gè)逗號(hào)表示 “十億”讀billion 18,657,421-eighteen million ,six hundred and fifty-seven thousand ,four hundred and twenty-one.二. 序數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞 口訣: 基變序,有規(guī)律,詞尾要加th .一二三,特殊記,詞尾分別tdd(first second third ) 八去t ,九去e,ve要用f替.ty變作tie,再加th莫忘記. 若遇幾十幾,只變個(gè)位就可以.三. 數(shù)詞的應(yīng)用.1.表編號(hào). 結(jié)構(gòu):名詞(

34、首字母要大寫(xiě)) + 基數(shù)詞 = the +序數(shù)詞 +名詞 Lesson One = the first lesson 注：有些編號(hào)，一般僅用第一種表達(dá)法。 Room 101 101號(hào)房間2.序數(shù)詞前一般加定冠詞the 但序數(shù)詞前與不定冠詞a /an 連用時(shí),表示 “又一,再一” Youve done it three times .Why not try _fourth time D./3.數(shù)詞前加every ,表示每/每隔 . every ten days =every ninth day 每十天(每隔九天) 注:every +基數(shù)詞 +復(fù)數(shù)名詞 = every + (序數(shù)詞-1) +單數(shù)名

35、詞4.基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式表示年代和年齡 1)表示年代: in the + 年份的復(fù)數(shù) 在幾世紀(jì)幾十年代.在十九世紀(jì)七十年代. _. 2)表年齡: in ones + 整十的復(fù)數(shù) 表示在某人幾十歲時(shí)在他四十歲時(shí): _. / thousand /million /billion 1).若hundred / thousand /million /billion 前有基數(shù)詞時(shí),其后不加s,也不加of .若沒(méi)有時(shí) ,既加s 也要帶of .Every year _ visitors come to China .There are two _ students in our school . of of 2

36、).若其前有a few 、many、several 修飾時(shí)，通常用復(fù)數(shù)，后接of. 3).若名詞前有the修飾時(shí)，用單數(shù)，后接of Two _the students in our school are from the countryside . B. hundred of of 6.幾個(gè)半的表達(dá)法: 基數(shù)詞 + and + a half +名詞復(fù)數(shù) = 基數(shù)詞 +名詞(單數(shù)/復(fù)數(shù)) +and +a half two and a half hours = two hours and a half 7.時(shí)刻表達(dá)法: 1)整點(diǎn): 基數(shù)詞 + oclock 2)幾點(diǎn)幾分: A).直接讀法: 先讀小

37、時(shí) ,后讀分鐘 3:25 - three twenty-five B).間接讀法: a)30分鐘. 分鐘+ past + 小時(shí) 3：25 -twenty-five past three b)30分鐘. ( 60-分鐘 )+ to + (小時(shí)數(shù)+1) 3:55 - five to four c) 30 分鐘 = half 15分鐘=a quarter 45分鐘= three quarters 3:30 -half past three 3:15-a quarter past three 3:45 -a quarter to four 8.日期表達(dá)法: 結(jié)構(gòu): 1).月 日,年 (日用序數(shù)詞,年用

38、基數(shù)詞) 注:年份的讀法: 先讀前兩位數(shù),再讀后兩位數(shù). 讀日時(shí)要加the.1900-nineteen hundred 1807-eight and seven (eight o seven)2008-two thousand eight 2007年3月21日.- March the twenty-first ,two thousand and seven. 2).日 月 年 (the +序數(shù)詞+of +月, 年)2007年3月21日-the twenty-first of March ,two thousand and seven.9.分?jǐn)?shù)詞的表達(dá)法: 1).結(jié)構(gòu): a).分子用基數(shù)詞,分母

39、用序數(shù)詞. b).當(dāng)分子大于1時(shí),分母加復(fù)數(shù). 3/4- three fourths (three-fourths) 2).注意:a).分?jǐn)?shù)詞的幾種特殊形式. 1/3one third = a third 1/4one fourth = a quarter 1/2one second = a half 3/4three fourths = three quarters b).分?jǐn)?shù)詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)分?jǐn)?shù)詞后面的名詞來(lái)確定. Two fifths of the milk _(be ) drunk by Tom . One third of the students _(be )girls

40、.考點(diǎn)五：介詞一介詞at/ in /on .1.表示時(shí)間：1).表示某一具體時(shí)間點(diǎn)，某一時(shí)刻/ 年齡 at six oclock at noon at that time at the moment at the age of at night 2)in表示時(shí)間段,一天的三個(gè)時(shí)間段以及月份,年,季節(jié),世紀(jì),人生的某個(gè)時(shí)期(某人幾十歲時(shí)) in the morning/afternoon /evening in spring /in 2007/in March in the twenty-first century in his fifties3)on表示星期幾/某一具體的日子/具體某天的上午/

41、下午/晚上,表示一天中的三個(gè)時(shí)間段名詞前有修飾語(yǔ)或后有修飾語(yǔ)時(shí).On Monday on New Years Day on Sunday morning on a rainy night on the evening of April 1st ,20072表地點(diǎn):1)at 一般指較小的地點(diǎn)或較具體的位置at the station at the cinema 2)in 表示在較大的地點(diǎn)或一個(gè)有限空間里. in China in the classroom 3)on 指在某物體的表面上. on the desk注意: 寫(xiě)街道時(shí),若有門牌號(hào)用at ,否則用on / in 都可.He lives a

42、t 270 DongChangan Street.二.介詞in /on / to 表方位:表示A地在B地范圍之內(nèi).(包含關(guān)系) Tanwan is _ the southeast of China .表示A,B地接壤.(外切關(guān)系) Hubei is _ the north of Hunan .表示A,B兩地有一定的間距.(外離關(guān)系) Japan is _ the east of China .三. between / among 在之間 :指兩者之間. 在.之間. :用于三者或三者以上人或物之間. 在之中. You sit _ him and me . The song is popular

43、_ the students.四.after / in 在之后1. after 1)after + 時(shí)間段. 表示以過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻為起點(diǎn)的一段時(shí)間之后, 用于過(guò)去時(shí).2)after 作介詞. after doing sth +一段時(shí)間. 表示說(shuō)話時(shí)或以現(xiàn)在為起點(diǎn)的將來(lái)一段時(shí)間之后.用于將來(lái)時(shí). He came back _ two days . He will go home_finishing his homework . He will come back _ two days .五.with / in / by 表示 “用” 表示 “用” 一般指有形的工具 / 手段 / 人體器官. He

44、cut the apple into halves _ a knife . 注: with 表伴隨, “帶有,含有” He came in _ a big smile on his face .表示用某種語(yǔ)言,方式,途徑. 或書(shū)寫(xiě)/繪畫(huà)所用的材料. 也可表交通方式.Can you say it _English He wrote a letter _ blue ink .表示乘坐交通工具, 表示方式,方法I study for a test _ working with a group . He makes a living _ selling newspapers .注意: 同義詞組1).b

45、y phone = on the phone 2).by car = in a car 3).in pen = with a pen = with pens 六.across / through / over / by 經(jīng)過(guò) 指橫穿,穿過(guò). 表示動(dòng)作從某一物體表面上經(jīng)過(guò). 指穿過(guò),透過(guò),表示從某一物體空間內(nèi)通過(guò). 表示從某人或某物的上空經(jīng)過(guò)或越過(guò),不與表面接觸. 表示從某人/某物的旁邊經(jīng)過(guò). Can you swim _ the river the elephant is so big that it cant go _ the gate . I dont think anyone can j

46、ump _ the fence. I walked _ the bank of China yesterday .七.in front of / in the front of the front of 表示在.內(nèi)部的前面 front of 表示在外面的前面 There is a desk in _ front of our classroom . There is a big tree in _ front of our classroom.八其它介詞的用法：的其它用法.1).表示 “從事或正在做某事”,其后加的名詞往往不加冠詞. She is at work now = She is wo

47、rking now .2)at表示 “價(jià)格或速度” The train ran at 120 kilometres an hour .的其它用法:1)in表示 “在方面” 詞組:do well in = be good at be weak in 2)in 表示 “穿著”后接表顏色的詞或衣服. 詞組: be in +衣服 = be wearing +衣服3)in作副詞, “在家” = at home 的用法:1).像/和一樣. 常與系動(dòng)詞連用. 詞組: look like sound like 2).與what 連用, “是什么樣子, 怎樣”. What is he like He is ki

48、nd .的用法:1).從下來(lái), 脫離某物體. 詞組: fall off 2). “休假”通常放在時(shí)間名詞之后. 詞組: have +時(shí)間+ off He hasnt had a night off for two hours . / besides 1).except 除了.之外, 都. . 不包括在范圍之內(nèi). 注: nothing but 除了之外,什么也沒(méi)有.2).besdies除了之外,還有 . 包括在范圍之內(nèi). We all went swimming _ Lucy . There is _ a letter in the box . We study Japanese and Fre

49、nch_ English . / without 1).with具有,含有 -反義詞: without 沒(méi)有詞組: with the help of = with ones help =because of = thanks to without ones help 2).without 的用法: A).without + sb./ sth. 沒(méi)有某人或某物 B).without + doing sth . He left here without_(say ) “Goodbye”to usC). without sth 常與if 引導(dǎo)的否定的條件句. If there is no water

50、 , we cant live .= We cant live _ _ . the tree /in the tree on the tree 表示 “樹(shù)上本身長(zhǎng)的東西” 在樹(shù)上. 而in the tree 表示 “外界的物體進(jìn)入樹(shù)中” 人或物在樹(shù)上. There are some apples _ the tree . There is a boy _ the tree. / for 注: since / for 用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí).1).since : a).since +時(shí)間點(diǎn) b). 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)+ since +一般過(guò)去時(shí) c).since +一段時(shí)間+ ago.2)for: for +一

51、段時(shí)間= since +一段時(shí)間+ ago made +介詞的區(qū)別: be made of 由制成 (看得見(jiàn)原材料) be made from由制成 (看不見(jiàn)原材料)be made in +地點(diǎn) 由哪兒生產(chǎn)be made by sb. 由某人制造10.表示 “數(shù)量的介詞” about , round around over 1). about , round around表示 “大約”2).over 表示 “超過(guò)”= more than. / outside Inside 在里面 -反義詞:outside在.外面 the wall /on the wall in the wall 表示“門窗在

52、墻上” on the wall 表示“某東西張貼或掛在墻上”九.不用介詞的情況:1).當(dāng)時(shí)間狀為: tonight, today, yesterday, tomorrow 等時(shí),不用介詞. What are you going to do tonight 2).含有this, that, these, those, last, next, every, each等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ). He went to Wuhan last week .3).以all 開(kāi)頭的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)前面不用介詞. He has worked all day .4).以some ,any, one 等構(gòu)成的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)前不用介詞. He met a