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1、2018年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) 考點(diǎn)通關(guān)練 專題三 閱讀理解 考點(diǎn)十七 生態(tài)環(huán)保類2018年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) 考點(diǎn)通關(guān)練 專題三 閱讀理解 考點(diǎn)十七 生態(tài)環(huán)保類 編輯整理:尊敬的讀者朋友們:這里是精品文檔編輯中心,本文檔內(nèi)容是由我和我的同事精心編輯整理后發(fā)布的,發(fā)布之前我們對(duì)文中內(nèi)容進(jìn)行仔細(xì)校對(duì),但是難免會(huì)有疏漏的地方,但是任然希望(2018年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) 考點(diǎn)通關(guān)練 專題三 閱讀理解 考點(diǎn)十七 生態(tài)環(huán)保類)的內(nèi)容能夠給您的工作和學(xué)習(xí)帶來(lái)便利。同時(shí)也真誠(chéng)的希望收到您的建議和反饋,這將是我們進(jìn)步的源泉,前進(jìn)的動(dòng)力。本文可編輯可修改,如果覺(jué)得對(duì)您有幫助請(qǐng)收藏以便隨時(shí)查閱,最后祝您生活愉快 業(yè)績(jī)進(jìn)步
2、,以下為2018年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) 考點(diǎn)通關(guān)練 專題三 閱讀理解 考點(diǎn)十七 生態(tài)環(huán)保類的全部?jī)?nèi)容。20考點(diǎn)十七生態(tài)環(huán)保類a限時(shí)7分thousands of cities around the globe turned off their lights for an hour to mark 2014 earth hour, a symbolic show of support for the environment organized by the world wide fund for nature。since the movement began in sydney, australia,
3、 in 2007, it has spread to more than 7,000 cities across more than 160 countries. singapore continues to hold one of the worlds largest lights.off events, drawing around 9,000 people this year to marina bay sands, a commercial center typically awash in electricity。to mark the event, actors andrew ga
4、rfield, jamie foxx, emma stone and a group of other famous stars from the amazing spiderman 2 movie were in town.other iconic landmarks that fell dark included the petronas twin towers in kuala lumpur, bangkoks wat arun temple, the empire state building in new york, the eiffel tower in paris, sydney
5、 opera house, red square in moscow, the birds nest in beijing and hong kong harbor。as the movement has grown, more organizations and business have committed to switching off their lights in support of efforts to reduce their environmental footprint. in singapore, at least 600 organizations and compa
6、nies agreed to either switch off their lights or participate in movements to use fewer plastic bags, take shorter showers, turn off their air.conditioning units or switch to led lighting.this year the world wide fund for nature, which first launched worldwide earth hour, also launched earth hour blu
7、e, a crowdfunding platform aimed at raising money for environmental projects around the globe。 on mar。26, a project to stop the illegal wildlife trade in asia by providing assistance to wildlife rangers became the first one to reach its target of 20,000 by relying completely on crowdfunding.the hour
8、。long event has little if any impact on electricity consumption, but as an awareness raising event it has registered success。in a statement to mark saturdays event, andy ridley, ceo and cofounder of earth hour, said asias rapidly growing digital presence is an added bonus that has helped power our m
9、ovement.篇章導(dǎo)讀:本文是一篇記敘文。全球數(shù)千座城市響應(yīng)了2014年的“地球一小時(shí)”(earth hour)熄燈活動(dòng).這是一項(xiàng)由世界自然基金會(huì)(world wide fund for nature) 發(fā)起的象征性的環(huán)保運(yùn)動(dòng)。許多名人和著名景點(diǎn)都響應(yīng)了這項(xiàng)活動(dòng)。1which of the following may serve as the best title of the passage?a2014 earth hour bsave our earthclights。off event dearth hour blue答案a標(biāo)題判斷題.根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容可知,全球數(shù)千座城市響應(yīng)了2014年
10、的“地球一小時(shí)”熄燈活動(dòng)。在下文中也是圍繞這一主題展開(kāi)。故選a.2we can infer from the report that _.aaustralia and singapore were the first two countries to launch earth hourbmore than 7,000 cities from 160 countries took part in 2014 earth hourcsome famous movie stars from the amazing spider。man 2 were invited to singapore to ce
11、lebrate the eventdthe world wide fund for nature first organized earth hour worldwide答案d推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“.organized by the world wide fund for nature?!币约暗箶?shù)第三段第一句中“this year the world wide fund for nature, which first launched worldwide earth hour,.。”可推斷,世界自然基金會(huì)最先組織了世界范圍的“地球一小時(shí)”熄燈活動(dòng)。故選d。3how many differe
12、nt specific places are mentioned in the text to have participated in 2014 earth hour across the world?a7。 b8。 c9。 d10.答案c細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句中提到的marina bay sands,以及第四段中提到的“petronas twin towers in kuala lumpur, bangkoks wat arun temple, the empire state building in new york, the eiffel tower in paris, syd
13、ney opera house, red square in moscow, the birds nest in beijing and hong kong harbor”可知,一共提到九個(gè)地點(diǎn)。故選c。4based on the report, which of the following statements is not correct?amarina bay sands is a commercial center located in singapore.bearth hour blue is a platform intended to collect money for envi
14、ronmental projects around the globe.candy ridley is the chief executive officer of earth hour and one of its founders。dled lighting is an energy。saving device which doesnt use electricity.答案d推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段內(nèi)容可知,越來(lái)越多的組織和企業(yè)通過(guò)熄燈來(lái)支持環(huán)保行動(dòng)。在新加坡,至少有600個(gè)組織和企業(yè)同意關(guān)閉燈光,或參加減少塑料袋使用、縮短沐浴時(shí)間、關(guān)掉空調(diào)設(shè)備及改用led(發(fā)光二極管)燈等活動(dòng).由此處并結(jié)
15、合常識(shí)可推斷,led lighting是一種節(jié)能設(shè)備,但并不是不用電.故選d。1symbolic adj。 象征的2commit vi. 保證;承諾3participate vi. 參加1turn off 關(guān)閉2.in support of 支持原文:in singapore, at least 600 organizations and companies agreed to either switch off their lights or participate in movements to use fewer plastic bags, take shorter showers, t
16、urn off their air.conditioning units or switch to led lighting.(含并列的動(dòng)詞不定式的簡(jiǎn)單句)譯文:在新加坡,至少600個(gè)組織和企業(yè)同意要么關(guān)掉燈,要么參加各種運(yùn)動(dòng),比如:盡量少用塑料袋,縮短淋浴時(shí)間,關(guān)掉空調(diào)設(shè)備或者換成led照明。仿寫(xiě):i_want_to_call_on_my_teacher_and_ask_him_some_questions。我想去拜訪我的老師并問(wèn)他幾個(gè)問(wèn)題。b限時(shí)7分environmental problems are becoming more and more serious all over the
17、world。 for example, cars have made the air unhealthy for people to breathe and poisonous gas is given off by factories。 waste water is being poured continuously into rivers. furthermore, wherever we go today, we can find rubbish carelessly disposed。there are different kinds of pollutants, which come
18、 from different sources。 it is necessary to identify the sources of pollution, in order to make a policy to eliminate them。different products, processes and activities of our industrialized world together form the major sources of pollution。 the forms of pollution can be mainly divided into three ki
19、ndssolid, liquid and gas。the pollution has greatly damaged our planet and continues to do so。 in fact, pollution is threatening our existence。 the whole ecological balance of the earth is changing。 massive destructionof environment has brought about negative effects and even posed a great threat to
20、mans existence。we must face the situation that exists and take action to solve our environmental problems。 for instance, new laws must be passed to strictly control industrial pollution, and the public must receive the education about the danger of pollution and so on.the earth is our home and we ha
21、ve the duty to take care of it for ourselves and our later generations. fortunately, more and more people have realized these problems. measures have been taken to deal with these situations by the government。 laws have been passed to stop pollution。 i hope the problems will be solved in the near fu
22、ture and our home will become better and better.篇章導(dǎo)讀:本文是說(shuō)明文。全文講述的是日益嚴(yán)重的環(huán)境問(wèn)題及人們采取的應(yīng)對(duì)措施。5how many examples of environmental problems are given in paragraph 1?a2。b3. c4. d5。答案c細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)第一段的for example后面的內(nèi)容可知,一共是4個(gè)例子:汽車排放尾氣、工廠排放有毒氣體、污水不斷被排入河流以及隨意丟棄的垃圾.故選c。6which of the following is true according to the
23、passage?ain all there are three kinds of pollution.bif people continue to pollute our planet, there will be no trees.cindustrial pollution has been completely controlled.dlaws have been passed to stop pollution and protect our environment.答案d細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)最后一段倒數(shù)第二句“l(fā)aws have been passed to stop pollution。
24、”可知,d項(xiàng)正確。由第三段中最后一句中的mainly可知,a項(xiàng)表述有誤;b、c兩項(xiàng)是典型的以偏概全,應(yīng)排除。7the writers attitude towards the future of the earth is _.aobjective bnegative cpositivedneutral答案c觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題.根據(jù)最后一段最后一句中的“our home will become better and better”可知,作者對(duì)地球的未來(lái)還是樂(lè)觀的。1continuously adv。 連續(xù)不斷地2identify vt. 識(shí)別;確認(rèn)3destruction n。 破壞;毀滅1give o
25、ff 發(fā)出(光)等2take action to do sth. 采取行動(dòng)做某事原文:massive destruction of environment has brought about negative effects and even posed a great threat to mans existence.(and連接并列謂語(yǔ))譯文:對(duì)環(huán)境的巨大破壞已經(jīng)帶來(lái)了消極的影響并且甚至對(duì)人類的生存造成了威脅。仿寫(xiě):she felt ill。 she_went_to_work,_however, and_tried_to_concentrate。她病了.然而她照舊去上班,并且盡力集中精力工
26、作。c限時(shí)8分about 5,000 children die each day because of preventable diseases such as cholera and dysentery (痢疾), which spread when people use unclean water for drinking or cooking. a lack of water for personal health leads to the spread of totally preventable diseases like trachoma, which has blinded so
27、me six million people.water troubles also trap many low。income families in a cycle of poverty and poor education and the poorest suffer most from lack of access to water。 people who spend much of their time on ill health, caring for sick children, or collecting water at a distance averaging 3。75 mil
28、es a day dont have educational and economic chances to better their lives. agriculture is called the lions share of freshwater worldwide, using some 70 percent, and industrial use needs another 22 percent. water areas have no political borders and nations dont always work together to share common re
29、sources, so water can be a frequent source of international problems as well。 day。by。day demand keeps growing, further needing water sources, from great rivers to groundwater. “were going deeper into debt on our groundwater use,” postel said, “and that has great effects on global water safety. the r
30、ate of groundwater use has doubled since 1960。”some of earths groundwater is fossil water created when earths climate was far different. today such water is as limited as petrol。 “but were pumping much of them out faster than ever,” postel explained. “mans growing thirst also causes a major problem
31、about water and our ecosystems. and that also creates a cost to us, to our sons and to our grandsons, not just to nature.”8what does the author mainly discuss in the passage?awater shortage has been a most serious challenge。bso many children die of polluted water every day.cdiseases should be proper
32、ly controlled and treated。dwasting water leads to the unrest of the world.答案a主旨大意題.本文講述了目前在全世界范圍內(nèi),水資源短缺給人們的健康、生活、經(jīng)濟(jì)等帶來(lái)的災(zāi)難,水資源短缺是人類面臨的一個(gè)重大的挑戰(zhàn).9why is agriculture called the lions share of freshwater?abecause agriculture is much stronger than industry。bbecause more people live on the agricultural prod
33、uce。cbecause agriculture uses about two.thirds of freshwater。dbecause nations dont always work together to save water.答案c細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文中第三段第一句的“using some 70 percent, and industrial use needs another 22 percent”可知,世界上的淡水大約有三分之二的量被農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)耗用。10according to what postel said we can know _.agroundwater is rich f
34、or us to usebthere is no need to dig deep for groundwatercwe are using our next generations waterdwe should use river water instead of groundwater答案c推理判斷題。依據(jù)第四、五段中postel的話,尤其是第五段最后一句“and that also creates a cost to us, to our sons and to our grandsons, not just to nature?!笨芍?,我們正在消耗我們子孫的水資源。11what ca
35、n we infer from the passage?awe shouldnt use water from rivers.bwe should protect our ecosystems。cwater should be distributed equally.dlaws should be passed for groundwater。答案b推理判斷題。由文章尾段倒數(shù)第二句“mans growing thirst also causes a major problem about water and our ecosystems.”可推知,我們要保護(hù)我們的生態(tài)系統(tǒng).1frequent
36、adj. 頻繁的;常見(jiàn)的2demand n&v。 需要;要求1lead to 導(dǎo)致;通向2。suffer from 遭受原文:people who spend much of their time on ill health, caring for sick children, or collecting water at a distance averaging 3。75 miles a day dont have educational and economic chances to better their lives。(定語(yǔ)從句)譯文:每天把大部分時(shí)間花費(fèi)在糟糕的健康狀況、照顧患病的孩
37、子或每天穿越平均3.75英里去取水的人們沒(méi)有更好的受教育機(jī)會(huì)或經(jīng)濟(jì)機(jī)會(huì)來(lái)改善他們的生活。仿寫(xiě):the student who_was_praised_at_the_meeting is the monitor。在會(huì)議上受到表?yè)P(yáng)的那名學(xué)生是班長(zhǎng).d限時(shí)8分our planet earth is comparatively small, with only about 24,902 miles around the equator (赤道)。 its surface area may seem largest at 196,935,000 square miles, but of this, 71
38、 is covered by sea. the actual land surface covers some 57,500,000 square miles 29 of the total surface area.once again, this seems vast until we take into account the largely uninhabited regions such as the huge wastes of the arctic and antarctic, the deserts and wetlands。 these regions are not alw
39、ays totally uninhabited, but they can usually support only very small populations。at present there is still enough space on earth for humans and wildlife, but what of the future? our world cannot grow any larger, yet the human population keeps growing every year! as of july 2008, there were almost 6
40、.7 billion (十億) people on the planet, and current estimates suggest that the population could be as high as 9.1 billion by as soon as 2050。while the birthrate is slowing a little in parts of the northern hemisphere, in many other parts of the world, including developing countries, populations contin
41、ue to grow。 this population explosion is responsible for most world environmental problems today; so whether our main concern is to breathe cleaner air, to drink purer water, to eliminate pollution, to protect wildlife and countryside, to produce more food to eat or to reach a higher standard of liv
42、ing generally, our chances of achieving any of these things become faint as the population increases sharply。 the earths resources are vast but limited. we have a tendency to look to the short。term, rather than seeing the bigger picture of the future。this is why it is so important that young people
43、learn about looking after the planetso that future generations of adults act responsibly with regard to the environment and create a future that is continuable, both for humans and all the other species with which we share our world.篇章導(dǎo)讀:本文是一篇議論文。隨著世界人口的不斷增加,陸地可開(kāi)發(fā)利用的空間越來(lái)越小,我們應(yīng)該保護(hù)我們所生活的地球,使我們的地球家園更加可
44、持續(xù)生存.12what does the author worry about?ahow to find ways to live in uninhabited regions。bthe earth is turning smaller and smaller.cwhether there is enough space for creatures in the future.dwhat people will live on in the future.答案c推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段第一句的疑問(wèn)句“at present there is。what of the future?”可以推斷出,
45、作者對(duì)于未來(lái)的人和野生動(dòng)物是否還有足夠的生存空間感到擔(dān)心。故選c。13according to the text, we can infer that _.athe population will increase by about 0。6 billion every ten yearsbthe birthrate around the equator is a little lowcpopulation explosion is caused by environmental problemsdmore population brings more resources答案a推理判斷題。根據(jù)第
46、三段的最后一句可知,從2008年的大約67億人口到2050年的91億人口,在42年中,人口大約要增長(zhǎng)24億,即每十年大約增長(zhǎng)6億。故選a。由第四段第一句可知,北半球的某些地區(qū)人口出生率偏低,故b項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;由第四段第二句可知,大部分環(huán)境問(wèn)題是由急劇增多的人口造成的,故c項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;d項(xiàng)不合常理。14what does the underlined word “faint” mean?aimportant。bslight.cnecessary。dinteresting。答案b詞義猜測(cè)題。畫(huà)線詞前面提到人們想要呼吸更清潔的空氣、喝更純凈的水、消除污染、保護(hù)野生生物和鄉(xiāng)村、生產(chǎn)出更多的食物或普遍地達(dá)到一個(gè)更
47、高的生活標(biāo)準(zhǔn),而人口數(shù)量的急劇增加,使人們實(shí)現(xiàn)任何事情的機(jī)會(huì)都變得微小了.故可推斷出,faint的意思是“微小的,可能性不大的”,對(duì)比選項(xiàng)可知,slight“微小的”含義與其相近。故選b.15which of the following ideas is suggested by the author?ataking strong measures to control the birthrate。bsaving the earths natural resources.ccalling on the young to care for the planet.dprotecting the e
48、ndangered species。答案c推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章的最后一段可知,作者呼吁年輕人關(guān)愛(ài)地球,以便保護(hù)人類和其他物種未來(lái)的生存空間。故選c.1totally adv. 完全地;全部地2explosion n。 爆炸;擴(kuò)張1o account 考慮;重視2be responsible for 對(duì)負(fù)責(zé)原文:this is why it is so important that young people learn about looking after the planet。(表語(yǔ)從句)譯文:這就是年輕人應(yīng)學(xué)會(huì)關(guān)愛(ài)地球顯得如此重要的原因。仿寫(xiě):i thought, th
49、is_is_why_ive_travelled thousands of miles.我想,這就是我不遠(yuǎn)千里趕來(lái)的原因。a限時(shí)8分2016廣西畢業(yè)班測(cè)試over the past 20 years, scientists studying monarch butterflies (帝王蝶) have noticed that the number of monarch butterflies has dropped by about 90 percent。 but help may soon be on the way for these brightorange。and。black butt
50、erflies.recently a petition (申請(qǐng)書(shū)) was sent by the center for biological diversity, the center for food safety, and the xerces society to the us fish and wildlife service, who announced it would take a year to decide whether the butterflies should be considered an endangered or a threatened species.
51、by officially labeling monarch butterflies as endangered, the government can then carry out specific plans to help increase the population of monarch butterflies。monarch butterflies are known for their impressive, almost 3,000.mile migration each fall. when the weather starts to get cooler, the butt
52、erflies move from summer habitats in canada and the northern us to warmer winter homes in mexico and california.the drop in numbers of this beloved butterfly is partly because of farming practices in the us midwest, where monarch butterflies are first born。 many farmers there use chemicals that dest
53、roy unwanted plants。 unluckily, the chemicals are also destroying the milkweed plant, which monarch caterpillars (毛蟲(chóng)) feed on。in the past 20 years, monarch butterflies have lost about 165 million acres of their habitats, an area about the size of texas. thats about a third of their summer breeding g
54、rounds。 and most of their wintering grounds in mexico and california have suffered from droughts, heat waves, and severe storms, which have been damaging the creatures. heavy logging (伐木) in these regions has also been destroying monarch butterflies habitats.if officials label monarch butterflies as
55、 endangered, the us fish and wildlife service will try their best to ensure that monarch butterflies do not die out。 “to protect our nations wildlife, the government should recognize the dangerous situation of monarch butterflies,” says sarina jepsen of the xerces society. “protection as an endanger
56、ed species will enable monarch butterflies habitat recovery on both public and private lands。篇章導(dǎo)讀:本文是一篇科普說(shuō)明文。在過(guò)去的20年里,帝王蝶的數(shù)量劇減。本文分析了帝王蝶面臨的困難并提出了解決的方法.1according to the passage, monarch butterflies _.amove a lot each seasonbare under great protectioncare listed as an endangered speciesdare at serious
57、 risk of dying out答案d推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句中的“scientists studying monarch butterflies (帝王蝶) have noticed that the number of monarch butterflies has dropped by about 90 percent”可知,帝王蝶的數(shù)量減少了大約90%。據(jù)此可推知,帝王蝶面臨著嚴(yán)重的滅絕危險(xiǎn)。故d項(xiàng)正確。2why do some scientists want to label monarch butterflies as an endangered species?ato stop their migration。bto offer them new habitats.cto provide them with better protection.dto figure out the detailed number of
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