八下英語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)復(fù)習(xí)專題

1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（I）語(yǔ)法知識(shí)定義：（1）表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,這個(gè)影響和結(jié)果對(duì)現(xiàn)在還必須存在.常與already(已經(jīng)), yet(已經(jīng),還), just(剛剛),ever(曾經(jīng))，never等詞連用.already: 常用于肯定句或疑問(wèn)句（均表示：已經(jīng)）. yet: 常用于否定句(表示：還、尚),疑問(wèn)句末尾（表示：已經(jīng)）. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成及句型結(jié)構(gòu)：（注：過(guò)去分詞的變化分規(guī)則變化與不規(guī)則變化，規(guī)則變化與動(dòng)詞原形變過(guò)去式一樣，不規(guī)則變化見(jiàn)教材137頁(yè)）1.肯定句：主語(yǔ)+have/has+過(guò)去分詞 +其他+時(shí)間. eg: I have already lost the

2、 key. 我已經(jīng)弄丟了鑰匙. (我現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有鑰匙)He has ever read that book . 他曾經(jīng)看過(guò)這本書. (了解書的內(nèi)容)They have just cleaned their hands. 他們剛剛洗過(guò)手了. (手是干凈的)2.否定句：主語(yǔ)+havent/ hasnt+過(guò)去分詞+其他+時(shí)間.eg: I havent lost the key yet. He hasnt ever read that book . They havent just cleaned their hands.3.一般疑問(wèn)句：Have/Has+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+其他+時(shí)間？ 肯定回答：Yes,

3、主語(yǔ)+have/ has. 否定回答：No, 主語(yǔ)+havent/hasnt. eg: Have you already lost the key? Yes, I have. No, I havent. Has he ever read the book? Yes, he has. No, he hasnt. Have they just cleaned their hands? Yes, they have. No, they havent.4.特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+have/has+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+其他+時(shí)間？eg: What have you already done? （done是d

4、o/does的過(guò)去分詞）What has he ever done? What have they just done?定義：(2)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示從過(guò)去開(kāi)始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還有可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。常與for, since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間短語(yǔ)或從句連用. for+表示一段時(shí)間的詞組； since+過(guò)去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)的詞組或一般過(guò)去式的句子.eg: She has learned English for 5 years. （她已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)五年英語(yǔ)了）解釋：一直在學(xué)，持續(xù)了五年，并且還可能持續(xù)學(xué)下去.He has lived in Beijing since he was born . （自從他出生以后就

5、居住在北京）解釋：從出生后就一直住在北京，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，還有可能一直住下去）Have you stayed here since 3 oclock? （自從3點(diǎn)后你就一直呆在這兒?jiǎn)幔浚├}：選用for和since填空:1. We havent seen each other _ a long time. 2. His father has been in the factory _ 10 years ago.3. The film has been on _ 20 minutes. 4. 4Mr. Green has worked here _ he came to China.5. His g

6、randparents have been dead _ several years. 6. Its five years _ we met last time.7.I have already had dinner. （否定） I _ _ dinner _.8. Mum has cooked the dinner. Mum _ _ the dinner.9. Susan has learned English at school. Susan_ _English at school.10. I have already had dinner. （提問(wèn)） _ _ _ _ _?11. He ha

7、s just finished his homework. _ _ _ _ _?12. Susan has learned English at school. _ _ _ _ _?13. Mum has cooked the dinner. _ _ _ _ _?(3) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)屬于現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的范圍，不能和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如yesterday,last night, three weeks ago, in1990等. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)只表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生關(guān)系。一般過(guò)去時(shí)就可以和與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用.eg: I have already see

8、n the film. （現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，已經(jīng)看了這部電影，并且知道電影的內(nèi)容）I saw the film last week. （一般過(guò)去式，因?yàn)楹竺嬗斜硎具^(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)last week） He has lived here since 1993. (現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，后面有since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句)He lived here in 1993. （一般過(guò)去時(shí)，1993年住在這兒，現(xiàn)在沒(méi)住在這兒了）例題：1. _ you _(clean) the room? Yes, we_(do) that already. 2. When _ you _(do) it? We _(do) it an hou

9、r ago.3. _ he _(see) this film yet? Yes. 4. When _ he _(see) it? He_ it last week.5. I _ (read) the novel twice. Its interesting. 6. Mr. Chen _(give)up smoking last year.7. She _(go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes. How _ she _(go) there? She _(go) there by air. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（II）語(yǔ)法知識(shí)1. 構(gòu)成：含有be動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的謂語(yǔ)部分由 “have/

10、has+ been+ to+地點(diǎn)”構(gòu)成，表示：曾經(jīng)去過(guò)某地 (been是be的過(guò)去分詞，不規(guī)則變化)2. 基本句型：(1)肯定句：主語(yǔ)+have/has+ been+ to+地點(diǎn). eg: I have been to Australia. They have been to Beijing. He has been to South Africa.(2)否定句： 主語(yǔ)+havent/hasnt+ been+ to+地點(diǎn). eg: I havent been to Australia. They havent been to Beijing. He hasnt been to South Af

11、rica.(3)一般疑問(wèn)句：Have/Has+主語(yǔ)+been + to+ 地點(diǎn)？肯定回答：Yes, 主語(yǔ)+ have/has. 否定回答：主語(yǔ)+havent/ hasnt. eg: Have you been to Australia? Yes, I have. No. I havent. Have they been to Beijing? Yes, they have. No, they havent. Has he been to South Africa? Yes, he has. No, he hasnt.（4）特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+have/has+ 主語(yǔ)+ been? eg:

12、Where have you been? Where have they been? Where has he been?3.用法：用來(lái)表示之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生和完成度的動(dòng)作與狀態(tài)，其結(jié)果卻和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系.動(dòng)作和結(jié)果發(fā)生在過(guò)去，但它的影響現(xiàn)在還在.可以和never, ever, once, twice, three/fourtimes 等副詞連用.eg: They have been to Chongqing twice. I have never been to Sichuan. Has she ever been to Hainan?3. 區(qū)別：(1). have/ has been to+地點(diǎn) 表

13、示：曾經(jīng)去過(guò)某地，已經(jīng)回來(lái)了(2). have/ has gone to+地點(diǎn) 表示： 去了某地，還沒(méi)有回來(lái)eg: She has been to Shanghai. （她去過(guò)上海，已經(jīng)回來(lái)了） She has gone to Shanghai. （她去了上海，還沒(méi)有回來(lái)）(3). have been in表示“在某地呆了多少時(shí)間”，常與時(shí)間段狀語(yǔ)連用eg: I have been in Shanghai for three years我到上海已有三年了。He has been in London for half a month他來(lái)倫敦已有半個(gè)月了。(4). have been on 表示“

14、已經(jīng)開(kāi)始了多久 表示持續(xù)性”eg: The film has been on for ten minutes. 電影已經(jīng)開(kāi)始了10分鐘了。例題：1.Where is your brother?He _ the shop. Hell be back soon.2. _ you ever _ to America?Yes, I _ New York twice.3. David _ Australia. Im sure he has already arrived.4. Is Benny here?No, he _ the school library. He left five minutes

15、ago.4. Mike and his parents _ the south for half a year.6. Mum is not at home now. she _ the shop.7. You cant find him. He_ Xian.8. Mr. Zhang _ this school for ten years. He knows everyone here.9. Miss. Brown _ China three times.10. I _ the West lake, Look, I have taken many photos of it .11. Tom _

16、Jims home, but he hasnt come back.12. We _ the bookshop and bought many books. 13. My parents _ Shandong for ten years. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（III） 語(yǔ)法知識(shí)動(dòng)詞按其動(dòng)作發(fā)生的方式，發(fā)生過(guò)程的長(zhǎng)短可分為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。1. 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞：表示能夠延續(xù)的動(dòng)作，也可以表示經(jīng)驗(yàn)與經(jīng)歷.eg: learn, work, stand, lie, walk, sleep, keep, wait, watch, sing, read, stay, live延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可以與for 和 sin

17、ce 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用：eg: He has lived here for 6 years. （他在這兒住了六年了，一直住在這兒，live是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，并且很有可能繼續(xù)居住下去） I have known her since then.（自從那時(shí)起我就認(rèn)識(shí)她了，一直都認(rèn)識(shí)，know是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）2.非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞：也成終止性動(dòng)詞或瞬間動(dòng)詞，表示不能延續(xù)的動(dòng)作，這種動(dòng)作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束.eg: open, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy, die非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能與for 和 since 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，常用的時(shí)間狀

18、語(yǔ)有 two years ago, at 5 oclock, yesterday, the day before yesterday, this morning 等表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間.eg: His grandmother died 10 years ago. She finished the work at 6 oclock.2. 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換(常用)（1）. 轉(zhuǎn)化為相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)eg: borrow keep buy have put on wear get to know know get to sleep sleep catch a cold ha

19、ve a cold （2）.轉(zhuǎn)化為“ be+形容詞/副詞/介詞/名詞” eg: begin/start be on go out be out die be deadopen be open get to/ arrive in（at）/reach be in+地點(diǎn) leave be away(from) finish be over fall ill be illget up be up fall asleep be asleep join be in+活動(dòng)/組織go to school be in school become be make friends be friendsclose b

20、e closed go to bed be in bed come/ go be + 相應(yīng)的介詞短語(yǔ)例：下面是句子的同義句轉(zhuǎn)換 將原句一般過(guò)去時(shí)改成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)eg: 1. The old man died four years ago. （一般過(guò)去時(shí)） The old man has been dead for four years. （現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，將die變?yōu)?be dead）The old man has been dead since four years ago. (現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，since跟過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn))2. I borrowed the book five days ago. 3.

21、He bought the bike three years ago.I have kept the book for five days. He has had the bike for three years. I have kept the book since five days ago. He has had the bike since three years ago.4. She went to school two days ago. 5. My sister became a nurse one year ago. She has been in school for two

22、 days. My sister has been a nurse for one year.She has been in school since two days ago. My sister has been a nurse since one year.例題：1. Li Lei joined the Party three years ago. （同義句） Li Lei the Party three years.Li Lei the Party three years ago.2. My father left Guizhou last week. （同義句）My father G

23、uizhou a week.My father Guizhou last week. 3. The factory opened in 1996. （同義句） The factory ten years. The factory since 1996.4. Mr. Wang reached Beijing five days ago. Mr. Wang Beijing five days ago. Mr. Wang Beijing five days.5. The film began ten minutes ago.The film for . The film since 6. She b

24、ought the new car three years ago. She _ _ the new car _ three years. She _ _ the new car _ three years ago.7. They came to China ten years ago. They _ _ _ China _ ten years. They _ _ _ China _ ten years ago.英語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)復(fù)習(xí)專題1、 單項(xiàng)選擇 1、 Both his parents look sad . Maybe they whats happened to him . A. knew

25、 B. have known C. must know D.will know 2、 He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ? A. already B.never C.ever D.still 3、Have you met Mr Li _？ A. just B. ago C.before D. a moment ago 4、 The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . A. is writing B.was writing C.wrote D.has written 5、 Our countr

26、y _ a lot so far . Yes . I hope it will be even _ . A. has changed well B.changed good C.has changed better D.changed better 6、 Zhao Lan _already in this school for two years . A. was studying B. will study C. has studied D. are studying 7、 We _ Lily since she was a little girl . A. know B. had know

27、n C. have known D. knew 8、 Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . A. will see B.have seen C.saw D.see 9、 These farmers have been to the United States . Really ? When _ there ? A. will they go B. did they go C. do they go D. have they gone 10、 _ you your homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment

28、ago . A.Did do; finished B.Have done; finished C.Have done; have finished D.will do; finish 11、 His father _ the Party since 1978 . A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in 12、 Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made 13

29、、 How long have you here ? About two months . A. been B. gone C. come D. Arrived 14、 Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. began 15、 It _ ten years since he left the army . A. is B. has C. will D. was 16、 Miss Green isnt in the office . she_ to the librar

30、y . A. has gone B. went C.will go D. has been 17、 My parents _ Shandong for ten years . A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been 18、 The students have cleaned the classroom, ? A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they 19、 has Mr White been a member of Greener China sinc

31、e he to China? A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived 20、 His uncle for more than 9 years. A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university 21.When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _ for 20 minutes. A. has left B. had left C

32、. has been away D. had been away 22. I _ the League for 5 years so far. A. joined B. have joined C. have been in D.have been to 23. The factory _ since the February of 1988. A . has been open B. has opened C. has been opened D. opened24. Mary and Rose _friends since they met in 2000. A. have made B.

33、 have been C. made D. have become 25. You mustnt_ until he comes back. A. be away B. leave C. be left D.away26. The meeting _ for a week now. A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over D.has been finished 27. Miss Gao _ this school for nearly 5 years. A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught D

34、.has been to28. Ben _ a teacher for 4 years . A. has been B. has become C. was D. became 29. I _ home for a week. A. have returned B. have been back C. returned D.have back 30. How long _ he _ ? A. had ,died B. has, died C. has, been dead D.has, dead 31. He _ at eight yesterday afternoon. A. has bee

35、n slept B. was sleeping C. has sleep D. had slept 32. He _ the car for a week. A. bought B. has bought C. has had D.has been had 33. -How long _ you _ ill ? -Two weeks. A. did fall B. have, fell C. have, been D.had, been34. Since 2000, he _ his hometown. A. has left B. has moved away C. has been awa

36、y from D.has moved away from 35. Ill lend you the book , but you can only _ it for 2 days. A. borrow B. keep C.get D.lend36. The bus _ on the road for 2 hours so far. A. has stopped B. stopped C. has been D.has been stopped37. Are you _ the jacket these days? A. wearing B. putting on C. dressing D.

37、on 38. He _ for 2 hours. A. got up B. has got up C. has been up D.had been up 39. Tom is ill in hospital. He _ a cold for several days. A. is B. catches C. has caught D. has had 40. - How long can I _ the book? - Two weeks. A. borrow B. lend C. get D. keep 二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換。 1、 He has never surfed. ?（改成疑問(wèn)句） 2、

38、They have been here since 2000. (對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)) have they been here? 3、 The old man _ last year. He for a year. (die) （動(dòng)詞填空） 4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換) This factory _ for twenty years. 5、 Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換) Miss Gao _ _ _ _ an hour ago. 6、 Her mother has been a Party me

39、mber for three years .（同義句） Her mother _ the Party three years _ . 7、 The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換) _ two years _ the Green family moved to France. 8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把兩個(gè)句子合并成一個(gè)句子) _ 三、漢譯英。 1、 吉姆已做完作業(yè)，他現(xiàn)在有空了。 Jim doing his homework, He

40、is free now 2、 他昨天收到一封信。 He a letter . 3、 我父親以前到過(guò)長(zhǎng)城。 My father the Great Wall . 4、 她還沒(méi)有看過(guò)那部新電影。 She the new film . 5、 她去過(guò)上海。 She Shanghai 6、 他這些天上哪兒去了？ Where he these days ? 四、用括號(hào)中動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)?shù)男问教羁铡?1 The boy is happy because he _(sell) out all the newspapers. 2. My teacher often _(tell) us not to play on

41、the street. 3 If it _(not rain) tomorrow, we _(go )fishing. 4 Where _you_(be) these days? 5 Where is Tom? He _(go) to the post office. He said he _(come) back soon. 6 Mike says he _(want )to be a worker after he _ (finish )school. 7 The last bus _just _(leave) when they _(get) to the bus stop. 8 She

42、 _(not go) to bed until she _(finish) her work. 9 Light _(travel )much faster than sound. 10 I _(feel) much better after I _(take) the medicine. 11 “Where _we_(meet)?” “Lets meet outside the park gate.” 12I_(be) afraid Mr Johnson _(not visit) out school tomorrow. 13 I _(lost) my bike ._you _(see) it anywhere? 14 “Where _(be) you this time yesterday?” “I_(be) at home. I _(go) over my lessons then.” 15 We _(see) several members of the family since we _(arrive) 16 I found that the students _(play) football on the playground. 17 The shop _(close) at this time of da