英文修辭手法及例句

1、英語(yǔ)修辭手法12級(jí)商務(wù)英語(yǔ)1班 高騰 學(xué)號(hào)11) Simile：(明喻）It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic in common. To make the comparison, words like as, as.as, as if and like are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other.

2、 For example, As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country.明喻是將具有共性的不同事物作對(duì)比.這種共性存在于人們的心里,而不是事物的自然屬性.標(biāo)志詞常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等.1. In his dream he saw the tiny figure fall as a fly 在他的夢(mèng)中他看見(jiàn)那小小的人影像蒼蠅一般地落了下來(lái)。 英語(yǔ)文摘2015-2 比喻形象生動(dòng)，把人影比作蒼蠅突出其渺小。2. Th

3、e old mans hair is as white as snow.老人的頭發(fā)雪白。The Washington Post2) Metaphor：(暗喻）It is like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated. For example, the world is a stage.隱喻是簡(jiǎn)縮了的明喻,是將某一事物的名稱用于另一事物,通過(guò)比較形成.1. Life is a

4、n isthmus between two eternities. 生活是永恒的生死兩端之間的峽道 21 century2014-32. I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力氣,他們就用我的力氣賺錢. 英語(yǔ)文摘2015-2 這里用肌肉代指力氣，肌肉的功能也就是出力氣，直接用肌肉來(lái)代表則用了暗喻手法，加強(qiáng)表達(dá)效果。3）Personification: (擬人）It gives human form of feelings to animals, or life and personal attributes to inanima

5、te objects, or to ideas and abstractions . For example, the wind whistled through the trees.擬人是把生命賦予無(wú)生命的事物. 1. The sun smiled down on the green meadows 太陽(yáng)向著綠茵茵的草地俯首微笑 natural science2015-12.The ancient wilderness dreamed, stretched itself all open to the sun,and seemed to sigh with immeasurable cont

6、ent. GUARDIAN古老的荒野做著夢(mèng), 直挺挺地躺在太陽(yáng)下, 好像無(wú)限滿足地嘆了口氣。給荒野以人格，通過(guò)對(duì)荒野的描寫展現(xiàn)出當(dāng)時(shí)的情景，給人感同身受的感覺(jué)，也讓畫(huà)面更形象具體。3. But the house was cold，closed，and unfriendly. 可是那房子冷漠無(wú)情，門窗緊閉，一點(diǎn)也不友好。 英語(yǔ)文摘2015-34) Hyperbole:(夸張）：It is the deliberate use of overstatement or exaggeration to achieve emphasis. For instance, he almost died la

7、ughing.夸張是以言過(guò)其實(shí)的說(shuō)法表達(dá)強(qiáng)調(diào)的目的.它可以加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)勢(shì),增加表達(dá)效果.1.I was mad for success and on the news of success I went mad with joy.我對(duì)于成功極度地渴望，每當(dāng)聽(tīng)到我獲得成功的消息，我都高興得快瘋了。英語(yǔ)文摘2015-22.1 want to crash you in my arms and cover you with all my kisses 我要擁你入懷，吻遍你。 LETTER“crash”和“cover”這兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞用得如此精彩和頂極,將小伙子對(duì)愛(ài)人熾熱真切的愛(ài)情渲泄得盡善盡美,5）Euphemi

8、sm: (委婉） It is the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive(無(wú)冒犯) expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant. For instance, we refer to die as” pass away. 婉辭法指用委婉,文雅的方法表達(dá)粗惡,避諱的話 1.If anything happened to me, please take care of my wife and children. 英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)報(bào)2015.5 如果我有個(gè)三長(zhǎng)兩短的話，

9、請(qǐng)照看我的妻子和小孩。這里的anything可以指“不幸”，甚至“死亡”是委婉的修辭格 2.用sanitation engineer替代garbage man(清潔工)3.用the disadvantaged替代the poor(窮人)4.用industrial action替代strike(罷工) 網(wǎng)絡(luò)6）Metonymy(轉(zhuǎn)喻） It is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the mane of one thing for that of another. For instance, the pen (w

10、ords) is mightier than the sword (forces).借喻不直接說(shuō)出所要說(shuō)的事物,而使用另一個(gè)與之相關(guān)的事物名稱.1. When the war was over，he laid down the sword and took up the pen. 戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束后，他棄戎從文 economist2. Sometimes the pen maybe mightier than the sword. 有時(shí)文人比武士更有力量。 economist3.The messenger was not long in returning, followed by a pair of

11、 heavy boot that came bumping along the passage like boxes.送信人不久就回來(lái)了, 后面跟著一個(gè)穿著笨重鞭子的人, 在過(guò)道里走得咯噔咯噔亂響, 像滾動(dòng)的箱子一樣。 Readers Digest此例中 a pair of heavy boot (一雙笨重的靴子) 屬于Metonymy 譯文加詞為“一個(gè)穿著笨重靴子的人”4. The baby was brought up on the bottle. 這個(gè)嬰兒是喝牛奶或羊奶長(zhǎng)大的。dope7）Synecdoche(提喻） It is involves the substitution of

12、the part for the whole, or the whole for the part. For instance, they say theres bread and work for all. She was dressed in silks.提喻用部分代替全體,或用全體代替部分,或特殊代替一般1. Many hand,make light woke. 局部代替整體,用hands表示干活的人 economist2. .The fox goes very well with your cap. 這狐皮圍脖與你的帽子很相配. Readers Digest3. 6.It was re

13、ported that China won the volleyball match. 椐報(bào)載：在這次排球賽中，中國(guó)隊(duì)贏了。 21 century（以國(guó)家名稱China代該國(guó)球隊(duì)the Chinese Volleyball Team）8）Pun:(雙關(guān)語(yǔ)） It is a play on words, or rather a play on the form and meaning of words. For instance, a cannon-ball took off his legs, so he laid down his arms. (Here arms has two meani

14、ngs: a persons body; weapons carried by a soldier.) 雙關(guān)就是用一個(gè)詞在句子中的雙重含義,借題發(fā)揮.作出多種解釋,旁敲側(cè)擊,從而達(dá)到意想不到的幽默.滑稽效果.它主要以相似的詞形.詞意和諧音的方式出現(xiàn).1. Make your every hello a real good-buy. 讓你的每地聲“哈”都真的物有所值。 Nature Magazine2. We must all hang together, or we shall hang separately. 我們必須緊密地團(tuán)結(jié)在一起, 否則我們將被一個(gè)個(gè)地絞死。 Readers Diges

15、t3. What do lawyers do when they die? Lie still 律師死了干啥? 身子動(dòng)彈不得, 嘴上撒謊依舊。 英語(yǔ)文摘2014-9原文通過(guò)諧音使用一種稱為Pun的修辭格,構(gòu)造出“一語(yǔ)雙關(guān)”的藝術(shù)意境。諧音之妙,頓生詼諧幽默。要傳達(dá)出原作的這種美學(xué)效果,必須進(jìn)行創(chuàng)造性翻譯。譯文以漢語(yǔ)“對(duì)隅”辭格變通對(duì)譯“ Lie still” ,通過(guò)轉(zhuǎn)換辭格,前后對(duì)照,使雙重含義涇渭分明,從而使原文的妙處“失之東隅,收之桑榆”。9）Irony:(反語(yǔ)） It is a figure of speech that achieves emphasis by saying the o

16、pposite of what is meant, the intended meaning of the words being the opposite of their usual sense. For instance, we are lucky, what you said makes me feel real good. Irony的含義比漢語(yǔ)的反語(yǔ)廣泛。它包括verbal irony, dramatic irony, situational irony。也是正話反說(shuō)，反話正說(shuō)，一般需借助于特定的上下文和語(yǔ)境才能被正確理解。在多數(shù)情況下，irony可以譯成漢語(yǔ)的反語(yǔ)。 1.She

17、talked about great people as if she had the fee-simple of May fair, and when the court went into mourning, she always wore black. 英語(yǔ)文學(xué)周報(bào)2015-1她一開(kāi)口就是某某勛爵某某大人，那口氣竟好象她生來(lái)就是貴族。宮里有了喪事，她沒(méi)有一回不穿孝。 2.The house detectives piggy eyes surveyed her scornfully from his gross jeweled face. 英語(yǔ)文學(xué)周報(bào)2015-2 探長(zhǎng)用他那雙夾在面部隆起

18、的肉堆中的豬眼睛輕蔑地將她上下打量了一番。用反語(yǔ)修辭格諷刺意味濃厚， 3. TheBible,hethunderedinhissonorousorgantones,isnotgoingtobedrivenoutofthiscourtbyexpertswhocomehundredsofmilestotestifythattheycanreconcileevolution,withitsancestorsinthejungle,withmanmadebyGodinHisimageandputhereforHispurposeaspartofadivineplan. 讀者文摘2014-3“圣經(jīng)，”他

19、用洪亮的嗓音大喊大叫道，“是不會(huì)被那些千里迢迢趕來(lái)作證的學(xué)者專家們趕出這個(gè)法庭的。這些專家們來(lái)到這里的目的是想證明主張人類祖先來(lái)自叢林的進(jìn)化論和上帝按照天機(jī)，依其形象創(chuàng)造人類并安排到這個(gè)世界上來(lái)的看法，是并行不悖的?！?.“ If people keep telling you to quit smoking cigarettes, don t listen. they re probably tryingto trick you into living.” American Cancer Society這是一則反語(yǔ)在廣告中使用的極好例證。不是說(shuō)教般告訴人們“ Smoking is harmf

20、ul to your health”,該公益廣告以反語(yǔ)的形式將這個(gè)意思表達(dá)了出來(lái),從而創(chuàng)造出輕松而幽默的氛圍,使他更易于被讀者接受。10) Innuendo: (暗諷） It is a mild form of irony, hinting in a rather roundabout (曲折)way at something disparaging(不一致) or uncomplimentary(不贊美) to the person or subject mentioned. For example, the weatherman said it would be worm. He must

21、 take his readings in a bathroom.反語(yǔ)指用相反意義的詞來(lái)表達(dá)意思的作文方式.如在指責(zé)過(guò)失.錯(cuò)誤時(shí),用贊同過(guò)失的說(shuō)法,而在表?yè)P(yáng)時(shí),則近乎責(zé)難的說(shuō)法.1. This diligent student seldom reads more than an hour per month. Readers Digest 這個(gè)勤奮的學(xué)生每個(gè)月讀書(shū)時(shí)間不超過(guò)一小時(shí)。2. he is a man who is most dependable when you are not in need free talk 你不需要時(shí)他總是最值得依賴的11）Allegory （諷喻） an e

22、xpressive style that uses fictional characters and events to describe some subject by suggestive resemblances; an extended metaphor建立在假借過(guò)去或別處的事例與對(duì)象之上，傳達(dá)暗示，影射或者譏諷現(xiàn)世各種現(xiàn)象的含義。1.there is no garden without its weed 表面意思沒(méi)有不長(zhǎng)草的花園，言外之意沒(méi)有什么是完美的 Fortune2. A proof of the budding is in the eating 表面意思布丁好不好，吃了才知道

23、，言外之意實(shí)踐出真知 Forbes12）Paradox: (仿擬） It is a figure of speech consisting of a statement or proposition which on the face of it seems self-contradictory, absurd or contrary toestablished fact or practice, but which onfurther thinking and study may prove to be true, well-founded, and even to contain a su

24、ccinct point. For example more haste, less speed. 這是一種模仿名言.警句.諺語(yǔ),改動(dòng)其中部分詞語(yǔ),從而使其產(chǎn)生新意的修辭. 1.More haste, less speed。欲速則不達(dá) Readers Digest 2.The child is the father to the man。（童年時(shí)代可決定人之未來(lái)）三歲看大，四歲看老。 英語(yǔ)文摘2015-3 3.Rome was not built in a day, nor in a year。羅馬不是一天建成的，一年也不行。 經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人2015-413）Oxymoron: (矛盾修飾） It

25、is a compressed paradox, formed by the conjoining(結(jié)合) of two contrasting, contradictory or incongruous terms as in bitter-sweet memories, orderly chaos(混亂) and proud humility。這也是一種矛盾修辭法,用兩種不相調(diào)和的特征形容一個(gè)事物,以不協(xié)調(diào)的搭配使讀者領(lǐng)悟句中微妙的含義.1. A miserable，merry Christmas. 悲喜交加的圣誕節(jié)。 經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人2.He called my conviction a vic

26、torious defeat. 他稱這次庭審結(jié)果是一次“勝利的失敗”。 Readers Digest3.It New Yorkhas the poorest millionaires, the littlest great man, the haughtiest beggars, the plainest beauties, the lowest skyscrapers, the dolefulest pleasures of any town I ever saw. O. Henry這座城市(指紐約)里有的是心靈最空虛的百萬(wàn)富翁,人格最渺小的偉人,最目空一切的乞丐,最使人瞧不上眼的美女,最骯

27、臟齷齪的摩天大樓,和最乏味的娛樂(lè),比我所見(jiàn)到過(guò)的任何城市都有過(guò)之而無(wú)不及。 原文中一連用了六個(gè)Oxymoron辭格,十分生動(dòng)、形象地描述了作者對(duì)大都市紐約的印象,從而深刻地揭示了紐約在繁華背后隱藏著丑陋的雙重性,極富哲理,發(fā)人深省。14）Antithesis: (對(duì)照） It is the deliberate arrangement of contrasting words or ideas in balanced structural forms to achieve emphasis. For example, speech is silver; silence is golden.這種

28、修辭指將意義完全相反的語(yǔ)句排在一起對(duì)比的一種修辭方法. 1.Not that I loved Caesar less but that I loved Rome more. 不是我不喜歡凱撒，而是我更喜歡羅馬 這是凱撒大帝里的臺(tái)詞 將意義相反的語(yǔ)句并列在一起做對(duì)比突出表達(dá)效果。 2.Give me liberty, or give me death. 給我自由，否則殺了我。 Readers Digest15）Climax: (漸進(jìn)） It is derived from the Greek word for ladder and implies the progression of thoug

29、ht at a uniform or almost uniform rate of significance or intensity, like the steps of a ladder ascending evenly. For example, I came, I saw, I conquered.這種修辭是將一系列詞語(yǔ)按照意念的大小.輕重.深淺.高低等逐層漸進(jìn),最后達(dá)到頂點(diǎn).可以增強(qiáng)語(yǔ)勢(shì),逐漸加深讀者印象.1. I came, I saw, I conquered. 我來(lái)了，看了，征服了2.Social position,friends,reputation,life itself,

30、had no longer any attraction for him.社會(huì)地位、朋友、名譽(yù)、生活本身對(duì)他再?zèng)]有什么吸引力了.分析：通過(guò)漸進(jìn)逐步過(guò)渡到高潮，在兩個(gè)句子中分別達(dá)到了突出表達(dá)和強(qiáng)調(diào)的作用。16) Apostrophe： (頓呼） In this figure of speech, a thing, place, idea or person (dead or absent) is addressed as if present, listening and understanding what is being said. 1.England! awake! awake! awa

31、ke!英格蘭，醒來(lái)吧，醒來(lái)吧，醒來(lái)吧 經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人2015-42.Who is like You, O Lord, among the gods?耶和華啊，眾神之中誰(shuí)能像你？ 圣經(jīng)分析：突然的發(fā)出，表現(xiàn)強(qiáng)調(diào)。17）Anti-climax or bathos: (突降）It is the opposite of Climax. It involves stating ones thoughts in a descending order of significance or intensity, from strong to weak, from weighty to light or frivol

32、ous. For instance, But thousands die, without or this or that, die, and endow(賦予) a college, or a cat. 與climax相反的一種修辭法,將一系列詞語(yǔ)由大到小,由強(qiáng)到弱地排列. 1.Alas!Alas!What shall I do?Ive lost my wife and best hat,too。 Readers Digest哎呀哎呀!我怎么辦呢?我失去了妻子,又丟了最好的帽子2. The duties of a soldier are to protect his country and

33、peel potatoes. 英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)報(bào) 士兵的職責(zé)是保衛(wèi)祖國(guó)和剝土豆皮.18） Alliteration: (頭韻） It has to do with the sound rather than the sense of words for effect. It is a device that repeats the same sound at frequent intervals(間隔) and since the sound repeated is usually the initial consonant sound, it is also called front rhyme.

34、For instance, the fair breeze blew, the white foam flew, the furrow followed free.頭韻是在一句話中, 或一個(gè)詩(shī)行中, 用了幾個(gè)以同樣字母開(kāi)頭的詞。1.He is all fire and fight.他怒氣沖沖, 來(lái)勢(shì)洶洶。2.From their slopes flow streams feeding the oases strung along the rim of inland deserts.條條溪水, 潺潺而下, 滋潤(rùn)著鑲嵌于內(nèi)陸沙漠邊緣的片片綠洲。以上兩句采用英語(yǔ)的頭韻修辭法, 譯為漢語(yǔ)時(shí)分別改為漢語(yǔ)

35、對(duì)偶; 漢語(yǔ)疊詞、象聲詞等修辭法。3. Then Lieutenant Grub launched the old recruiting routine,“See, save and serve!”于是, 格拉布上尉開(kāi)始說(shuō)起招兵的老一套了:“見(jiàn)見(jiàn)世面, 攢點(diǎn)錢, 為國(guó)家出點(diǎn)力!此例主要修辭手法是頭韻。See,save and serve 在用作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí), 賓語(yǔ)實(shí)際上隱含在動(dòng)詞后面, 譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)需要把它表達(dá)出來(lái)。因此譯文中分別增加了“世面”、“錢”、“國(guó)家”三個(gè)詞。加詞翻譯的原則是所加的詞原文雖然沒(méi)有,然而卻包含了這層意思。加詞以后能更清楚地表現(xiàn)原文的思想韻味,又不增加新的意思。19）Ono

36、matopoeia: (擬聲） It is a device that uses words which imitate the sounds made by an object (animate or inanimate), or which are associated with or suggestive(提示的) of some action or movement。1.The messenger was not long in returning, followed by a pair of heavy boot that came bumping along the passage

37、 like boxes.送信人不久就回來(lái)了, 后面跟著一個(gè)穿著笨重鞭子的人, 在過(guò)道里走得咯噔咯噔亂響, 像滾動(dòng)的箱子一樣。 碰撞屬于擬聲譯文增詞為“咯噔咯噔亂響20） Analogy(類比）It is also a form of comparison, but unlike simile or metaphor which usually uses comparison on one point of resemblance, analogy draws a parallel between two unlike things that have several common qualit

38、ies or points of resemblance.1.Appropriate praise to a child is what the sun is to a flower。 nature恰當(dāng)?shù)馁潛P(yáng)對(duì)孩子的作用，就像陽(yáng)光對(duì)于花朵的作用一樣。2.Writing a book of poetry is like dropping a rose petal down the Grand Canyon and waiting for the echo.寫一本有關(guān)詩(shī)歌的書(shū)如同將一片玫瑰花瓣扔進(jìn)大峽谷等待它的回音。 Readers Digest第一句將“贊揚(yáng)對(duì)孩子的作用”與“陽(yáng)光對(duì)花朵的作用”做

39、類比，突出表現(xiàn)了贊揚(yáng)的好處，而第二句將“寫書(shū)的動(dòng)作”和“把玫瑰花瓣扔到大峽谷等回音”相類比表現(xiàn)寫詩(shī)求回應(yīng)的艱難。這兩句中都只是作用和動(dòng)作的對(duì)比，并無(wú)本體與喻體。域名與何安與在本質(zhì)上有區(qū)別。21) Syllepsis: (一語(yǔ)雙敘）It has two connotations.In the first case, it is a figure by which a word, or a particular form or inflection of a word, refers to two or more words in the same sentence, while properly

40、 applying to or agreeing with only on of them in grammar or syntax(句法). In the second case, it a word may refer to two or more words in the same sentence. 1.He addressed you and me, and desired us to follow him. (Here us is used to refer to you and me.（第一種）他游說(shuō)了我和你，讓咱們跟隨他；2.while he was fighting , an

41、d losing limb and mind, and dying, others stayed behind to pursue education and career（第二種） 當(dāng)他在戰(zhàn)斗中失去肢體，心靈甚至生命時(shí)，其他人卻在后面追求著教育和事業(yè)。(Here to losing ones limbs in literal; to lose ones mind is figurative, and means to go mad.)第一句中用我們（us）來(lái)包含我和你（you and I）；第二句中則是用失去肢體和心靈等來(lái)表現(xiàn)他即將步入瘋狂。22) Zeugma: (軛式搭配） It is a