現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)講解中考真題練習(xí)

1、輔導(dǎo)科目：英 語(yǔ) 學(xué)員姓名： 年級(jí):九年級(jí) 學(xué)科教師： 課 時(shí) 數(shù)： 第_次課授課主題時(shí)態(tài)教學(xué)目標(biāo)1. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成和用法。2. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)的構(gòu)成和使用。授課日期及時(shí)段2015年10 月 10日 :00 - :00教學(xué)內(nèi)容 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的定義：（1）表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。（2）表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始, 持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。二、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成：1、總結(jié)構(gòu)：have (has）+ 過(guò)去分詞2、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的基本句型：肯定式：主語(yǔ) + 助動(dòng)詞have/has + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 疑問(wèn)式：助動(dòng)詞Have/Has + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞否定式：主語(yǔ) + 助動(dòng)詞

2、have/has + not + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 Eg： Has he gone to the library ? 他是去了圖書(shū)館嗎？ Yes,he has. 是的，是去那里了。 No, he hasnt. 不，他沒(méi)去那里。 How long has Mrs Smith been in Beijing？ Smith夫人來(lái)北京多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了？三、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法1、表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。Eg：- Its so dark. -Someone has turned off the light.(有人剛把燈關(guān)了,對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是:現(xiàn)在很黑)- Are you free?-I

3、have finished my homework. I am free.(我已經(jīng)完成了家庭作業(yè),對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是有空)2、在表示“用法（1）” 時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常和副詞already, yet, never, ever ,before 等連用。a）already 往往用于肯定句，用在疑問(wèn)句時(shí)表示強(qiáng)調(diào)或加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣；Eg：He has already left here. 他已經(jīng)離開(kāi)這里了。Has he already left here? 他（真的）已經(jīng)離開(kāi)這里了嗎？（表示加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣） b）yet在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的用法，yet 用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句。 否定句: 句末 “還(沒(méi))” 疑問(wèn)句: 句末 “己

4、經(jīng)” Eg： I havent had breakfast yet. Have you had breakfast yet? c）never 是否定詞，表示“從來(lái)沒(méi)有”，而ever 表示“曾經(jīng)” Eg：We have never been to the Great Wall. 我們從來(lái)沒(méi)有去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城。 Have you ever been to Canada? 你們?cè)?jīng)去過(guò)加拿大嗎？3、表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始, 持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。eg：He has lived here since 1978.自從1978年以來(lái),他一直住在這兒. (動(dòng)作起始于1978年,一直住到現(xiàn)在,可能還要繼續(xù)住下去.)? I

5、 have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部隊(duì)已經(jīng)呆了五年多了. (動(dòng)作開(kāi)始于5年前,一直延續(xù)至今,有可能還要繼續(xù)下去.)?4、在用法（2）中，常與since + 過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，for + 一段時(shí)間，so far 等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。1）for + 一段時(shí)間 Eg: I have been here for 5 weeks. He has studied English for 3 years.2）since +(表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間的)時(shí)間點(diǎn) a) since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)He?has?stayed?here?since?5?oclock. b) sin

6、ce+ 時(shí)間段+ agoHe?has?stayed?here?since?5?hours?ago. c) since+ 從句She?has?taught?English?since?he?came?here. 詞組since 單詞 從句(一般過(guò)去時(shí))Eg：I have been here since 2000. I have been here since 5 years ago. I have been here since I graduated in 2000.注1：since 也可單獨(dú)使用，表示“自那時(shí)起”；另外since前也可加上ever，以加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。Eg： I have been

7、here (ever) since. I have been here (ever) since I graduated in 2000.注2：對(duì)for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)提問(wèn)必須用how long，決不能用when.Eg：How long have you lived here? I have lived here for 10 years. How long has she stood here?She has stood here since 2 hour ago.4、 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) already, never, ever, just, yet, before, up

8、 to now, so far, for the last few weeks， these days, since， for a long time【練習(xí)】用never, ever, already, yet, for, since填空1. I have _ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.2. Jack has _ finished his homework _ an hour ago.3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school _ ten years.4. “Have you _ seen the

9、film?” “No, I have _ seen it.”5. “Has the bus left _?” “Yes, it has _ left.”五、have been 與have gone 的用法比較 1、have been to 意思是“到過(guò)，去過(guò)”，表示曾經(jīng)到過(guò)某處，但現(xiàn)在人不在那兒。2、have gone to 意思是“去了”，表示已經(jīng)去了某地，現(xiàn)在人可能在去的途中或已在那兒了。3、have been in 意思是“呆在某處一段時(shí)間了”Eg：Has she ever been to Nanjing? 她曾去過(guò)南京嗎？ You have never been there, have

10、 you? 你以前從未去過(guò)那兒，是嗎？ I have been to Guiling ,I went there last year. 我去過(guò)桂林，我去年去的。 She has gone to Nanjing. 她已經(jīng)去南京了?！揪毩?xí)】用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。A: Where _ Li Fei _?B: He _ to Hainan Island.A: How long _ he _ there?B: He _ there for three days.A: When will he come back , do you know?B: Im af

11、raid he wont come back recently.A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?B: Sorry, I _ never _ there.A: How many times _ Li Fei _ to that place?B: He _ there only once.一般過(guò)去時(shí)一、一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法 表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況。例如：I went to school at 7:00 yesterday morning.我昨天早晨七點(diǎn)去上學(xué)。 表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間存在的狀態(tài)。例如：She was not at ho

12、me last night.她昨晚八點(diǎn)沒(méi)在家。 表示在過(guò)去經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常和often(經(jīng)常)、always(總是)、sometimes(有時(shí))等表示頻率的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。 eg：He often had lunch at school last month.他上個(gè)月經(jīng)常在學(xué)校吃午飯。 表示已故的人所做的事情或情況。 eg：Ba Jin wrote a lot of novels for us.巴金寫(xiě)了很多部小說(shuō)。二、一般過(guò)去時(shí)的四種時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) yesterday及相關(guān)短語(yǔ)。eg：yesterday morning/afternoon/evening 昨天上午/下午/晚上。 “l(fā)ast+

13、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)。eg：last night/month/spring/year 昨晚/上個(gè)月/去年春天/去年。 “一段時(shí)間+ago”組成的短語(yǔ)。eg：three days ago 三天以前 four years ago四年以前。 “介詞+ 時(shí)間名詞”組成的短語(yǔ)。eg：in 1999 在1999年；on the morning of December 25th 在12月25號(hào)早上。三、一般過(guò)去時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的表現(xiàn)形式1、 be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式was、were.eg：She was a teacher five years ago. 她五年前是一名教師。2、行為動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式分為規(guī)則動(dòng)詞和不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞兩

14、種，規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成遵循以下四個(gè)規(guī)則：1） 直接在動(dòng)詞后加ed例如：help-helped; want-wanted等；2） 以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾時(shí)，去掉e加ed (即直接加d) 例如：like-liked; use-used等；3） 以輔音字母y結(jié)尾時(shí)，把y變成i再加ed例如：carry-carried; study-studied等；4） 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)輔音字母再加ed例如：stop-stopped; shop-shopped等。而不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式則需要我們認(rèn)真下工夫去記了。例如：go-went; come-came; buy-bought等。連系動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式例如：

15、become-became She became angry. 她生氣了。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式+動(dòng)詞原形。例如：I could swim at the age of five. 我五歲時(shí)就會(huì)游泳了。 【練習(xí)】寫(xiě)出下列單詞的過(guò)去式 isam_? fly_? plant_? are _? drink_play_ ? go_? make _ does_? dance_worry_? ask _? taste_? eat_ draw_put _? throw_ kick_? pass_? do _ 四、一般過(guò)去時(shí)的構(gòu)成一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的肯定句式“主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式+其它”eg：Jenny bought a sk

16、irt yesterday. 詹妮昨天買(mǎi)了一件短裙。一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的否定句式 “主語(yǔ)+didnt+動(dòng)詞原形+其它”eg：Jenny didnt buy a skirt yesterday. 詹妮昨天沒(méi)有買(mǎi)短裙。 一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的一般疑問(wèn)句式 “Did+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其它”eg：Did Jenny buy a skirt yesterday? 詹妮昨天買(mǎi)短裙了嗎？ 一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的特殊疑問(wèn)句式 “疑問(wèn)詞+did +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其它”eg：What did Jenny buy yesterday? 詹妮昨天買(mǎi)了什么？現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法比較一、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)都是說(shuō)過(guò)去的事情，但現(xiàn)在

17、完成時(shí)注意的不是事情本身，而是強(qiáng)調(diào)事情與現(xiàn)在保持的某種密切聯(lián)系（如現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果，影響一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在等）;而一般過(guò)去時(shí)，則只講述發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作和事情與現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有關(guān)系。 Eg: He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他已經(jīng)買(mǎi)了一本英漢字典。 He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他曾買(mǎi)過(guò)一本英漢字典。 第一句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)，想表達(dá)意為：“He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. And he still has it” “過(guò)去他買(mǎi)了一本英漢字典，現(xiàn)在他還有這本字典

18、” 。 第二句用過(guò)去時(shí)只敘述過(guò)去他買(mǎi)過(guò)一本英漢字典這一事實(shí)，至于現(xiàn)在他是否有這本字典并未強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)明。二、當(dāng)有一個(gè)表示過(guò)去某一特定時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，不用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，而用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。eg: I saw the film on television yesterday 但since(自以來(lái))+某一過(guò)去時(shí)間或敘述過(guò)去事情的從句總是與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。Eg：They have known each other since 1950 . Since he was a child ,he has lived in England.三、常與一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用的典型的時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ): yesterday(昨天)， the da

19、y before yesterday(前天), just now(剛才)， 時(shí)間+ ago, last +時(shí)間eg: The plane took off ten minutes ago. We finished our task last week .【練習(xí)】用一般過(guò)去時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)填空：1. “_ you _ (write) a letter to your aunt yet?”“Yes, I _. I _ (write) one last week.”2. “_ he _ (finish) his homework?” “Not yet.”3. “_ they ever _ (be) a

20、broad?” “Yes, just once.”4. Your father _ just _ (finish) his work.5. Your father _ (finish) his work just now.6. Last term I _ (learn) many English words.7. They _ (not read) the interesting books yet.8. He _ never _ (go) to the science museum.9. _ you ever _ (drink) coke?【課堂練習(xí)】【2012北京】1.Where were

21、 you last Saturday? I _ in the Capital Museum.A. am B. will C. wasD. have been【2012廣西玉林】2. Last year, Shenzhou-8 _ into the space. It made us proud. A. is sent B. was sent C. sends D. sent 【2012貴州安順】3.The old man _ in Shanghai, but he _ in Haikou now.Abe born; liveBwas born ; live Cis born; livesDWa

22、s born; lives【2011湖北恩施】4. He _ go out with his parents, but now he _ staying at home alone.A. used to； is used toB. is used to； used toC. use to； is used to【2012?湖北?武漢】5. I dont remember when and where I _ this umbrella.A.buy B.have bought C.will buy D.bought【2012湖南懷化】6.The telephone _by a well-know

23、n scientist ,Edison. A. invented B. inventing C. was invented【2011湖南株洲】7.Have you ever been to Shanghai?Yes. I _ there with my father last year.A. went B. have been C. have gone【2012江蘇蘇州】8. The film made by Walt Disney _ all over the world. A. is used to showB. is used to showing C. used to show D.

24、used to be shown【2012江蘇徐州】9. I know a little about Thailand, as I there three years ago. A. have been B. have gone C. will go D. went【2012江蘇鹽城】10. Have you ever been to Singapore? Yes. I_ there last year with my parents.A. goB. wentC. have beenD. was going【2012江西】11. Hello, mum. Are you still on Lus

25、han Mountain?Oh, no. we are back home. We _ a really good journey.A. have B. had C. are having D. will have 【2012江西】12. Oh, my God! I cant find my key to the office.Dont worry. Perhaps it _ at your home. A. left B. has left C. was left D. had left【2012 內(nèi)蒙古包頭】13. Havent I told you that you should be

26、home earlier? Yes, but I home earlier than I usually do. A. was coming B. will come C. came D. had come【2012湖北黃岡】14. Hey, Molly. You _ on the phone just now. But you werent here and the man left a phone number.Oh? I was in the library. A. wanted B. are wanted C. were wanted D. have wanted【2012陜西】15.

27、 A new club _ in our school at the beginning of this year and now it has many members. A. starts B. is started C. has started D. was started 【2011河南】16. Have you heard of Earth Day?Yes. The first Earth Day _ in 1970 to educate us to protect our planet.A. celebrates . B. celebrated C. is celebrated D

28、. was celebrated 【2012四川宜賓】17. My grandma _ us stories when I was young. A. was used to tell B. is used to telling C. used to tell D. used to telling 【2012四川宜賓】18. Are you a soccer player in your school? Yes, I _ the team two years ago. I _ in the team for two years. A. have joined; have been B. was

29、 joined; am C. joined; was D. joined; have been 【2012天津】19. I have been to Shanghai. I _ there last month.A. go B. went C. have gone D. will go【2012浙江杭州】20.Mark_in China for 10 years and now he teaches Chinese in Britain.A. has worked B. worked C. had worked D. is working 【2012浙江溫州】21. What did you

30、do yesterday evening, Gina.? I _ Titanic 3D in the City Cinema.A. watch B. watched C. am watching D. will watch 【2012湖南省岳陽(yáng)】22. The car _ by the policeman because the driver was drunk.A. stopped B. was stopped C. were stopped【2011河南省】23. -Excuse me, where is Mr. Browns office? -Sorry, I dont know. I

31、_ here for only a few days. A. work B. worked C. have worked D. will work【家庭作業(yè) 中考真題練習(xí)】1. What _ the noise, Bill? Sorry, I broke my glass. A. isB. wasC. has beenD. will be2. Id like to introduce my best friend to you, Peter. Thank you, Lucy. But we _ already. A. meetB. metC. will meetD. have met3. Ex

32、cuse me, where is Mr. Browns office?Sorry, I dont know. I _ here for a few days. A. workB. workedC. have workedD. will work4. Joe, my close friend, moved to Beijing years ago and I _ him since then. A. dont seeB. didnt seeC. havent seenD. wont see5. _ you ever _ the new Minyuan Stadium? No, I havent

33、. A. Do; visitB. Have; visitedC. Did; visitD. Are; visiting6. Mr. Li will check our homework this afternoon. _ you _ it? Not yet. Im doing it right now. A. Do; finishB. Had; finishedC. Will; finishD. Have finished7. The 2004 World Cup in Brazil makes the whole world crazy and nobody will miss it. I _all the matches so far. A. watchedB. have watchedC. will watchD. am watching8. Do you know if Jack will drive to London this weekend? Jack? Never! He _ driving so far. A. has hatedB. will hateC. hatedD. hates9. My husband always _ me flower every week before we got married, but now he