情態(tài)動(dòng)詞講學(xué)稿

1、初中英語(yǔ)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法歸納情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有具體的詞義，但也同助動(dòng)詞一樣，需要與其他詞語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成句子的謂語(yǔ)，另外情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后必須跟動(dòng)詞原形?？键c(diǎn)一：can，may，must 等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法：1. can（過(guò)去式could） 的用法：（1）.表示能力。表示能力時(shí)一般譯為“能、會(huì)”， 如：She can swim fast, but I cant . be able to是can的近義詞。但是 be able to有各種時(shí)態(tài)，而 can只有現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過(guò)去時(shí)2種形式。Eg. He will be able to finish the job on time.（2）.表示許可，譯為“可

2、以。如：You can use my dictionary. 你可以用我的字典。2. may（過(guò)去式might）的用法：（1）.表示請(qǐng)求、許可，可以和can通用,但比can 正式，一般譯為“可以”如：May I borrow your bike? 我可以借你的自行車嗎？ (2) . 表示祝愿，常可譯為“祝愿”。例如：May you have a good time. 祝你過(guò)得愉快。 3. must的用法：(1).must 表示主觀看法，意為“必須、一定”。 如：You must stay here until I come back.在我回來(lái)之前你必須呆在這兒。(2) 其否定形式mustnt表

3、示“禁止, 不許”. 如：You mustnt play with fire. 你不許玩火。4 have to的用法： 1) have to“不得不” （強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要） must“必須、一定”（強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀愿望）The little girl has to stop her study because her family was poor.2）have to有各種時(shí)態(tài)變化，例如第三人稱單數(shù)形式has to, 一般過(guò)去時(shí)had to, 一般將來(lái)時(shí)will have to, 所以在句型變化時(shí)要根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)用助動(dòng)詞do, does, did, will。She has to leave the place

4、. （變否定句和一般疑問(wèn)句）She doesnt have to leave the place.Does she have to leave the place?5. need的用法：need需要，neednt不需要1)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，有人稱，數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化；要借助Does，do等變成否定句和疑問(wèn)句；need后要接to doShe needs to see the doctor.She doesnt need to see the doctor.Does she need to see the doctor？2) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，無(wú)人稱，數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化；need是助動(dòng)詞，可用來(lái)變成否定句和疑問(wèn)句；nee

5、d后要接do (Need sbdo, Sb neednt do)She neednt see the doctor.Need she see the doctor?6. should(= ought to)的用法：should 意為“應(yīng)該” ，可表示勸告、建議、義務(wù)、責(zé)任等。 如：We should protect the environment. 我們應(yīng)該保護(hù)環(huán)境。7. had better 的用法：had better 意為“最好”，沒(méi)有人稱的變化，后面接動(dòng)詞原形，其否定形式為：had better not do。如：We had better go now. 我們最好現(xiàn)在就走。You h

6、ad better not give the book to him.你最好不要把這本書給他。考點(diǎn)二：含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的疑問(wèn)句的回答:1.對(duì) may 引出的問(wèn)句，可以有下列回答方式：- May I smoke here? - Yes, you may/ can. 是的，你可以。- No, you cant./ mustnt. 不，你不可以/你不許。2.對(duì)must引出的疑問(wèn)句，回答方式為Must I finish my homework?我現(xiàn)在必須完成作業(yè)嗎？- Yes, you must. 是的，你必須。No, you neednt./ dont have to.不，你不必?？键c(diǎn)三:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推

7、測(cè)的用法:1、 can表示推測(cè)時(shí)一般用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句。此時(shí)cant 譯為“ 不可能”。 如：Can it be our teacher?那個(gè)人有可能是我們老師嗎？No, it cant be our teacher. He is on a visit to the Great Wall.不可能。咱們老師正在游覽長(zhǎng)城呢。2、must表示肯定的推測(cè)，一般用于肯定句中，譯為“ 一定”。如：He must be in his office now.3、may 表示推測(cè)時(shí)用于肯定句，可能性比must要小，翻譯為“可能”。如：The man may be the headmaster.【情態(tài)動(dòng)詞例題】1

8、、_ you pass me a pen? Id like to write down the phone number. Sure. Here it is.A. Can B. Need C. Might D. Must2、May I go to the cinema, mum? Certainly, but you _ be back by 11 oclock.A. can B. may C. must D. need 3、You _ get there by bus. A. dont need B. neednt to C. dont need to D. need dont to4、Yo

9、u _ worry about me. Its nothing serious. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. wont5、Excuse me. Is this the right way to the Summer Please? Sorry, Im not sure . But it _ be.A. might B.mustnt C.cant D.must6、The man in the office_be Mr. Black, because he went home just now.A.mustnt B.may not C.cant D.neednt7

10、、Can you go surfing with us this afternoon? Id like to , but I _ look after my sister at home , because my mother is ill.A.need B.must C.have to D.should8、May I take this book out of the reading room? _. Please read it here.A. Certainly B.No, you neednt C.No, you mustnt D.No, you may not【情態(tài)動(dòng)詞活學(xué)巧練】1

11、John_ come to see us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet. A. may B. can C. has to D. must2 May I take this book out? No, you_. A. cant B. may not C. neednt D. arent3 You_ go and see a doctor at once because youre got a fever.A. can B. must C. may D. would4 Can you speak Japanese? No, I_. A. mustnt B.

12、 cant C. neednt D. may not5 He_ be in the classroom, I think. No, he _ be in the classroom. I saw him go home a minute ago. A. can; may not B. must; may not C. may; cant D. may; mustnt6 Shall I get one more cake for you, Dad? Thanks, but you_, Ive had enough.A. may not B. must not C. cant D. neednt7

13、 Even the top students in our class cant work out this problem, so it_ be very difficult.A. may B. must C. can D. need8 He isnt at school. I think he _ be ill. A. can B. shall C. must D. has to9 The children_ play football on the road. A. cant B. can C. mustnt D. must10 You _ be late for school agai

14、n next time. A. mustnt B. neednt C. dont have to D. dont need to11 Must I do my homework at once? No, you_. A. neednt B. mustnt C. cant D. may not12 Youd better_late next time. A. not to be B. not be C. wont be D. dont be13 Why dont you ask Mike to go with us? Thanks, _. A. I will B. I wont C. I can D. I ma