外研社高一英語必修一_Module4：Grammar

1、Grammar,現(xiàn)在完成時(Present perfect tense),現(xiàn)在完成時(Present perfect tense) (一) 現(xiàn)在完成時的基本用法： 1. 表示動作到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成或剛剛完成。 I have finished my work. We have set up many new factories.,2. 動作發(fā)生在過去, 強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果、影響等。 Have you ever seen the film “Harry Potter”? Ive spent 3 years in the countryside.,3. 表示動作發(fā)生在過去, 并且一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在, 甚至

2、還可能繼續(xù)下去, 句中使用持續(xù)性動詞, 且常有表示一段時間的時間狀語。,We havent seen each other for ten years. Ive been an English teacher for about 20 years.,4. 現(xiàn)在完成時可以用在條件或時間狀語從句中, 表示將來某個時刻之前已經(jīng)完成的動作。 e.g. Ill go home as soon as I have finished my homework. Please lend me that book if you have finished reading it.,(二) 使用現(xiàn)在完成時的句型 1)

3、 現(xiàn)在完成時+since + 點(diǎn)時間狀語(名詞、短語、從句, 其中從句用一般過去時) 2) 現(xiàn)在完成時+ for+ 段時間狀語 3) It / This is the first /其他序數(shù)詞/ last time + that 從句中, 從句使用現(xiàn)在完成時。, 注意: 在下面的句子中, 主句的謂語動詞常用一般現(xiàn)在時： It is three years since I began to work on the farm. Its a long time since I saw you last.,現(xiàn)在完成時表示某一已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果或影響, 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況, 所以不能與表示過

4、去的時間狀語連用; 一般過去時只表示某一動作或狀態(tài)在過去發(fā)生或存在過, 與現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生聯(lián)系, 它可以與表示過去的時間狀語連用。,(三)現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別:,He has read that book. (說明他現(xiàn)在知道那本書的內(nèi)容) He read that book last year. (只說明他去年讀過那本書 ) He has gone to America. (他現(xiàn)在不在此地, 在美國) He went to America. (只說明他去過美國),(四) 終止性動詞與延續(xù)性動詞： 1. 終止性動詞: 表示短暫的運(yùn)動狀態(tài),不能和表示一段時間的狀語連用,常用的動詞有: come,

5、 go, start, begin, leave, arrive, reach, get, get up , join, marry, open, close, give, lend, borrow, finish, break, see, hear, notice, find, understand, die 等。,2. 延續(xù)性動詞: 表示長時間的運(yùn)動狀態(tài),能和表示一段時間的狀語連用。 常用的動詞有: live, study, work, teach, stay, read, play, fly, talk, rain, eat, run等,1. - How are you today? -

6、 Oh, I _ as ill as I do today for a very long time. A. didnt feel B. wasnt feeling C. dont feel D. havent felt,Exercises:,2. - _ David and Vicky _ married? - For about three years. A. How long have; been B. How long have; got C. How long were; being D. How long did; get,3. It is the third time you _

7、 late this week. A. had arrived B. arrived C. have arrived D. are arriving 4. - Did you enjoy your holiday? - Wonderful. It is years _ I enjoyed myself so much. A. after B. when C. before D. since,5. When I was at college, I _ three foreign languages, but I _all except a few words of each. A. spoke;

8、 had forgotten B. spoke; have forgotten C. had spoken; had forgotten D. had spoken; have forgotten,6. - Where _ the recorder? I cant see it anywhere. - I _ right here. But now its gone. A. did you put; have put B. had you put; was putting C. have you put; put D. were you putting; have put,7. The pri

9、ce _, but I doubt whether it will remain so. A. went down B. will go down C. was going down D. has gone down 8. They are discussing the problem the whole afternoon, but they _ a decision so far. A. didnt reach B. wont arrive at C. havent come to D. all above,9. I have bought an English-Chinese dicti

10、onary. When and where _ you _ it? A. do; buy B. did; buy C. have; bought D. had; bought,10. I heard the peasants here _ very poor in the past. Yes, but there _ great changes in the past few years. A. were; were B. have been; have been C. have been; were D. were; have been,moved,Complete the conversa

11、tion. Use the preset tense of the verbs in brackets, and for or since where appropriate. Mike: Hi, Kate. Kate: Hi, Mike. Mike: I havent seen your brother around for a long time. _ he _ (move) to a new neighborhood?,Has,Kate: No, he _ _ (move) to a new country! He _ _ (be) in Australia _ last year. Mike: Australia! Thats great country. _ you ever _ (be) there?,hasnt moved,has,been,since,Have,been,Kate: No, I _ never _ (be) there, but I _ _ (decide) to go later this year. Mike: Great! _ your brother _ (send) you any photos _ he moved there?,have