(完整版)最全的高中英語主謂一致講解及練習(xí)_(精華版)(可編輯修改word版)

1、高中英語之“主謂一致”（*）主謂一致的概念。所謂主謂一致是指“主語和謂語動詞”之間,即（主語的人稱和單復(fù)數(shù)形式）決定著（謂語動詞對應(yīng)的形式）。（一）主謂一致的種類一、【語法一致】1. 兩個或兩個以上單數(shù)名詞或者代詞作主語的時候,謂語動詞有以下兩種情況：(1) 如果指兩個或兩個以上不同的人或事物的時候,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。he and sheboth students of this school.他和她都是這個學(xué)校的學(xué)生。（2）如果連接兩個以上的名詞指的是同一個人或物, 或者指同一概念的時候, 謂語要用單數(shù)。the singer and dancergoing to give us a perfo

2、rmance.那個歌唱家兼舞蹈演員要給我們表演。the knife and forkon the table.刀叉在桌子上。2. 如果主語是的時候,謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)。when he is coming seems very important. 他什么時候要來看起來很重要。collecting stamps is his hobby.收集郵票是他的愛好。to love her is not to break her wings.愛她就不該折斷她自由飛翔的翅膀。.3. 定語從句的在從句中作主語時，要與的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。those who enjoy singing may join us.t

3、om, who is your friend, should help you.with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except, but, including 如果句子中有這些連接詞和主語連用,謂語動詞的數(shù)而變化。例如：the teacher, together with his students, is planting trees in the street.老師和他的學(xué)生們正在街道上植樹。二、意義一致原則指主謂一致取決于主語的其實際意義。（有的主語名詞在形式上是單數(shù), 但在意義上卻是復(fù)

4、數(shù)；有的主語名詞在形式上是復(fù)數(shù),但在意義上卻是單數(shù)。）不定代詞 all, more, some, any, none 作主語,謂語動詞視情況而定。all of the applesrotten.所有的蘋果都爛了。all of the applerotten.整個蘋果都爛了。none of the moneyleft.沒有剩下一點錢。7none of the studentsthere.沒有學(xué)生在那里。2. the rest of; half of; part of; majority of; percent of; one third of 在句子中加名詞作主語的時候,。half of the

5、 studentsfinished their composition.一半的學(xué)生已經(jīng)完成了他們的作文。half of the applebad.一半的蘋果壞了。about 60 percent of the students in our schoolboys.我們學(xué)校, 大約百分之六十的學(xué)生是男生.3. 集合名詞作主語, 動詞可用單數(shù), 也可以用復(fù)數(shù)。主要由句子的意思決定。強調(diào)整體謂語動詞用單數(shù)； 指全體人員時, 動詞則用復(fù)數(shù)。這一類常見的集合名詞有 public, family, class, crowd, population, team, group。his familygoing

6、out.他們?nèi)乙獬?。his familyall music lovers.他們?nèi)胰硕际且魳窅酆谜摺?. 某些名詞如 people, police, cattle 等,形式上是單數(shù), 但意義上是復(fù)數(shù), 謂語動詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。people 指“民族”時是例外。the police are searching for a thief. the cattle are eating grass on the hill.5. 復(fù)合不定代詞作主語, 謂語動詞要用單數(shù)，如 someone ,somebody, something, anybody, anyone,anything, everybody, e

7、veryone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing。someone is asking for you.有人找你。nothing is found in the room.在屋子里什么也沒找到。一些有兩個部分構(gòu)成的名詞表示衣物或工具作主語時，謂語動詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式，例如：glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors 等。但如果主語用“ a kind of, a pair of , a series of 等加名詞”構(gòu)成時，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。如：the pair o

8、f shoes is worn out.這雙鞋破了。the shoes are worn out.鞋子破了。7.某些名詞以 s 結(jié)尾如 maths, politics, physics, news, plastics 等，謂語動詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)。physics is a very interesting subject. 物理是一門很有趣的學(xué)科。如：不定代詞 each, every, no 所修飾的名詞，謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)形式。 every. and every .; each . and each .; no . and no . 在以上短語中 and 連接的單數(shù)名詞, 整個短語在句中作主語時, 謂

9、語動詞常使用單數(shù)。each boy and each girl wants to go to the cinema. each man and each woman is asked to attend.every boy and every girl in the class is diligent.班級中的每個男孩女孩都很用功。no sound and no voice is heard.聽不到任何聲音。9. 以 a number of 作主語時, 謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù); 以 the number of 作主語時, 謂語動詞用單數(shù)。a number of new books are on the

10、 desk. the number of students in you class is 50.10. 有些名詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式一樣, 作主語的時候, 其謂語動詞由上下文決定, 這一類名詞有: means, works, deer, fish, sheep, chinese, japanese 等。not every means is useful. 不是每種方法都好使。not all means are useful. 不是所有的方法都好使。11. 如果主語有 more than one 很多 非?；?many a 許多構(gòu)成，one and a half 與單數(shù)名詞組成的短語。盡管從意義上

11、看是復(fù)數(shù)內(nèi)容，但它的謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)形式。如：more than one student has read the book. many a girl has been there.但是，“more +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+than one”結(jié)構(gòu)之后，謂語動詞一般多用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：more members than one are against your plan. a pair of shoes was on the desk.many a boy has seen it.許多孩子都看到了。12. 書刊名、時間、距離、價格、度量衡等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時, 謂語動詞常用單數(shù)。thirty years is

12、 not a long time. roots is a famous american novel.三、就近原則either . or; neither . nor; not only . but also, whether.or 在句子中連接主語的時候或者在 there be句型中,謂語動詞要和就近的主語保持一致。neither you nor i am wrong.there is a cup of tea and some apples on the table.not only the students but also the teacher wishes for a holida

13、y.四、就前原則as well as, together with, but, except,like,besides，ratherthan 在句子中連接主語的時候,謂語動詞要與前面的主語保持一致everybody except you is down on me. 除了你，大家都看不起我。a woman with two children has come. 一位婦女帶著兩個孩子已經(jīng)來了john, rather than his roommates, is to blame. 約翰，而不是他的室友，應(yīng)受責(zé)備jim, together with his classmates, has seen

14、 the film. 吉姆和他的同學(xué)都看看過這電影注意事項this kind of book = a book of this kind (這種書) , 其謂語用單數(shù); 短語 this kind of men = men of this kind = these kind of men (口語) (這一類人), 但 this kind of men 的謂語用單數(shù), men of this kind 和these kind of men 的謂語用復(fù)數(shù), all kinds of 后跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞, 謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：this kind of men is dangerous. men of th

15、is kind are dangerous.2. 在主謂倒裝的句子中,謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語一致。例如:between the two windows hangs a picture.3. “分數(shù)或百分數(shù)+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語以及由“ a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, a heap of, heaps of, half of + 名詞”構(gòu)成的短語作主語時,其謂語動詞要與短語中 of 后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致,這是因為短語中后面的名詞是中心詞,而短語中前面的量詞是修飾語。例如:lots of damage was caused b

16、y fire.about three-fourths of the earths surface is covered with water. three-fifths of the workers here are women.和這種情況類似的還有“a number of + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)”。但是,“the number of + 名詞”的中心詞卻是number。試比較：a number of students have gone to the countryside to help with the autumn harvest. the number of pages in this boo

17、k is two hundred.a (large) quantity of 修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞, 其短語作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。a large quantity of people is needed here.quantities of 修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,其短語作主語時,謂語動詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:quantities of food (nuts) were on the table.短語 in quantity, in large quantities 意為 “大量”; in small quantities 意為“少量”。4. a great deal of, a large a

18、mount of, 修飾不可數(shù)名詞, 其短語作主語時, 謂語動詞通常用單數(shù); large amounts of 修飾不可數(shù)名詞, 其短語作主語時, 謂語動詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:5. 表示數(shù)量的 one and a half 后, 名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式, 但是其短語作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：one and a half bananas is left on the table. 6.單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語時，依照意義一致的原則，表示單數(shù)意義時，謂語用單數(shù)；反之，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。這類名詞有：sheep, deer, means(方法、手段),works(工廠),species(種類)7.在主謂

19、倒裝的句子中，謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語一致。如：between the two windows hangs a picture.高中英語主謂一致專項練習(xí)題及答案從 a、b、c、d 四個選項中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。1. one-third of the areacovered with green trees. about seventy percent of the treesbeen planted.a. are; haveb. is; hasc. is; haved. are; has2. the number of teachers in our collegegreatly

20、 increased last term.a number of teachers in this schoolfrom the countryside.a. was; isb. was; arec. were; ared. were; is3. whatthe population of china? one-third of the populationworkers here.a. is; areb. are; arec. is; isd. are; is4. not only he but also weright. he as well as weright.a. are; areb

21、. are; isc. is; isd. is; are5. what hed likea digital watch. what hed liketextbooks.a. are; areb. is; isc. is; ared. are; is6. he is one of the boys whohere on time. he is the only one of the boys whohere on time.a. has come; have comeb. have come; has comec. has come; has comed. have come; have com

22、e7. either you or heinterested in playing chess.you or he fond of music at present?a. are; areb. is; arec. are; isd. is; is8. many a professorlooking forward to visiting germany now. many scientistsstudied animals and plants in the last two years.a. is; haveb. is; hasc. are; haved. is; are9. a knife

23、 and a forkon the table. a knife and forkon the table.a. is; isb. are; arec. are; isd. is; are10. her familymuch larger than mine four years ago. her familydancing and singing when i came in last night.a. were; wasb. was; werec. was; wasd. were; were11. how and why jack came to chinanot known. when

24、and where to build the new library not been decided.a. is; hasb. are; hasc. is; haved. are; have12. now tom together with his classmatesfootball on the playground.a. playb. are playingc. playsd. is playing13. two hundred and fifty poundstoo unreasonable a price for a second-hand car.a. isb. arec. we

25、red. be14. all but dickin class three this term.a. areb. isc. wered. was15. soon after the earthquake, every man, woman and childabout it.a. were talkingb. was talkingc. talkd. talks16. we eachstrong points and each of us on the other handweak points.a. have; haveb. has; havec. has; hasd. have; has1

26、7. my friend and classmate paulmotorcycles in his spare time.a. raceb. racesc. is racedd. is racing18. therea pen, two pencils, and three books on the desk.a. areb. isc. hasd. have19. the factory, including its machines and buildings,burnt last night.a. isb. arec. wered. was20. climbing hillsof grea

27、t help to health.a. isb. arec. wered. be21. time and tidefor no man.a. waitb. waitedc. is waitingd. has waited22. the injured in the tsunamigood care of by some medical teams.a. is takenb. are being takenc. are takingd. is being taken23. it is not j. k. rowling but her works thatus excited.a. makesb

28、. is madec. maked. are made24. on the closeta pair of trousers his parents bought for his birthday.a. lyingb. liesc. lied. is laid25. each man and each womanasked to help when the fire broke out.a. isb. wasc. ared. were26. about 60 percent of the studentsfrom the south; the rest of themfrom the nort

29、h and foreign countries.a. are; isb. is; isc. is; ared. are; are27. is there anybody in the classroom ?no, the teacher, together with the studentsto the playground.a. gob. wentc. has goned. have gone28. are these your sheep ?no. mineon grass at the foot of the hill.a. are feedingb. feedc. is fedd. i

30、s feeding29. sitting at the back of the room but in front of some old men and womena very shy girl with two bright eyes.a. wasb. arec. wered. there was30. mr. bush, together with his wife and daughtergoing to japan next week.a. areb. isc. will bed. would be31. not the teacher but the studentsexcited

31、.a. isb. hasc. ared. have32. as i have a meeting at four, ten minutesall that i can spare to talk with you.a. areb. wasc. isd. were33. of the land in that districtcovered with trees and grass.a. two fifth; isb. two fifths; arec. two fifth; ared. two fifths; is答案及部分解析：1-5 cbabc6-10 bbacb 11-15 adaab

32、16-20 dbbda21-26 abcbbd27- 33 c a a b c c d1. “分數(shù)或百分數(shù)+of the+名詞或代詞”作主語時，謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于名詞或代詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式。2. “the number of+名詞”作主語，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)形式?！癮 number of+名詞” 作主語，謂語動詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。3. “分數(shù)或百分數(shù)+of the population”作主語，謂語動詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。4. or, either.or, neither.nor, not only.but also 等(關(guān)聯(lián))連詞連接兩個并列主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)按“就近原則”處理。注意：即使在疑

33、問句中，動詞的數(shù)也應(yīng)與最近的主語保持一致。as well as 連接兩個并列主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與前一主語保持一致。5. what 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句作主語時，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)形式。但當(dāng)作表語的名詞為復(fù)數(shù)，或 what 從句是一個具有復(fù)數(shù)意義的并列結(jié)構(gòu)時，謂語動詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式,如：what i say and think are nobusiness of yours.6. 在“one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句”的結(jié)構(gòu)中，定語從句中謂語動詞常用復(fù)數(shù)；在“the （only）one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句”的結(jié)構(gòu)中，定語從句中謂語動詞常用單數(shù)。8. “many a +單數(shù)名詞，more t

34、han one+單數(shù)名詞”作主語，盡管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù)，但謂語常用單數(shù)形式。9. 通常情況下，由 and 或 bothand 連接兩個單數(shù)形式的名詞（詞組）作主語時，謂語動詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。當(dāng)并列主語在意義上指同一人、同一物、同一事或同一概念時，謂語動詞則常用單數(shù)形式。10. 第一句的 her family 應(yīng)理解為“她的家庭”；第二句中的 her family 應(yīng)理解為“她一家人”。12. 當(dāng)主語后有 together with, but, rather than, including 等引導(dǎo)的詞組時,謂語動詞的數(shù)由主語的數(shù)來決定。13. 表示度量、時間等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時，往往把其看作一個整體，謂語動詞采用單數(shù)形式。16. 第一空前 each 作同位語，不影響謂語動詞的數(shù)；第二空 each 為主語部分的中心詞，謂語動詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。18. there be 句型中，謂語動詞的數(shù)按“就近原則”處理。20. 非謂語動詞短語作主語時，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)形式。21. time and tide wait(s) for no man.時不待人。22. “the+形容詞/-ing 形式/-ed 分詞”作主語表示“一類人”時，謂語動詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。再者，此處應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)。24. 題干為倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。a pair of trousers 為主語部分的中心詞，謂語動詞應(yīng)用單