2018高中高考英語閱讀理解解題技巧

1、閱讀理解 是英語能力培養(yǎng)的重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目，是考試的一個(gè)重要題型，分值高、題量大。閱讀理解考查的根本是檢驗(yàn)學(xué)生對有關(guān)信息的加工能力。 閱讀理解能力的重要標(biāo)志是閱讀速度和理解力的正確率。 因此，閱讀理解的功夫應(yīng)下在平時(shí)。多分析題型，多了解考點(diǎn)，真正做到有的放矢，提高命中率。有關(guān)閱讀理解題目主要有以下幾種:推 理 判 斷 型詞 義 猜 測 型事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型 主旨大意型命 題 類 主旨大意題干擾項(xiàng) 可能是文中某個(gè)具體事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)。干擾項(xiàng) 可能是從文中某些 (不完全的) 事 實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)片面推出的錯(cuò)誤結(jié)論。干擾項(xiàng) 可能屬非文章事實(shí)的主觀臆斷。(正確) : 據(jù)文章全面理解而歸納概括出來的；不能太籠統(tǒng)、言過其實(shí)或以偏概全。

2、主旨大意題的常見的提問形式:1)What does the writer mainly tell us? 2)Which of the following can summar-ise the main idea of this text?3)Which of the following best expresses the main idea?4)Which is the subject discussed in the text?6)Whats the best title for this passage?練習(xí)-主旨大意題Passage 1 In spite of the fact th

3、at cars from Germany and Japan are flooding the American market, Ford, General Motors and Chrysler are employing more workers than ever before. The flood of cheaper for-eign cars has not cast American autoworkers their jobs as some experts predicted. Ford operates as far as Asia, and General Motors

4、is considered Australians biggest employer. Yet General Motors has its huge American work force and employs hundreds of people every day to meet the needs of an insatiable(不能滿足的）society.Question: Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the paragraphA. GM is one of the large

5、st car producers.B. Ford operates not only in the U.S.A., but also in Asia.C. The foreign cars have not taken away the jobs of American autoworkers.D. The flood of the cheaper foreign cars is terrible for American autoworkers.【解析】答案為C。take sth. away of sb.和 cast sb. sth. 的意思相似。 本段落以一、二句引出要表達(dá)的主題，在主題句

6、出現(xiàn)后，再舉例子陳述細(xì)節(jié)或繼續(xù)論證。 尋找主題句往往是做好此類題的關(guān)鍵。每段的主題句(常在首句、尾句、首尾句、段落中和歸納分析)一般都用來表示一個(gè)段落的主旨大意。事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題 解題原則：忠實(shí)于原文上下文及全篇的邏輯關(guān)系，決不能主觀臆斷。事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型 文章中心是論點(diǎn)，事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)是論據(jù)或主要理由；有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)的問題常對文中某個(gè)詞語、某句子、某段落等細(xì)節(jié)及事實(shí)進(jìn)行提問，所提問題一般可直接或間接在文章中找到答案。 提問的特殊疑問詞常有：what, who, which, where, how, why 等。 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題干擾項(xiàng) 范圍過大、過小 。干擾項(xiàng) 偷換概念。干擾項(xiàng) 正誤并存，某個(gè)分句是正確的。解題方法 :

7、原文定位法。1. 查讀法：帶著問題尋找答案，把注意力集中在與who, what, when, where問題有關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié)上。2. 細(xì)心！ 在閱讀理解中，要求查找主要事實(shí)和特定細(xì)節(jié)問題常有以下幾種命題方式：1）Which of the following statements is true?2）Which of the following is not mentioned in the text?3）The author ( or the passage) states that_.4）According to the passage, when ( where, why, how, who,

8、what, which, etc.)_?練習(xí)-事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型 Passage2 The human body is a living machine, and like all machines, it needs fuel to supply it with energy. That is the food we eat. But how much do we need to stay healthy? The energy value of food is usually measured in calories. A calorie is the amount of heat require

9、d to raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1. The number of calories people need per day is different, as the chart shows CALORIESNEEDEDPERDAYBaby750Officeworker2,700Childaged82,100Womanfeedingbaby2,700Manover702,100Boyaged163,000Woman3,600Farmer2,600 Q1) _ calories are required to raise the temp

10、erature of 5kg of water from 35to 90. A. 55 B. 175 C. 325 D. 275 Q2) Which statement is TRUE according to the chart above?A. A child aged 8 requires more than 3 times the amount of calories that a baby does. B. A boy aged 16 requires nearly twice the amount of calories that a boy aged 8 does. C. An

11、office worker requires the same amount of calories per day as a woman feeding a baby does. D. A farmer requires nearly 1.5 times the amount of calories that an office worker does.【解析】答案為 D 。 根據(jù)文章細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容，計(jì)算公式為： (90-35)51=275【解析】答案為 C 。 根據(jù)文章圖表，依次驗(yàn)證A、B、C、D 四個(gè)答案的內(nèi)容是否正確。很易找出 C 符合圖表內(nèi)容。 釋義法 對文章中的生詞用定語（從句）、表語甚

12、至于用逗號(hào)、破折號(hào)等標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)引出并加以解釋說明。 情景推斷法、代詞替代法等 同義法 常在詞或短語之間有并列連詞and或or，它們連接的兩項(xiàng)內(nèi)容在含義上是接近的或遞進(jìn)的，由此可以推測。詞義猜測型 反義法 如 hot and cold, give and receive等，或前句為肯定，后句為否定。總之，詞與詞間都起著互為線索的作用。 詞義猜測題做題要領(lǐng)1）文中找線索或信息詞;2) 根據(jù)熟悉的詞及詞義判斷新單詞之意； 3）根據(jù)上下文判斷新詞匯在特定句中確切意思。4. 特別注意熟詞新意！-詞義猜測型Q: Which of the following is closest in meaning to

13、the underlined word “illiterate” A. repeat B. reiterated C. uneducated D. sick Passage3: Most women in Ghana the educated and illiterate, the urban and rural, the young and old work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers. Their reputation for economic inde

14、pendence, self-reliance, and hard work is well known and well deserved(應(yīng)得的，值得的). 這段文字中講到加納這個(gè)國家中 的大多數(shù)婦女，受過教育的 （educated）和沒有受過教育的 （illiterate）；住在城市的 （urban）和住在農(nóng)村的（rural），年輕的（young）和年長的（old）正好是一對對反義詞。因此選 C 項(xiàng)。 推理判斷題：高考重頭戲，20個(gè)題中常有6-8個(gè)，著重考查學(xué)生歸納概括、邏輯推理等綜合能力。推理判斷型 透過現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)，領(lǐng)悟作者思想傾向、觀點(diǎn)、立場、語氣及態(tài)度等。 以原文內(nèi)容為前提，據(jù)作者

15、的觀點(diǎn)理論（非考生觀點(diǎn)），客觀地對文中未明顯說明的現(xiàn)象或事例給予合理的邏輯推斷，做出一定解釋。推斷判斷題推理判斷題（做題要領(lǐng)） 既要求學(xué)生透過文章表面文字信息推測文章隱含意思，又要求學(xué)生對作者的態(tài)度、意圖及文章細(xì)節(jié)的發(fā)展作正確的推理判斷，力求從作者的角度去考慮，不要固守自己的看法或觀點(diǎn)。推理判斷型常見的命題方式有： The passage implies (暗示) that_. We can conclude (得出結(jié)論) from the passage that_.Which of the following can be inferred (推論)?What is the tone (語

16、氣) of the author ?What is the purpose (目的) of this passage?The passage is intended to _.Where would this passage most probably appear? 【練習(xí)】-推理判斷型 Passage4 The concept (n. 觀念 ) of personal choice in relation to health behaviors is an important one. About 90 percent of all illnesses might be preventab

17、le if individual (n. 個(gè)人 ) made sound ( adj. 健康的 ) personal health choices based upon present (adj.現(xiàn)在的) medical knowledge. We all enjoy our freedom of choice and do not like to see it limited when it is within the legal (adj. 法律的 ) and moral boundaries ( n.界限 ) of society. The structure of American s

18、ociety allows us to make almost all our own personal decisions that may affect our health. If we do desire, we can smoke , drink much, refuse to wear seat belts, eat whatever food we want, and live a completely sedentary (adj. 久坐的，勞心的 ) lifestyle without any exercise. Q: The concept of personal choi

19、ce about health is important because_. A. personal health choices help cure most illnesses. B. it helps raise the level of our medical knowledge. C. it is basic to personal freedom in American society. D. wrong decisions could lead to poor health.解析：據(jù)前兩句可以得知，不良的選擇會(huì)導(dǎo)致健康狀況變壞，因此答案選 D 。選出的答案一定要在原文中找到依據(jù)或

20、理由，不能只憑常識(shí)或自己主觀胡亂推測。 Passage5 A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement (n.成績 ) ends up with uninspired students. Eisenberger holds (vi.認(rèn)為). As an exa- mple of the latter (adj. 近來的 ) point ( n.觀點(diǎn) ), he notes ( vi.特別指出 ) growing efforts at major universities to tighten ( v.使變得更緊 ) grading standards (及格標(biāo)準(zhǔn) ) and restore ( vt.恢復(fù)使用 ) failing grades (不及格分?jǐn)?shù)或標(biāo)準(zhǔn) ).Q: It can be inferred from the passage that major universities are trying to tighten their grading standards because they believe_.rewarding poor performance ( n.成績 ) ma