商務(wù)英語(yǔ)翻譯(英譯漢)第五講

1、商務(wù)英語(yǔ)翻譯 English-Chinese Translation for International Business,為了避免文章的單調(diào)乏味，英文中往往盡量要避免用詞重復(fù)。除了使用代詞外，同一件事物常用拼寫不同而意義相近的詞來表示?；乇苤貜?fù)是英語(yǔ)的一大特色。 漢語(yǔ)的重復(fù)則不會(huì)給人以單調(diào)乏味的感覺，相反，如果使用得當(dāng)，還可以起到反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)的作用，使語(yǔ)義明確，譯文生動(dòng)。重復(fù)是漢語(yǔ)的一個(gè)明顯特點(diǎn)。,重復(fù)法（Repetition）,1）指代法 2）替代法 3）換詞法 4）省略法 5）保留介詞法 6）緊縮法,英語(yǔ)回避重復(fù)的主要方法,The moneys most extraordinary feat

2、 was learning to operate a tractor. By the age of nine, this remarkable animal had learned to drive the vehicle single-handed.,換詞法,省略法,I like strong tea, but I suppose weak () is better for you. (回避重復(fù)名詞),They are not known for retreat. They never have ( ) and never will ( ). (回避重復(fù)動(dòng)詞),A: Would you li

3、ke to go with me? B: Yes, Id like to. (回避重復(fù)不定式),The origne is ripe. I know () from its color. (回避重復(fù)句子),保留介詞法,保留介詞法就是保留同一個(gè)介詞以回避名詞、動(dòng)詞或者形容詞的重復(fù)。如：,Discipline is indispensable to victory in war, to success in our work, and indeed, to the realization of our goal.,Discipline is indispensable to victory in

4、war, Discipline is indispensable to success in our work, and indeed, Discipline is indispensable to the realization of our goal.,保留介詞法,We talked of ourselves, of our prospects, of the journey, of the weather, of each other-of everything but our host and hostess.,We talked of ourselves, We talked of

5、our prospects, We talked of the journey, We talked of the weather, and We talked of each other- talked of everything but our host and hostess.,緊縮法,緊縮法就是將語(yǔ)句中兩個(gè)或幾個(gè)相關(guān)聯(lián)的成分合并在一起，以避免一些詞語(yǔ)的重復(fù)，是文字變得簡(jiǎn)潔。如：,He was particularly interested in the articles on and by Lu Xun.,He was particularly interested in the ar

6、ticles on and He was particularly interested in the articles written by Lu Xun.,英漢翻譯中的重復(fù)翻譯法,1. We should learn how to analyze and solve problems.,2. The big company has its disadvantages.,我們應(yīng)該學(xué)會(huì)如何分析問題和解決問題。,大企業(yè)有大企業(yè)的難處。,3. Managing multinationals means handling both national and organizational cultur

7、e differences at the same time.,管理跨國(guó)公司意味著要同時(shí)處理民族文化差異與組織文化差異。,1. He became an oil baronall by himself.,2. Last year, the output of coal in this region amounted to about 20 percent of the whole country, of steel 25 percent, and of cotton 35 percent.,他成了一個(gè)石油大亨一個(gè)白手起家的石油大亨。,去年，這一地區(qū)的煤產(chǎn)量約占全國(guó)總產(chǎn)量的20%，鋼產(chǎn)量占25%

8、 , 棉花產(chǎn)量占35。,3. In fact, the blatant use of money to motivate people either to join an organization or to stay on has created more motivation problems than it has solved.,事實(shí)上，大張旗鼓地用金錢來促使人們加入某組織或留下來，這種做法所引起的激勵(lì)機(jī)制上的問題，遠(yuǎn)比其所解決的問題要多。,4. The main difficulty is the shortage of funds, teachers and teaching ma

9、terials.,5. We thank you very much for the warm hospitality accorded to our trade delegation during this visit to your country and for the close co-operation in the business discussions.,主要的問題是經(jīng)費(fèi)不足、教員不足、教材不足這幾項(xiàng)。,我們非常感謝你們?cè)谖屹Q(mào)易代表團(tuán)訪問貴國(guó)期間給予的盛情款待，感謝你們?cè)跇I(yè)務(wù)洽談中給予的密切配合。,6. With respect to manuscripts and pictu

10、res that are provided by the Chinese party, without the consent of the Chinese Party, the other party may not transfer the copyright, or extend the use thereof, or extend the areas where they shall be distributed.,凡我方提供的書稿和圖片，未經(jīng)我方同意，對(duì)方不得轉(zhuǎn)讓版權(quán)，不得擴(kuò)大使用權(quán)，不得擴(kuò)大發(fā)行區(qū)域。,詞類轉(zhuǎn)換法,英漢兩種語(yǔ)言的使用范圍和表達(dá)方式不盡相同，翻譯時(shí)有些句子可以逐詞（w

11、ord-for-word）對(duì)譯，如：She is a beautiful girl.“她是個(gè)漂亮姑娘。 此譯文中的詞性基本上與英語(yǔ)相當(dāng)。 但在大多數(shù)情況下，翻譯句子時(shí)不能逐漸詞對(duì)譯，如：He is a liar. 就不能直譯為“他是個(gè)說謊的人，”因?yàn)闈h語(yǔ)習(xí)慣不這樣說，可譯為“他愛說謊。”這樣，漢語(yǔ)各詞的詞性與英語(yǔ)就不對(duì)應(yīng)了。,又如：He took his students to the factory for a visit. “他帶學(xué)生到工廠去參觀?！?原文中只有一個(gè)動(dòng)詞took，譯成漢語(yǔ)后卻出現(xiàn)了4個(gè)動(dòng)詞?？梢娫诜g中，有時(shí)要把原文的一種詞轉(zhuǎn)換成譯入語(yǔ)的另一種詞類。隨著詞類的變化，句子的結(jié)

12、構(gòu)也產(chǎn)生了變化。,3. A government report targets earnings from industry at US $ 200 billion by 2008.,2. The cost of making goods can be drastically lowered by means of mass-production.,政府的一份報(bào)告提出一個(gè)目標(biāo)：到2008年，要使工業(yè)收入達(dá)到 2000 億美元。（英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換成漢語(yǔ)名詞）,通過批量生產(chǎn)可以大幅度降低生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品的成本。（英語(yǔ)介詞轉(zhuǎn)化成漢語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞）,1. I have the honor to inform you th

13、at the new products of yours have entered the international markets.,我榮幸地告訴你，貴公司的新產(chǎn)品已經(jīng)打入了國(guó)際市場(chǎng)。 （英語(yǔ)名詞轉(zhuǎn)換成漢語(yǔ)副詞）,4. Advertising affects tremendously every sphere of modern life.,5. The fair price connected with the superiority of varieties of our products will be able to guarantee our competitive edge i

14、n the international market.,廣告對(duì)現(xiàn)代生活的方方面面產(chǎn)生極大的影響。（英語(yǔ)副詞轉(zhuǎn)換成漢語(yǔ)形容詞）,我方產(chǎn)品種類繁多，品質(zhì)優(yōu)良，價(jià)格合理，能夠確保在國(guó)際市場(chǎng)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)。（英語(yǔ)名詞轉(zhuǎn)換成漢語(yǔ)形容詞）,一、轉(zhuǎn)譯成漢語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 在英譯漢時(shí)，英語(yǔ)中的許多意思都可以用漢語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞來表達(dá)。例如： 1）We mustnt lose sight of the fact that air pollution is going from bad to worse in our city. 我們不能忽略這一事實(shí)，空氣污染在我們城市中日益嚴(yán)重。 (名詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成漢語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞) （具備動(dòng)詞概念的名詞） 2）

15、The airline has been in operation for many years.（名詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成漢語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞） 這家航空公司已經(jīng)營(yíng)多年。,4）We were all in favor of his suggestion. （介詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成漢語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞） 我們?nèi)w贊成他的建議。 5）Doctors have said that they are not sure they can save his life. （形容詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成漢語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞） 醫(yī)生們說他們不敢肯定能否救得了他的命。 6）He was not aware of her presence till she spoke to him.（形容

16、詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成漢語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞） 直到她開口說話他才意識(shí)到她在面前。,英語(yǔ)中表示知覺、情欲、欲望等心理狀態(tài)的形容詞，在系動(dòng)詞后做表語(yǔ)，往往可轉(zhuǎn)譯成漢語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。常見的形容詞有“confident, certain, careful, cautious, angry, sure, glad, ignorant, afraid, doubtful, aware, concerned, sorry, delighted, ashamed, thankful, anxious, grateful, able” 7) She opened the window to let fresh air in. (副詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成漢語(yǔ)動(dòng)

17、詞) 她把窗戶打開，讓新鮮空氣進(jìn)來。,二、譯成漢語(yǔ)名詞,1 動(dòng)詞譯成漢語(yǔ)名詞 1）Formality has always characterized their relationship. 他們之間的關(guān)系，有一個(gè)特點(diǎn)，就是以禮相待。 2）This store features round-the-clock service. 這家商店的特點(diǎn)是晝夜服務(wù)。 3）Your work is characterized by lack of attention to detail. 你工作的毛病是不注意細(xì)節(jié)（或：粗心大意）。 如果英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞譯成漢語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)跟前后的修飾語(yǔ)不好搭配；或搭配起來不符合漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣，

18、可以把動(dòng)詞譯成名詞，再在名詞前加上與之搭配的動(dòng)詞。,4）The youths always dream fondly of their future. 年輕人對(duì)前途總是懷有美好的夢(mèng)想。 5) Independent observers have commented favorably on the achievements you have made in this direction. 有獨(dú)立見解的觀察家們對(duì)你們?cè)谶@方面所取得的成就給予了很高的評(píng)價(jià)。,2. 形容詞譯成漢語(yǔ)名詞 1）They did their best to help the sick and the wounded. 他們

19、盡了最大的努力幫助病號(hào)和傷員。 2）Robin Hood and his merry men hated the rich and loved and protested the poor. 羅賓漢和他的伙伴們痛恨闊人熱愛并保護(hù)窮人。 3）Steven was eloquent and elegant- but soft. 史蒂文森有口才，有風(fēng)度。,三、其他轉(zhuǎn)譯法 1) You are a greater blockhead than I had supposed you to be. 你比我所想象得要傻的多。（名詞 形容詞） 2) His address impressed me deepl

20、y. 他的話給我留下很深的印象。（副 形容詞） 3) He is the right man Im looking for. 他正是我要找的人。（形 副詞）,四、練習(xí) 1They went on strike in demand of a 40 per cent wage increase. 2Difference between the social systems of states shall not be an obstacle to their approachment and cooperation. 3The road to development is long but we

21、are firmly on it. 4Dont be afraid of those who might have a better idea or who might even be smarter than you are. 5That book will be out pretty soon.,6It is our goal that the people in the underdeveloped area will be finally off poverty. 7The book did not impress me at all. 8. Harry aims to become

22、a computer expert. 9. Obedience is obligatory on a soldier. 10. Our government shows great concern for the Chinese resident abroad. 11From the front, back and both sides we kept a strict watch on the enemy.,四、練習(xí) 1They went on strike in demand of a 40 per cent wage increase. 他們舉行罷工，要求工資增加40%。 （名詞 動(dòng)詞） 2Difference between the social systems of states shall not be an obstacle to their approachment and cooperation. 國(guó)與國(guó)社會(huì)制度的不同不應(yīng)妨礙彼此 的 接近與 合作。（名詞動(dòng)詞）,3The road to developm