小學英語語法匯總

1、小學英語語法匯總(表格式)42現(xiàn)在完成時-否定句現(xiàn)在完成時的否定句的構成是將not和has 后面 否定句完整形式縮寫形式單數(shù)復數(shù)單數(shù)復數(shù)第一人稱i have not seen we have not seen i havent seen we havent seen第二人稱you have not seen you have not seenyou havent seenyou haven seen第三人稱he she has not seenitthey have not seenhe she has not seenitthey havent seen現(xiàn)在完成時經(jīng)常與一些表示不確定的時間狀

2、語連用如：recently lately and this year 連用，現(xiàn)在完成時的否定式與yet連用。yet表示一個尚未完成的動作。 my friend hasnt visited me in years.近年來，我的朋友沒有來拜訪我。 we havent had a vacation this year.今年，我們沒有一個假期。 i havent done my homework yet, and my class starts in five minutes.我還沒有做作業(yè)，五分鐘后我就要上課了。1,that actress hasnt worked in a month. 那個女演

3、員一個月沒有工作了.2,you havent seen my new living room and dining room furniture.你還沒有看過我客廳和餐廳的新家具.3,he hadnt asked jane for a date yet.他還沒越簡出去.4,lois hasnt found her purse yet.羅伊斯還沒有找到她的錢包.5.it hasnt stopped raining all day.一整天雨都沒有停.6,we havent put the new sink in the bathroom yet.浴室里我們還沒有安新水池.7,you and ton

4、y havent been to the dentist since last year.從去年開始,你和托尼沒有去看過牙醫(yī).8,they havent found all the right furniture for their bedroom.他們還沒有找到適合他們臥室的家具.practicea,用所給的詞替換句中的主語,盡量用縮寫形式example: i havent done much work lately.(he) he hasnt done much work lately.1,paul and bill 2, that student 3, you and i 4, she

5、5, jeanette 6, the children 7,you 8,we 9,they 10, you and sally 11,patrick 12, the carpenters b,把陳述句變成否定句 1. shes lost her purse.she hasnt lost her purse.2, hes finished his homework.3. shes found her book.4. theyve bought many new dresses.5. the office has closed for the day.6. sally has done well

6、in her new job.7. you and harry have drunk all orange juice.8. his parents have bought him a new bicycle.9. hes gone home.c,用完整句子回答問題.首先給出肯定回答,然后給出否定回答.have you just arrived, or have you lived here for a long time? have bill been sick or well recently?has mary gone home or to school?has it rained or

7、 snowed here this week?has this office been open since january or february ?have they studied english or spanish ?vocabularyactress date juice sink bathroom finish purse yet bedroom furniture right43現(xiàn)在完成時-疑問句 疑問句單數(shù)復數(shù)第一人稱have i seen?have we seen?第二人稱have you seen?have you seen?第三人稱has (he she it)seen

8、?have they seen?回答帶有“yet”現(xiàn)在完成時的疑問句時，做肯定回答需用already,做否定回答時用yet yet放在句尾。have mary and barbie arrived at work yet?馬蒂和芭比到單位了嗎？barbie has already arrive, but mary hasnt arrived yet.芭比已經(jīng)到了，但馬蒂還沒有到。ever 的意思是“曾經(jīng)，永遠”，經(jīng)常用于完成時的疑問句。對這些問題做否定回答時用never。在做否定回答時，如果過去的具體時間被提及，則用一般過去時。have you ever been late twice? no

9、 ,i ve never been late.你上班遲到過嗎？沒有，我沒有遲到過。yes ,ive been late twice. or yes, i was late monday .是的，我已經(jīng)遲到過兩次了。是的，我上星期一遲到了。1，have i ever met your friend liz? no ,youre never met her.我遇到過你的朋友利斯嗎？沒有，你沒有遇到過。2，have you been to the movies recently? yes ,i have.你最近看電影了嗎?是的，我看了。3，has he spoken to the manager a

10、bout his vacation? yes ,he has.他和經(jīng)理談了他的假期了嗎?是的，他談了。4，has she finished her homework?no,she hasnt她完成了她的作業(yè)了嗎？沒有，她沒有完成。5, have we paid our rent yet?no ,we havent .我們付完租金了嗎？沒有，我們還沒付。6, have you and joan forgotten our dinner date?no ,we havent .你和簡忘記我們的晚餐約會了嗎？沒有，我們沒有忘記。7, have they called you recently?yes

11、 , they have.他們最近打電話給你了嗎？是的，他們打了。practice:a. 用所給的詞替換句中的主語。example：have you ever worked in a restaurant? (jean ) has jean ever worked in a restaurant?1. artie and jay 5. they 9. she2. he 6. you 10.jerry3.betty 7. your aunt 11. their son 4. that man 8. you and rob 12. those womenb. 把陳述句變?yōu)橐蓡柧洹?ive alre

12、ady finished my lunch. have i finished my lunch yet?2.ive never been to south america.3they havent done the dishes yet.4dick has been a waiter for three years.5shes already finished her work.6that little boy has fallen every day this week.7martha has spent all of her money on books.8hes gone for the

13、 day.9youve worn that dress often.10. weve lent them the money.11. the teacher has spoken to me about my childrens work.12. theyve taken david to the beach with them.c.用完整的句子回答問題。1has eric ever studied german? no, eric has never studied german.2. has it stopped raining yet?3. how long has pedro know

14、n carmen?4. have they bought some cds?5. have you eaten dinner yet?6. has suzanne finished the lessons yet?vocabulary: call ever german manager twice44.日歷，季節(jié)與天氣日歷1 十二個月英語表達法：january 一月 may 五月 september九月february 二月 june 六月 october 十月march 三月 july 七月 november十一月april 四月 august 八月 december十二月2一周英語表達法。

15、sunday 星期日 thursday 星期四monday 星期一 friday 星期五tuesday 星期二 saturday 星期六wednesday 星期三2 四季表達法winter 冬季 spring 春季summer 夏季 fall (或 autumn ) 秋季1 in the u.s., the winter months are december, january, and february. the weather is usually very cold. the trees are bare. sometimes it snows a lot, and its often

16、very windy.在美國冬季月份是十二月，一月和二月。天氣常常非常寒冷。樹木光禿禿的。有時下點雪，常常刮風。2 march, april, and may are the spring months. the weather is usually warm and pleasant. plants grow, flowers blossom, and new leaves appear on the trees.三月，四月和五月是春季月份。 天氣常常溫暖宜人。植物生長了，花開了，樹上長出了新葉。3 the summer months are jane, july, and august.

17、the weather is often very hot and very humid.夏季月份是六月，七月和八月。天氣非常炎熱而潮濕。4 the autumn months are september, october, and november. the weather is cool. it often rains a lot. the trees lose their leaves in the fall, and its harvest time for many kinds of fruits and vegetables.秋季月份是九月，十月和十一月。天氣涼爽 。常常下雨。秋季

18、樹葉凋零，它是許多水果和蔬菜收獲的季節(jié)。practice:a. 根據(jù)常識用完整的句子回答問題。1 name the months of the year.2 how many months have thirty days? which months are they?3 how many months have thirty-one days? which months are they?4. when does february have twenty-nine days?5. how many weeks are there in a year?6. name the days of t

19、he week.7. name the four seasons.8. what is another name for the fall?9. what are the names of the winter months?10. describe the weather in the winter.11. name the three months of spring.12. how is the weather in the spring?13. what natural changes occur in the spring?14. name the summer months.15.

20、 describe summer weather.16. what are the names of the autumn months?17. how is the weather in the fall?18. what natural changes occur in the fall?19. describe the seasons in your country.20. which is your favorite season?b. 根據(jù)圖片用完整的句子回答問題。1 when does spring begin?spring begins on march 21.2. when d

21、oes summer begin?3. when does fall begin?4. when does winter begin？5. what season is it in the picture?6. what season is it in the picture?vocabulary: appear county june octoberapril december lose pleasantautumn describe march seasonbare except may septemberblossom fall name springcalendar grow natu

22、ral summerchange harvest november wintercool humid45.房子與家具1 carol and jackie share a one-bedroom apartment in san francisco. this is the floor plan.卡羅爾和杰克在舊金山住在一個有一間臥室的一套公寓里。這是建筑平面圖。2 the living room has some nice furniture. there are two easy chairs, a floor lamp, a television set , a cd player, a

23、dvd player, and a sofa bed.臥室里有一些漂亮的家具。有兩個簡易的椅子，一個地燈，一臺電視，一臺cd機，一臺dvd機和一個沙發(fā)床。3 the dining area has a small dining room table, four chairs, and a cabinet. carol and jackie keep their dishes and glassware in the cabinet.餐廳有一個小餐桌，四把椅子和一個櫥柜?？_爾和杰克把他們的碟子和玻璃器具放在櫥柜里。4 their kitchen has a sink, several cabi

24、nets, and all new appliances: a stove, a refrigerator, and a microwave oven.他們的廚房有一個水池，幾個櫥柜，和所有新器具：一個爐子，一個冰箱和一個微波爐。5 their bedroom has twin beds, a dresser, a bedside table with a lamp, and two chairs.他們的臥室有兩張床，一個梳妝臺，一個上面放一盞臺燈的床頭柜和兩把椅子。6 in the bathroom theres a sink, a toilet, and a bathtub with a

25、shower.洗手間有一個水池，一個便池和一個帶有淋浴器的浴缸。7 the apartment has a total of four closets: two clothes closets, a linen closet, and a coat closet in the hall near the front door.這個公寓總共有四個壁櫥：兩個衣櫥，一個亞麻織品衣櫥和一個靠近前門邊的墻上的大衣櫥 practice:用完整的句子回答問題。1 name the rooms in the apartment in the picture.2 what furniture is there

26、in the living room?3 what kind of sofa is there in the living room?4 describe the dining area.5 what are the bathroom fixtures?6 what furniture is there in the bedroom?7 how many closets are there in the bedroom?8 name the furniture, bathroom fixtures, and kitchen appliances shown in this floor plan

27、.9 is there any furniture in the kitchen?vocabulary: appliance easy chair linen tolietarea fixture microwave oven totalbathtub floor plan nice twincabinet glassware sharecloset hall showerdresser keep sofa bed46review 復習a.用括號里單詞的正確形式填空。1 main street is the widest of the three. (wide )2. lisa is _ pe

28、te. (tall )3. the fifty-dollar clock is _ jim. (early)4. joanne arrived _ jim. (early )5. they all sing very _ . (bad )6. in the united states, summers are _ winter.7. louis is a _ cook than ann. (good )8. the second circle is _ the first one. (small )b 用will形式的將來時改寫下一段落?？勺銎渌匾母膭樱M量用縮寫形式。 yesterday

29、 pat and i had a happy day. she arrived at nine thirty in the morning, and she stayed for the whole day. we had breakfast together, and then we took my car to a park near my house. we had sandwiches and fresh fruit for lunch. then we walked around the park. did we study? no. we didnt have our books

30、with us because we didnt have any homework. we played tennis for an hour, and then we talked and laughed a lot. it was a good day.tomorrow pat and i will have a happy day.c. 改寫練習b中的段落，把句子改寫成be going to 形式的將來時?？勺銎渌匾母膭樱M量用縮寫形式。tomorrow pat and i are going to have a happy day.d. 用正確的反身代詞填空。1 he cut h

31、imself with that knife yesterday.2 the children hurt _ in the park.3 i cooked dinner for _ this evening.4 but, michael, you _ gave me those letters.5 the little girl gets dressed by _ every morning.6 we built that table _.7 amy and howard study by _ every night.8 did you and tom wash the windows _?e

32、. 將每個句子變成禮貌的要求。1were doing our homework. please do your homework.2. im sitting on this chair.3. im not smoking.4. im not spilling the coffee.5. were setting the table.6. im crossing the street at the corner.7. were waiting at the bus stop.8. were not forgetting to pay our bill.f. 將每個陳述句變成疑問句，然后做否定回答

33、。盡可能用現(xiàn)在完成時及用縮寫式。1 ive already written three postcards.have you written any postcards yet?no, i havent written any postcards yet. 2. weve already seen that movie. 3. shes been to callifornia. 4. hes already left. 5. its begun to rain. 6. theyre visited us several times this week. 7. ive already found

34、 an apartment. 8. bob and carol have finished their homework.g.描述每副圖的天氣，然后說說在美國哪個月是這種天氣。 1its very cold. its snowing and its very windy. its probably december, january, or february. h 你剛租到了一間新公寓，里面有一些家具。給一個朋友描述一下這個公寓。 this apartment has. 簡明英語語法表詞性 詞性定義例句noun名詞名詞指人，地點或事物this young driver turned her n

35、ew car quickly into a busy street. bang! she hit a huge yellow bus and came to a stop.adjective形容詞形容詞描述名詞所指得人或物the young driver turned her new car quickly into a busy street. bang! she hit a huge yellow bus and came to a stop.verb動詞動詞表示一種狀態(tài)或一個動作the young driver turned her new car quickly into a busy

36、 street. bang! she hit a huge yellow bus and came to a stop.adverb副詞副詞修飾動詞，形容詞和其他副詞the young driver turned her new car quickly into a busy street. bang! she hit a huge yellow bus and came to a stop.conjunction連詞連詞連接句子的兩個部分或短語the young driver turned her new car quickly into a busy street. bang! she h

37、it a huge yellow bus and came to a stop.pronoun代詞代詞代替名詞the young driver turned her new car quickly into a busy street. bang! she hit a huge yellow bus and came to a stop.preposition介詞介詞表示人，物，事件等與其他人，物，事件等之間的關系the young driver turned her new car quickly into a busy street. bang! she hit a huge yellow

38、 bus and came to a stop.interjection感嘆詞感嘆詞表達強烈感情和感受the young driver turned her new car quickly into a busy street. bang! she hit a huge yellow bus and came to a stop.句子結構主語+動詞一個句子可以由一個主語（名詞或代詞）和一個謂語（動詞）構成。主語 動詞fernando arrived.alex left.主語+動詞+直接賓語一個句子可以由一個主語，一個動詞和一個直接賓語構成。一個直接賓語回答“什么”的問題。（he had wha

39、t? he had a letter. julio wanted what? julio wanted ice cream.）一些動詞像have常常跟一個直接賓語. 主語 動詞 直接賓語veronique threw the ball.evan liked susan.he had a suitcase.主語+動詞+間接賓語句子也可以有間接賓語。間接賓語回答“給誰”的問題。（he wrote to whom? he wrote to junko. junko gave the letter to whom? junko gave aoko the letter.）如果間接賓語出現(xiàn)在直接賓語之后

40、，你一定要用“to”。如果間接賓語出現(xiàn)在動詞之后，但在直接賓語之前，你不必加“to”。 主語動詞直接賓語間接賓語he gavethe suitcaseto his brother.hegavehis brotherthe suitcase.hegavehimthe suitcase. 簡單句，并列句和復合句簡單句 一個主語一個動詞復合主語復合動詞復合直接賓語復合間接賓語chen is busy.he and his friends go out on weekends.he goes t o school and also works.he likes music and movies.he

41、gave presents to the boys and girls.簡單句只有一個從句。（從句是由一個主語和一個動詞組成的。）但是簡單句可以有一個以上的主語，動詞，直接賓語和間接賓語。這些被稱作復和賓語，復合動詞和復合賓語。待添加的隱藏文字內(nèi)容2并列句并列句是由并列連詞連接的兩個或多個從句。一些常見的并列連詞由and, but,so和or. 從句1從句2chen works hard at school,andhe gets good grades.he studies during the week,buthe has fun on weekends.he and his friends

42、 see a movie,orthey go to a concert.復合句 從句1從句2chen feels tiredwhenhe gets home at night.he is tiredbecausehe worked hard.he wishesthathe could go to a movie.復雜句是由從屬連詞連接的兩個或多個從句。一些常見的從屬連詞有：when, because和that。名詞和冠詞普通名詞和專有名詞 人地點事物childlibrarytelevisionpolice officercitybaseball普通名詞是用來特指任何人，地點和事物。 人地點事物

43、tiger woodsbrazilmicrosoft corporationshakiratorontoacademy awardsalbert einsteinyankee stadiumphiladelphia orchestra專有名詞是用來特指特殊人，地點和事物。專有名詞首字母要大寫?？蓴?shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞你可以數(shù)出的事物：four apples, two trees, three houses這些就是可數(shù)名詞。你不能數(shù)出的事物：some water, lots of grass, a handful of flour。這些就是不可數(shù)名詞。可數(shù)名詞可以是單數(shù)（只有一個）或復數(shù)（多余一個）

44、。 i ate an apple. she ate two apples.不可數(shù)名詞只有單數(shù)形式。some, a little, lots 可以用來和修飾不可數(shù)名詞，表示數(shù)量。冠詞a ,an 不用于不可數(shù)名詞 正確不正確some moneya moneylots of mailone maila little advicean advice冠詞a和an是不定冠詞，意思是一個。當名詞不確定時，a 和 an 和可數(shù)名詞連用。 a放置于輔音單詞之前, an放置于單詞之前。 i ate an apple and a banana. (可以是任何蘋果和香蕉。)the是定冠詞，它用于修飾特指的可數(shù)或不可數(shù)

45、名詞。聽者從而知道說者所說的哪一個人，地點或事件。 i ate an apple. then i ate a banana. the apple was better. (我們知道說者說的是他剛吃的蘋果) i bought some water and some soda. the water was cold. （我們知道說者說的是他剛買的水。）名詞復數(shù)的構成許多名詞是通過末尾加s構成復數(shù) 單數(shù)復數(shù)computercomputerstreetreescanadiancanadians一些名詞加s變復數(shù)時拼寫會有變化。 規(guī)則單數(shù)復數(shù)以s, sh, x結尾的單詞，后接es構成復數(shù)時。brushb

46、oxbrushesboxes以輔音字母加y結尾的單詞，把y 變成i 加espartybabypartiesbabies一些以f或fe 結尾的單詞，把f 變成v 加s 或es 。（例外：belief-beliefs; chief-chiefs; roof-roofs）leafwifeleaveswives 單數(shù)復數(shù)manwomanchildfoottoothmousefishdeermenwomenchildrenfeetteethmicefishdeer一些名詞有特殊的復數(shù)形式。代詞代詞用來代替名詞robert bought a present for his niece.he gave it

47、 to her. 單數(shù)復數(shù)單數(shù)例句復數(shù)例句第一人稱iwei am late.we were all late.第二人稱youyouyou have enough time.you all have enough time.第三人稱he, he, ittheyhe was late, too.they were late, too.人稱代詞 單數(shù)復數(shù)單數(shù)例句復數(shù)例句第一人稱meusshe visits me.she visits all of us.第二人稱youyoushe doesnt visit you.she doesnt visit any of you.第三人稱him, her, i

48、t themi visit her.i visit them.物主代詞名詞性物主代詞 單數(shù)復數(shù)單數(shù)例句復數(shù)例句第一人稱mineoursthat bag is mine.those bags are ours.第二人稱yours yoursits not yours.girls, these bags are yours.第三人稱his, hers, itstheirsits his.the bags over there are theirs.反身代詞 單數(shù)復數(shù)單數(shù)例句復數(shù)例句第一人稱myselfourselvesi cut myself.we climbed that mountain ourselves.第二人稱yourselfyourselvesdid you hurt yourself?did all of you do the work yourselves?第三人稱himselfherselfitselfthemselvesit turned itself off.all the players put their