英語翻譯第八單元

1、Chapter EightTranslation of English for Science and Technology科技英語翻譯1) 純專業(yè)技術(shù)詞匯(Pure ST Terms) The lacuna between the Old Stone Age and the New Stone Age once supposed to be a real hiatus, is being filled by a Middle Stone Age. 舊石器時代和新石器時代之間的空隙曾經(jīng)被認為是個一個真正的間隔，現(xiàn)在被中石器時代所填補。3) 半科技詞匯(Semi- ST Terms)The op

2、eration is carried out under a general anaesthetic. 該手術(shù)是在全身麻醉情況下實施的。Each element defines the configuration of an operation in the service. 每個元素定義服務(wù)中一個操作的配置。ConcentrationTheres been too much concentration of power in the hands of central authorities. 權(quán)力一直過多地集中在中央機構(gòu)手中。Electrode potential depends on th

3、e concentration of the ions.電極電位決定于離子濃度。The determination of trace concentrations of mercury in minerals is described. 文章論述礦物中痕量汞的測定。6）創(chuàng)新詞語Researchers found the heart emoji appeared billions of times a day across the world.研究者們發(fā)現(xiàn)全世界每天會出現(xiàn)幾十億個心形表情符號。 We start with base money and then well have whats c

4、alled M-1, which includes cheque accounts, demand deposits of banks . and then M-2 which will include some savings deposits, some time deposits.首先是基本貨幣供應(yīng)量，其次是所謂的M-1，貨幣供應(yīng)量一，包括支票帳戶、銀行的活期存款等等。然后是貨幣供應(yīng)量二，包括一些活期儲蓄帳戶和定期存款。1) 大量的名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)（More Nominalization）地球繞軸自轉(zhuǎn)，引起晝夜變化。The rotation of the earth on its own ax

5、is causes the change from day to night.阿基米德最先發(fā)現(xiàn)固體排水的原理Archimedes first discovered the principle of displacement of water by solid bodies. (1) 用這種方法測試機器會損失一些功率。 The testing of machines by this method entails some loss of power.(2) 在沸水中加入2%的碳酸鈉(sodium carbonate)會增加殺菌效果。 The addition of 2 percent sodiu

6、m carbonate to boiling water increases the bactericide effect.(3) 滾動摩擦代替滑動摩擦?xí)蠓鶞p少摩擦力。 The substitution of some rolling friction for sliding friction results in a very considerable reduction in friction.工程設(shè)計質(zhì)量管理探索及實踐 Exploration and Practice in the Quality Management of Engineering Design低滲透氣藏氣井的生產(chǎn)規(guī)律

7、研究 A Study of the Production Rules of the Gas Wells in Low Permeability Gas Reservoirs1.影響銷售額的統(tǒng)計分析Statistic analysis of influential factors on sales 2. 對高校人力資源開發(fā)利用的幾點思考Several thoughts on developing and using human resources in colleges and universities3. 語言和與語言相關(guān)的學(xué)科的相互交叉研究An interacting study betwe

8、en language and language-related disciplines4.質(zhì)量管理和設(shè)計質(zhì)量考核量化研究 A Quantative Study on the Design Quality Management and Assessment 5.學(xué)習(xí)困難學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)動機及教學(xué)策略心理學(xué)研究 A Psychological Research on Learning Motivation and Teaching Strategies for Poor Students大量使用后置定語也是科技文章的特點之一。常見的結(jié)構(gòu)： 1) 介詞短語Documents for the World

9、Wide Web are written in HTML.萬維網(wǎng)的文檔是用HTML(超文本標記語言)編寫而成的。The shape of the electron spectrum in beta decay is not dominated by properties of the matrix element. 衰變的電子譜的形狀不取決于矩陣元的性質(zhì)。液體的壓力與容器壁垂直。Pressure in a liquid is at right angles to the walls of container.2) 形容詞及形容詞短語In this factory the only fuel a

10、vailable is coal. 該廠唯一可用的燃料是煤。 Engine revolution should not exceed the maximum permissible.發(fā)動機轉(zhuǎn)速不應(yīng)超過所允許的最大數(shù)值。形容詞后置定語英語中，少數(shù)形容詞作定語時，須放在被修飾的詞之后，可分為如下幾種情況：1）一些前綴a-構(gòu)成的形容詞：2) 以-able或-ible 后綴結(jié)尾的形容詞3）形容詞修飾不定代詞，該形容詞要后置4)形容詞與all, only, every等詞或形容詞最高級連用修飾名詞時該公司已開發(fā)出了適合于這項技術(shù)的軟件。The company has developed software

11、 adaptable to this technique.In radiation, thermal energy is transformed into radiant energy, similar in nature to light. 熱能在輻射時，轉(zhuǎn)換成性質(zhì)與光相似的輻射能。成長為整個生物體所需的全部信息都存在于一個細胞內(nèi)。All of the information necessary to build a whole organism resides within a single cell.沒有足以克服阻力的力，靜止的物體絕不會運動。Without forces suffici

12、ent to overcome the resistance, bodies at rest will never move.翻譯練習(xí)Well do everything possible to improve the supply of electricity.1. 我們將盡一切努力來改善電力供應(yīng)。The gear teeth should have the strength sufficient to operate.2. 齒輪的齒必須具備足夠的運轉(zhuǎn)強度。Scientists have found a method of measurement suitable for coastal a

13、reas.3. 科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)找到了一種適合沿海地區(qū)的測量方法。分詞后置定語1）當強調(diào)動作，表示“一時一事”時，分詞放在名詞后較多。2)名詞前有only，very，the first，the last等詞或有形容詞最高級時，分詞放在名詞后 3）如果被修飾的詞不定代詞或指示代詞those等時，分詞要放在被修飾的詞的后面。4)有時單個分詞放在名詞前或后，意義有很大的區(qū)別 We agreed to meet at a given time and place.我們同意在規(guī)定的時間和地點見面。Fill in each of the blanks with the proper form of the v

14、erb given.用所給動詞的適當形式填空。A direct current (DC) is a current flowing always in the same direction. 直流電是一種總是沿同一方向流動的電流。The car will be guided by a differential GPS system that corrects errors arising in global positioning satellite signals。這款汽車將由一個特異的GPS系統(tǒng)來導(dǎo)航，該系統(tǒng)能夠糾正全球定位衛(wèi)星信號出現(xiàn)的錯誤。一些對決定最終凈收益數(shù)額會有影響的項目，則可能

15、與企業(yè)的主要經(jīng)營無關(guān)。Some business items affecting the determination of a final net income amount may not relate to the primary operating activity of the business.翻譯下列句子1. The results obtained must be checked.1. 獲得的結(jié)果必須加以校核。2. The heat produced is equal to the electrical energy wasted.2. 產(chǎn)生的熱量等于浪費了的電能。3. Acco

16、unting is an information system necessitated by the great complexity of modern business.3. 會計是現(xiàn)代商業(yè)巨大復(fù)雜性所必須的信息系統(tǒng)。4.在價值鏈的任何一點上所作出的決策都會在以后的每一點上發(fā)生影響。4. Decision made at any point of the value chain can have an impact on every subsequent point.5.光所產(chǎn)生的顏色感覺完全是由產(chǎn)生光的波長所決定的。5. The color sensation produced by

17、light depends simply on the length of wave producing the light.Any claim by the buyers regarding the goods shipped shall be filed within15 days after arrival of the goods at the port of destination specified in the relative Bill of Lading and supported by a survey report issued by the notary authori

18、ty approved by the seller.買方對于裝運貨物的任何索賠, 必須于貨到提單規(guī)定的目的地15天內(nèi)提出, 并須提供經(jīng)賣方同意的公證機構(gòu)出具的檢驗報告。4) 不定式短語后置定語 The best way to achieve this is by using existing internet standards.實現(xiàn)這一點的最佳方法就是使用現(xiàn)有的因特網(wǎng)語言標準。世界的熱帶地區(qū)在尋找新能源的競賽中將會領(lǐng)先一步。The tropical parts in the world would have a head start in the race to find new energ

19、y sources.Numerical control machines are most useful when quantities of products to be produced are low or medium.少量或中量地生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品時,數(shù)控機是極為有用的。There is a growing realization that the only effective way to achieve further reductions in vehicle emissions is to replace conventional diesel and gasoline with cl

20、eaner-burning fuels.人們逐漸認識到實現(xiàn)車輛尾氣排放更進一步減少的唯一有效方法是用燃燒更為清潔的燃料代替?zhèn)鹘y(tǒng)的柴油和汽油。翻譯下列句子Flame-spraying is the most versatile way to apply hard-surface coatings.1. 火焰噴射法是涂硬表層的最常用方法。A good oil storage to be found at a reasonable depth would rarely happen to the “black gold” industry.2.“黑金”行業(yè)在合理的深度發(fā)現(xiàn)不錯的油藏的光景將很難出現(xiàn)了

21、。3. 通常這種電壓用于負載時不必先濾波。Usually there is no necessity to filter this voltage before applying it to the load.4. 下表所列數(shù)字充分說明汽車尾氣的危害。The figures to be listed in the following table will fully demonstrate the hazard from automobile exhaust. 5）定語從句During construction, problems often arise which require desig

22、n changes. 在施工過程中，常會出現(xiàn)需要改變設(shè)計的問題。The molecules exert forces upon each other, which depend upon the distance between them. 分子相互間都存在著力的作用，該力的大小取決于它們之間的距離。定語從句翻譯練習(xí)1. 技術(shù)力圖為科學(xué)所發(fā)現(xiàn)的新思想找到應(yīng)用。1. Technology tries to find applications for new ideas which science discovers.2. 光的頻率高于無線電波和微波，這就使它具有更大的信息運載能力。2. Ligh

23、t has a higher frequency than radio waves or microwaves, which gives it a greater information carrying capacity.3. 在每一塊磁鐵的周圍都有一個磁力作用的區(qū)域。3. Surrounding every magnet there is a region where magnetic forces act.4. 在電還沒有被發(fā)現(xiàn)的年代里，人們不知道有導(dǎo)體和絕緣體。4. In those years when electricity had not been discovered, peo

24、ple knew nothing of conductors and insulators.5. Refining petroleum is a complex series of steps by which the original crude material is eventually converted into salable products with the desired qualities and, perhaps more important, in the amounts dictated by the market. 5.石油煉制包含一系列復(fù)雜的過程。通過這些過程，石

25、油原料最終轉(zhuǎn)化成為可銷售的產(chǎn)品。這些產(chǎn)品在質(zhì)量上符合人類需要，而更重要的是它們在數(shù)量上符合市場要求。 6. Detailed knowledge of the mineralogy of reservoirs enables estimates to be made of the rate at which they may lose porosity during burial, and this detailed mineralogical information is essential for the accurate interpretation of geophysical wel

26、l logs through reservoirs. 6.儲層礦物學(xué)的詳細知識可以(幫助我們)估計出在埋藏過程中孔隙度損失的速率。這樣詳細的礦物組分資料對于準確地解釋儲層地球物理測井非常必要。 1) 往往使用分詞短語代替狀語從句； 由于結(jié)構(gòu)特殊，這些化合物具有一個特殊性質(zhì)。 Being special in structure, these compounds have a special property. Knowing the strength, it is possible to work backward and determine what factor of safety was

27、 used. 由于知道其強度，便可以反過來求出所用的安全系數(shù)值。 熱量由地球輻射出來時，使得氣流上升。 Radiating from the earth, heat causes air currents to rise. 當照在不透明的物體上時，光或是被吸收或是被反射。 Striking an opaque object, the light is either absorbed or reflected. Sent out and meeting an obstacle, short waves are reflected. 短波發(fā)送出去，遇到障礙就反射回來。 電子一旦帶電了，就會發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)移

28、。 Charged, the electrons are transferred. 碳在氧或空氣中燃燒，便形成了二氧化碳。Carbon burns in oxygen or air, forming carbon dioxide.使某種液體在冰箱的管子中循環(huán)，從而帶走食物中的熱量。 A liquid is made to circulate through the pipes in refrigerators, picking up heat from the food.2) 使用分詞獨立結(jié)構(gòu)代替狀語從句 如果沒有改變物體運動的原因，那么物體將作勻速直線運動。A body can move u

29、niformly and in a straight line, there being no cause to change that motion.振動著的物體產(chǎn)生聲波，每一次振動產(chǎn)生一個聲波。 Vibrating objects produce sound waves, each vibration producing one sound wave.分詞短語翻譯練習(xí)1. Applying the law that action and reaction are equal and opposite, we see that the forces acting on a loaded be

30、am are similar to the forces applied in breaking a stick. 1. 如果應(yīng)用作用力與反作用力大小相等方向相反這一定律，就可以知道，施加在負載橫梁上的力與用以折斷木杖的力是相似的。2. Designed to be earthquake-proof, the tunnel can move literally up and down. 2.由于設(shè)計為防震, 這條隧道可以上下移動.3. 中心計算機獲得所有這些詳情后，就能通過埋在道路下的電子裝置將最佳路線提供給駕駛員。 3.Having obtained all these details, t

31、he central computer sends back to the driver via the buried electronic unit the best possible route.4. 當搬運這臺儀器時，除了床座之外，其它零件不要碰。4. While carrying the instrument, dont touch any parts but the bed.3) 使用不定式短語To transmit electromagnetic waves takes energy.傳送電磁波需要能量。To develop better mechanical properties

32、 is the purposes of many metal working processes.獲得更好的機械性能是對許多金屬進行加工的目的。將物體的溫度和熱量區(qū)分開來是必要的。It is necessary to distinguish between the temperature of a body and its heat.要把雜質(zhì)從溶液中分離出來是不容易的。 It is difficult to remove impurities from solution.本項目的目的是開發(fā)第二代綜合決策支持系統(tǒng)。The aim of this project is to develop a s

33、econd generation integrated decision support system. 最好的方法是繼續(xù)減少影響大氣層的各種污染源。The best solution is to continue to reduce all sources of pollution affecting our atmosphere.In communications, the problem of electronics is how to convey information from one place to another.在通訊系統(tǒng)中，電子學(xué)要解決的問題是如何把信息從一個地方傳遞到另

34、一個地方。To supplement its advertising effort, the company used a variety of sales-promotion techniques.為了加強廣告力度，該公司運用了大量的促銷手段。 Materials to be used for structural purposes are chosen so as to behave elastically in the environmental conditions.結(jié)構(gòu)材料的選擇應(yīng)使其在外界條件中保持其彈性。不定式短語翻譯練習(xí)In every field, experts exami

35、ne changes to understand the state of the field. To understand a countrys economy, economists check growth in an industry such as steel. To understand the state of business, they may look at the number of building permits for new houses. The information learned shows increases or decreases. Importan

36、t trends emerge in each field. 各個領(lǐng)域的專家都通過對變化的研究來了解該領(lǐng)域的狀況。為了了解一個國家的經(jīng)濟狀況，經(jīng)濟學(xué)家對某個行業(yè)如鋼鐵業(yè)的增長情況進行調(diào)查。為了了解行業(yè)的狀況，他們可能會調(diào)查新房建造許可證的發(fā)放數(shù)量。得到的資料能顯示出增長或減少的情況，各個領(lǐng)域的重要趨勢就能體現(xiàn)出來。4) 介詞 + 動名詞短語代替狀語從句該系統(tǒng)僅限于檢驗金屬表面。The system is restricted to examining the metal surface only.若沒有力作用于物體上，物體就不能移動。A body cannot move without hav

37、ing a force to act upon it.Recently protein feeds for animals have been developed by growing yeast in a petroleum based stock. 最近已經(jīng)研制出一種動物食用的蛋白質(zhì)飼料，它是用石油作為基本原料加上酵母而制成的。水結(jié)冰時，并不收縮，而是膨脹。On freezing, water does not contract, but instead it expands.將所有的電路元件在制成之后都連結(jié)在一起。All of its circuit elements are bonde

38、d together after being manufactured.1. 計算機的作用不能只限于幫助解決數(shù)學(xué)問題上。 1. The function of the computer is not limited to providing support in solving mathematical problems.2. 他們在用合成橡膠代替天然橡膠方面取得了成功。 2. They succeeded in substituting a synthetic rubber for the natural rubber.3. Electrolysis is the liberation of

39、 free elements from a liquid by passing an electric current through it. 3. 電解就是讓電流通過液體，從而使游離元素從液體中分離出來的過程。4. Offshore drilling is made possible by using huge quantities of gaseous nitrogen and oxygen to provide a livable atmosphere deep under water.4. 用大量的氮氣和氧氣形成在深水中能夠生活的環(huán)境，才有可能進行海底石油鉆探。3.5 Extensiv

40、e use of the Passive Voice電能可儲存在由一絕緣介質(zhì)隔開的兩塊金屬極板內(nèi)。這樣的裝置稱之為電容器，其儲存電能的能力稱為電容。電容的測量單位是法拉。Electrical energy can be stored in two metal plates separated by an insulating medium. Such a device is called a capacitor, and its ability to store electrical energy (is called) capacitance. It is measured in farad

41、.公司登記機關(guān)核準注冊資本和投資總額的調(diào)整。The adjustment of registered capital or total investment shall be approved by the company registration authority.根據(jù)縱向恒定不變的假設(shè)，我們可以得出第二個方程式。The second equation is obtained from the assumption that the longitudinal deformation is constant.如圖5所示，微型計算機體積很小。Microcomputers are very sm

42、all in size, as is shown in Fig.5.太陽的輻射能到達地球后就轉(zhuǎn)化為熱能，從而使大地暖和起來。Falling on the earth, the radiant energy of the sun is changed into heat energy, and the earth is warmed.具有相似結(jié)構(gòu)的短語、從句及句子的并列使用稱為平行結(jié)構(gòu)。The time-measuring devices had woolen puppets to beat a drum to announce a quarter, to ring a hand-bell to

43、 mark an hour, to hang out a plate to tell time every other hour, and to beat a large bell to mark the watches in the night.這些計時裝置使木偶擊鼓報刻，搖鈴報時， 示牌報告子、丑、寅、卯等十二個時辰， 擊鉦報更。因此,必須按照有關(guān)標準嚴格控制噪聲。降低噪音的措施有：合理選用設(shè)計參數(shù)，提高制造精度，改變工藝和增加工序等。Therefore, efforts must be made to strictly control noises in accordance with

44、the standards concerned. The effective measures of reducing noises are as follows: selecting design parameters reasonably, raising machining precision, improving technology and increasing processes.Board chairman is the legal representative of the joint venture, where the chairman is unable to perfo

45、rm his duties due to any special reason, the vice-chairman or another director may be appointed by the chairman as representative; where the chairman does not appoint specifically and can not perform his duties, the vice chairman shall perform the duties for him. 董事長是合營公司法定代表人。董事長因故不能履行其職責(zé)時，可臨時授權(quán)副董事

46、長或其他董事為代表。董事長未明確授權(quán)且不履行其職責(zé)的，由副董事長代理履行職責(zé)。The liquidation committee shall exercise the following powers: (1) convening the creditors meeting; (2) working out the assets valuation price and calculation basis; (3) formulating the liquidation program; (4) recovering creditors rights and paying off debt; (

47、5) distributing the assets remaining. 清算委員會行使下列職權(quán)： （1）召集債權(quán)人會議； （2）提出財產(chǎn)作價和計算依據(jù)； （3）制定清算方案； （4）收回債權(quán)和清償債務(wù)； （5）分配剩余財產(chǎn)； 了解孔隙流體的化學(xué)組成及其對巖石穩(wěn)定性的影響，有助于預(yù)測 哪些地區(qū)孔隙度因膠結(jié)作用(cementation)而變差，哪些地區(qū)孔隙度保持不 變，哪些地區(qū)孔隙度因地層水的溶蝕作用而提高。 Knowledge of the chemical compositions of pore fluids and their effect on the stability of mi

48、nerals can be used to predict where porosity may be destroyed by cementation, preserved in its original form, or enhanced by solution of minerals by formation waters.本章主要研究油藏巖石的基本性質(zhì)。主要討論的性質(zhì)有：（1）孔隙度巖石中孔隙空間大小的量度;(2)滲透率巖石中流體傳導(dǎo)性能的量度；（3）流體飽和度流體占總孔隙空間的量度。 This chapter deals with the fundamental properties

49、 of reservoir rocks. The properties discussed are (1) porosity a measure of the void space in a rock; (2) permeability a measure of the fluid transmissivity of a rock; and (3) fluid saturation a measure of the gross void space occupied by a fluid. The joint venture enacts the following bylaws through the board of directors:(1) Regulations for workers;(2) Labor and