低合金鋼機(jī)械性能

1、低合金鋼機(jī)械性能 低合金鋼是指在鋼中加入少量合金元素（符合表5-1）由于合金元素的強(qiáng)化作用，低合金結(jié)構(gòu)鋼的屈服點(diǎn)比普通碳素鋼高25-150%，加之大多低碳，而具有良好的塑性韌性和焊接性能，有的還具有耐腐蝕、耐低溫等特性，因此，低合金鋼是一類很有發(fā)展前途的鋼，在鋼的生產(chǎn)中比例越來(lái)越大。 低合金鋼按質(zhì)量和用途分為普通質(zhì)量低合金鋼、優(yōu)質(zhì)低合金鋼、特殊質(zhì)量低合金鋼。 16、一般用途低合金鋼 一般用途低合金結(jié)構(gòu)鋼包括：普通質(zhì)量和優(yōu)質(zhì)低合金結(jié)構(gòu)鋼、普通質(zhì)量低合金鋼是指生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中不規(guī)定特別控制質(zhì)量要求的供一般用途、優(yōu)質(zhì)、在生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中需要特別控制質(zhì)量（例降低硫、磷含量、控制晶粒度，改善表面質(zhì)量等）一般用途低合

2、金鋼結(jié)構(gòu)鋼牌號(hào)由代表屈服點(diǎn)的漢語(yǔ)拼音字母（Q）、屈服點(diǎn)數(shù)值、質(zhì)量等級(jí)符號(hào)（A、B、C、D、E）三個(gè)部分按照順序排列，根據(jù)GB/T1591-94低合金高強(qiáng)度結(jié)構(gòu)鋼牌號(hào)，化學(xué)成分及性能見表5-16和表表5-16、低合金高強(qiáng)度結(jié)構(gòu)鋼牌號(hào)、化學(xué)成分牌號(hào)質(zhì)量等級(jí)化 學(xué) 成 分 ，%CMnSiPSVNbTiAlCrNiQ295A0.160.80-0.150.550.0450.0450.02-0.150.015-0.0600.02-0.20B0.160.80-0.150.550.0400.0400.02-0.150.015-0.0600.02-0.20Q345A0.201.00-1.600.550.0450

3、.0450.02-0.150.015-0.0600.02-0.20B0.201.00-1.600.550.0400.0400.02-0.150.015-0.0600.02-0.20C0.201.00-1.600.550.0350.0350.02-0.150.015-0.0600.02-0.200.015D0.181.00-1.600.550.0300.0300.02-0.150.015-0.0600.02-0.200.015E0.181.00-1.600.550.0250.0250.02-0.150.015-0.0600.02-0.200.015Q390A0.201.00-1.600.550.

4、0450.0450.02-0.200.015-0.0600.02-0.200.300.70B0.201.00-1.600.550.0400.0400.02-0.200.015-0.0600.02-0.200.300.70C0.201.00-1.600.550.0350.0350.02-0.200.015-0.0600.02-0.200.0150.300.70D0.201.00-1.600.550.0300.0300.02-0.200.015-0.0600.02-0.200.0150.300.70E0.201.00-1.600.550.0250.0250.02-0.200.015-0.0600.

5、02-0.200.0150.300.70Q420A0.201.00-1.700.550.0450.0450.02-0.200.015-0.0600.02-0.200.400.70B0.201.00-1.700.550.0400.0400.02-0.200.015-0.0600.02-0.200.400.70C0.201.00-1.700.550.0350.0350.02-0.200.015-0.0600.02-0.200.0150.400.70D0.201.00-1.700.550.0300.0300.02-0.200.015-0.0600.02-0.200.0150.400.70E0.201

6、.00-1.700.550.0250.0250.02-0.200.015-0.0600.02-0.200.0150.400.70Q460A0.201.00-1.700.550.0350.0350.02-0.200.015-0.0600.02-0.200.0150.700.70B0.201.00-1.700.550.0300.0300.02-0.200.015-0.0600.02-0.200.0150.700.70C0.201.00-1.700.550.0250.0250.02-0.200.015-0.0600.02-0.200.0150.700.70 表5-17、低合金高強(qiáng)度結(jié)構(gòu)鋼機(jī)械性能牌號(hào)

7、質(zhì)量等級(jí)屈服點(diǎn)s,MPa抗拉強(qiáng)度b MPa伸長(zhǎng)率s%沖擊功，AKV，（縱向），J 180彎曲試驗(yàn) d=彎心直徑；a=試樣厚度（直徑）厚度（直徑，邊長(zhǎng)）,mm+20C0C-20C-40C1616-3535-5050-100不小于鋼材厚度（直徑），mm不小于1616-100Q295AB295295275275255255235235390-570390-570232334d=2ad=3aQ345ABCDE345345345345345325325325325325295295295295295275275275275275470-630470-630470-630470-630470-630212

8、122222234343427d=2ad=3ad=2ad=3ad=2ad=3ad=2ad=3ad=2ad=3aQ390ABCDE370370370370370370370370370370350350350350350330330330330330490-650490-650490-650490-650490-650191920202034343427d=2ad=3ad=2ad=3ad=2ad=3ad=2ad=3ad=2ad=3aQ420ABCDE420420420420420400400400400400380380380380380360360360360360520-680520-680

9、520-680520-680520-680181819191934343427d=2ad=3ad=2ad=3ad=2ad=3ad=2ad=3ad=2ad=3aQ460CDE460460460440440440420420420400400400550-720550-720550-720171717343427d=2ad=3ad=2ad=3ad=2ad=3a 在舊標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中低合金結(jié)構(gòu)鋼的牌號(hào)用兩位阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字和合金元素符號(hào)及數(shù)字表示，數(shù)字表示平均含碳量（以萬(wàn)分之幾計(jì)）平均合金含量小于1.5%時(shí)，鋼號(hào)中僅標(biāo)明元素符號(hào)，不標(biāo)明含量；平均合金含量為1.5-2.49%、2.5-3.49%時(shí)，相應(yīng)寫成品2、3其

10、牌號(hào)、化學(xué)成分、性能見表5-18和表5-19。表5-18、一般用途低合金結(jié)構(gòu)鋼牌號(hào)、化學(xué)成分（根據(jù)GB1591-881）牌號(hào) 化學(xué)成分，%CMSiVTiNbCuNRESP加入量不大于09MnV0.120.80-1.200.20-0.550.04-0.120.0450.04509MnNb0.120.80-1.200.20-0.550.015-0.0500.0450.04509Mn20.121.40-1.800.20-0.550.0450.04512Mn0.09-0.161.10-1.500.20-0.550.0450.04518Nb0.14-0.220.40-0.800.17-0.370.020

11、-0.0500.0450.04509MnCuPTi0.121.00-1.500.20-0.550.030.20-0.400.0450.05-0.1210MnSiCu0.121.25-1.600.80-1.100.15-0.300.0450.04512MnV0.151.00-1.400.20-0.550.04-0.120.0450.04514MnNb0.12-0.180.80-1.200.20-0.550.015-0.0500.0450.04516Mn0.12-0.201.20-1.600.20-0.550.0450.04516MnRE0.12-0.201.20-1.600.20-0.550.0

12、2-0.200.0450.04510MnPNbRE0.140.80-1.200.20-0.550.015-0.0500.02-0.200.0450.06-0.1215MnV0.12-0.181.20-1.600.20-0.550.04-0.120.0450.04515MnTi0.12-0.181.20-1.600.20-0.550.12-0.200.0450.04516MnVb0.12-0.201.00-1.400.20-0.550.015-0.0500.0450.04514MnVTiRE0.181.30-1.600.20-0.550.04-0.100.09-0.160.02-0.200.04

13、50.04515MnVN0.12-0.201.30-1.700.20-0.550.10-0.200.010-0.0200.0450.045 表5-19、一般用途低合金結(jié)構(gòu)鋼機(jī)械性能（根據(jù)GB1591-88）牌號(hào)鋼材厚度或直徑mm抗拉強(qiáng)度sN/mm2屈服點(diǎn)bN/mm2伸長(zhǎng)率s%180C彎曲試驗(yàn)d=彎心直徑a=試樣厚度沖擊試驗(yàn)溫度CV型沖擊功（縱向），J不小于不小于09MnV16430-58029523d=2a202716-25275d=3a09MnNb16410-56029524d=2a202716-25390-54027523d=3a09Mn216440-59029522d=2a202716-

14、30420-57027522d=3a30-100方、圓鋼410-56025521d=3a12Mn16440-59029522d=2a202716-25430-58027521d=3a25-36400-55025521d=3a36-50390-54023521d=3a50-100方、圓鋼390-54023520d=3a18Nb16470-62034520d=2a202716-25450-60032519d=3a09MnCuPTi16490-64034522d=2a202716-25490-64033521d=3a10MnSiCu4-10490-64034522d=2a202710-20470-6

15、2033522d=2a20-32470-62032522d=3a12MnV16490-64034522d=2a202716-2533521d=3a14MnNb16490-64035521d=2a202716-25470-62033520d=3a16Mn16510-66034522d=2a202716-25490-64032521d=3a25-36470-62031521d=3a36-50470-62029521d=3a50-100方、圓鋼470-62027520d=3a16MnRE16510-66034522d=2a202716-25490-64032521d=3a10MnPNbRE10510

16、-66039020d=2a202715MnV4550-70041019d=2a20274-16530-68039018d=3a16-25510-66037519d=3a25-36490-64035518d=3a36-50490-64033518d=3a15MnTi25530-68039020d=3a202725-40510-66037520d=3a16MnNb16530-68039020d=2a202716-20510-66037519d=3a14MnVTiRE12550-70044019d=2a202712-20530-68041019d=3a15MnV10590-74044019d=2a202810-25570-72042019d=3a25-38550-70041018d=3a38-50530-68039018d=3a 新舊低合金結(jié)構(gòu)鋼標(biāo)準(zhǔn)牌號(hào)對(duì)照見表5-20表5-20、 新舊低合金結(jié)構(gòu)鋼標(biāo)準(zhǔn)牌號(hào)對(duì)照（參考件）GB/T 1591-94GB1591-88Q29509Mn、V09MnNb、09Mn2、12MnQ34512MnV、14MnNb、16Mn、16MnRE、18NbQ39015MnV、15MnTi、16MnNbQ42015MnVN、14MnVTiREQ460 一般用途低合金結(jié)構(gòu)鋼由于合金元素作用，具有較高強(qiáng)度