非謂語-動名詞ppt課件

1、If theres any kind of magic in this world, it must be in the attempt of understanding someone, sharing something,如果世上真的有什么奇跡， 那么一定是去理解他人和與人分享,非謂語動詞的類型,Infinitive 不定式,Gerund 動名詞,Participle 分詞,Non-finite,ing 分詞,ed 分詞,Gerund,一. Structure： doing Negative： not doing,二. 時態(tài)和語態(tài),making,having made (不作定語,bein

2、g made,having been made (不作定語,三、動名詞與現在分詞,動名詞與現在分詞同形（v-ing），但是，兩者有各自的語法名稱和作用： 1）當v-ing形式在句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語時，被稱為動名詞gerund。 2）當v-ing形式在句中作狀語、賓語補足語、表語、定語時，被稱為現在分詞(PP)。 可見，二者都可以作表語和定語,一）作表語時的區(qū)別,1、現在分詞作表語表示主語的特征或屬性； 2、動名詞作表語表示主語的內容、功能等,The news is exciting. (現在分詞表特征） Her work is nursing children. （動名詞表內容） He

3、r favorite job is teaching English.動名詞表內容） The story sounds interesting. (現在分詞表特征,二）作定語時的區(qū)別,1、動名詞作定語表示所修飾名詞的作用、用途等，常常放在所修飾名詞之前； 2、現在分詞作定語表示它所修飾的名詞的動作，被修飾名詞與現在分詞在邏輯上是主謂關系，說明所修飾的詞、所代表的人或物所做的動作或特征；單個分詞作定語，位于所修飾的名詞之前，分詞短語作定語放在所修飾的名詞之后,1.flying fish = fish which can fly 飛魚（現在分詞） 2.flying suit = suit for

4、flying 飛行衣（動名詞,四. 在句中承擔的成分,1. 作主語,2. 作賓語,3. 作定語,4. 作表語,Collecting information is very important to business,1.作主語,Seeing is believing,e.g,What made him so unhappy? -_ the ticket for the football match,Having been lost B. Lost C. Because of losing D. Losing,Key : _,D,Losing the ticket for the footbal

5、l match made him so unhappy,對著打翻了的牛奶哭是沒用的。 Crying over the spilt milk is no use. It is no use crying over the spilt milk. 類似的還有： It is no good doing sth. It is no use doing sth,I enjoy learning English. How about meeting outside the theatre,2.作賓語,Vt. Prep,doing,下列動詞通常用ing形式作賓語,admit, appreciate, den

6、y, resist, stand, imagine, suggest, mind, finish, enjoy, keep, practise, miss, avoid, delay, excuse, escape, consider, cant help, 等。 如:1） 你介意我在這兒抽煙嗎? Would you mind my smoking here ? 2）這女孩被告知每天練習三個小時的鋼琴. The girl was told to practise playing the piano for three hours every day 3） Good news keeps com

7、ing,下列V.+prep.通常用ing形式作賓語,尤其注意介詞to,e.g. insist on, prevent from, depend on, feel like, be fond of, succeed in, be proud of, excuse for , apologize for, look forward to, object to , be used to, be opposed to, etc,Prep. 后通常用ing形式作賓語,e.g. The boy stood still without _ (dare) to raise his head because o

8、f _ (break) a vase,daring,having broken,to do 和doing 的區(qū)別,remember to do remember doing forget to do forget doing stop to do stop doing go on to do go on doing try to do 努力 try doing 試著 regret to do regret doing mean to do mean doing,注意: 動詞如： permit ,allow，admit，forbid，imagine，consider 有不同的用法,V + sb

9、to do sth its too narrow. I forbid smoking in my house We do not permit smoking in the office,3.作表語,My hobby is collecting stamps and fishing. His job is teaching,Whats the difference between them,Im fishing,My hobby is fishing,動名詞,現在分詞,4.作定語,a walking stick A swimming pool A sleeping car,區(qū)別,The wal

10、king man The swimming girl The sleeping boy,動名詞修飾名詞表示名詞的功能,現在分詞修飾名詞表示該名詞所處的狀態(tài),動名詞表示被動意義（P247,在動詞或詞組need, want, require, be worth, deserve, etc. 后的動名詞表示被動意義相當于動詞不定式的被動形式: Your composition needs improving. Your composition needs to be improved. The book is worth reading a second time. The book is wort

11、hy to be read/of being read a second time,Exercise,ing分詞(以make為例,ed 分詞,Having made,making,being made,Having been made,made,X,X,X,分詞在句中承擔的成分,由于分詞具有形容詞性和副詞性,在句子中不能充當具有名詞特征的主語和賓語,1.作定語,the sun which is rising,ing分詞和-ed分詞修飾名詞有 前置位 Having done Having been done e.g. 1.Used as a means of traffic in China,

12、the bike is very useful. 2. Having been used for many years, the bike needs repairing,More exercises,主句,強調時間先后,1)The president promised to keep all the board members_ (inform) of how the negotiations were going on 2)_(be) there more than once, the old professor offered to show us around the newly-bu

13、ilt library. 3)_(invite)to go to camping, Paul ordered a new sleeping bag 4)_ (not know) his telephone number, she lost touch with him,informed,Having been,Having been invited,Not knowing,分詞的邏輯主語: 分詞的邏輯主語一般為_,但當分詞的動作執(zhí)行者和句子的動作執(zhí)行者不一致時，分詞前必須有自己的主語，e.g. If weather permits, we will have a field trip. Wea

14、ther permitting, well have a field trip tomorrow 這被稱為_。 時間允許,我們將在去杭州的路上順道看一下我叔叔. Time permitting, we will visit my uncle on my way to Hangzhou,主句的主語,分詞的獨立結構,但有些分詞作狀語屬習慣用法，分詞的邏輯主語和句子的主語可以不一致。 如：Judging from the expression on his face, he had failed the driving test again Generally speaking ,girls are

15、 more careful than boys . 類似的還有: Speaking of Talking of,1.The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.(2004) A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt 2.The disc, digitally _ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.(2004) A. recorded

16、B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded 3. Generally speaking, _ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.(2003) A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken,B,B,A,4._ a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having re

17、ceived D. Having not received,C,5.Before _, the machine must be checked. being used B. using it C. being used to D. using,A,6._ better attention , the vegetables could have grown better with the sun shining brightly in the sky and _ them light. A. Giving; given B. Given; given C. Giving; giving D. G

18、iven; giving,D,1._ in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose,C,陷入深思”有兩種表達法， A. Lose oneself in thought B. be lost in thought,綜合練習,5) Victor apologized his_ (not be) able to inform me of the change in the plan. 6) After his journey from abroad,

19、 Richard Jones returned home,_ (exhaust). 7) The discovery of new evidence led to the thief_ (catch). 8) Generally_ (speak), When _(take) according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. 9) She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role_ (play) in making the earth a b

20、etter place_ (live,not being,exhausted,being caught,speaking,taken,to play,to play,10 ) Though_ (lack) money, his parents managed_ (send) him to university. 11) - How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? - The key_ (solve) the problem is _(meet) the demand _(make)

21、 by the customers. 12) With a lot of difficult problems_ (settle), the newly-elected president is having a hard time. 13) _ (suffer) such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late_ (clear) up the river. 14) Do let your mother_(know) all the truth. She appears_ (tell) everything,lacking,to send

22、,to solving,to meet,made,to settle,Having suffered,to clear,know,to have been told,16) Sandy could do nothing but_ (admit) to his teacher that he was wrong. 17) Mr. Reed made up his mind _(devote) all he had to_ (set) up some schools for poor children. 18) One learns a language by_ (make) mistakes a

23、nd_ (correct) them. 19) Ive worked with children before, so I know what_ (expect) in my new job. 20) Tony was very unhappy for_ (not invite) to the party,admit,to devote,setting,making,correcting,to expect,not having been invited,21)_ (give) the general state of his health, it may take him a while_

24、(recover) from the operation. 22) There are five pairs of shoes_ (choose) from, but Im at a loss which_ (buy). 23) Cleaning women in big cities usually get_ (pay) by the hour. 24) What worried the child most was his_ (not allow) visit his mother in the hospital 25 ) He claimed_ (treat) in the superm

25、arket when he was doing shopping yesterday,Given,to recover,to choose,to buy,paid,not being allowed,to have badly treated,26) _ (fetch) water before breakfast seemed to me a rule never_ (break). 27) While_ (shop), people sometimes cant help _(persuade) into buying something they dont really need. 28) She looks forward every spring to_ (walk) in the flower-lined ga