2020-2021年英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)∶初中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解日常生活類(lèi)(提高)知識(shí)講解及答案經(jīng)典1

1、2020-2021 年英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解日常生活類(lèi)( 提高 ) 知識(shí)講解及答案經(jīng)典1一、英語(yǔ)閱讀理解日常生活類(lèi)（含答案詳細(xì)解析）1根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，判斷正誤。Riding a Mobike on the street. You might hear some people speaking Chinese aloud. Turning to the right, you see a Sichuan-style restaurant. After walking into a store, you see that Huawei smartphones are on sale.But you are

2、 not in China You are in Manchester in Britain. You might see similar things in many other cities. Chinese products have been going global （世界性的） .Chinese food has been enjoyed in Western countries for a long time. To meet local peoples tastes, Chinese restaurants have made some changes to the dishe

3、s. For example, Chinese people like to eat meat with the bone in, but Western people dont. So Chinese restaurants provide big pieces of meat without bones, even for fish.Some Chinese brands are also becoming more popular. In many cities in Europe, stores sell TCL televisions, Haier fridges and Lenov

4、o computers.More than half of the US-owned drones （無(wú)人機(jī)） are Chinese models. Theyre not only made in China, but also designed and developed in the country.In the past, most Western people thought Chinese products were cheap and unreliable （不可靠的） . But now, things have changed greatly. Made in China b

5、ecomes cool.（ 1） We can see more people use Chinese products in Western countries now.（ 2） Chinese restaurants provide meat with bones to meet local peoples tastes.（ 3） More than 50% of the US-owned drones are designed, developed and made in China.（ 4） In the past , most Western people thought Chine

6、se products were unable to be trusted.（ 5） This article is about the disadvantages of Chinese products.【答案】 （ 1） 1（2） 0（3） 1（4） 1（5） 0【解析】 【分析】本文介紹了有關(guān)中國(guó)元素的很多東西。（ 1）根據(jù)You might hear some peoplespeakingChinesealoud. Turningto the right,youseea Sichuan-stylerestaurant.Afterwalkingintoa store,youseethat

7、Huaweismartphonesare on sale可能會(huì)聽(tīng)到一些人大聲說(shuō)中文。向右拐，你會(huì)看到一家川菜餐館。走進(jìn)商店后，你會(huì)看到華為智能手機(jī)正在出售可知， 我們現(xiàn)在可以看到西方國(guó)家越來(lái)越多的人使用中國(guó)產(chǎn)品是對(duì)的， 故是正確。（ 2）根據(jù)So Chinese restaurants provide big pieces of meat without bones館提供大塊無(wú)骨肉可知， 中國(guó)餐館提供帶骨頭的肉來(lái)滿(mǎn)足當(dāng)?shù)厝说目谖妒清e(cuò)的所以中國(guó)餐， 故是錯(cuò)誤。（ 3）根據(jù)More than half of the US-owned drones過(guò) 50%的美國(guó)無(wú)人駕駛飛機(jī)是在中國(guó)設(shè)計(jì)、開(kāi)發(fā)和制造

8、的（無(wú)人機(jī)） are Chinese models， 故是正確?？芍?超（ 4）根據(jù) In the past, most Western people thought Chinese products were cheap andunreliable可知 過(guò)去，大多數(shù)西方人認(rèn)為中國(guó)產(chǎn)品不可信， 故是正確。（ 5）根據(jù)Made in China becomes cool.產(chǎn)品的缺點(diǎn)是錯(cuò)的，故是錯(cuò)誤?！爸袊?guó)制造 ”變得很酷可知 這篇文章是關(guān)于中國(guó)【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查閱讀理解。注意從文中尋找答案，推斷出需要的信息。2閱讀下列材料，從每題所給的A、 B、C、 D 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。In the park

9、, you see a group of people, all looking up at the sky. Without thinking about it, youlook upwards, too. Why? In the concert, someone begins to clap and suddenly the whole room joins in. You do, too. Why?Sometimes we feel we are acting correctly when we do the same as others. The more peoplefollow a

10、n idea, the better or truer we think the idea is. Its the social proof（社會(huì)認(rèn)同感）thatworks.The scientist Asch carried out an experiment. It shows how social proof can influence us. In aroom, a man is shown Line 1, and next to it are three lines（A, B, C） . A is longer, C is shorterand B is as long as Lin

11、e 1. He must tell which of the three lines is as long as Line 1. When the man is alone, he gives the correct answer B. Then, five other men enter the room, and each of them gives the answer C as they were told to. Now the man changes his idea and gives the answer C. Asch got the same result many tim

12、es among different subjects （實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象） .Why do we act like this? Well, in the past, following others was a way to keep from danger. Suppose that 5000 years ago you were hunting （打獵） with friends. Suddenly, they all ran away. What would you have done? Would you have stayed? No, you would have run, too. W

13、e are descendants （后代） of those who copied others action. It is so deeply planted in our mind that we still use it now.Social proof has special power. The advertising industry, for example, often makes use of it. So be capful whenever a company says its product is the most popular.（ 1） At the beginn

14、ing of the passage, the writer leads in the topic by _.A. telling a storyB. giving examplesC. answering questionsD. showing a map（ 2） According to Paragraph 3, the experiment by Asch shows _.A. following others is always right B. social proof may change peoples ideas C. its difficult to carry out th

15、e experiment D. people can study better if they are alone（ 3） The underlined word It in Paragraph g refers to _.A. running with othersB. hunting with friendsC. copying others actionD. doing something different（4） According to the passage, we can infer （推斷）that _.A. its important to run with others a

16、nytimeB. products in the advertisement are the bestC. we mustnt copy others action to keep safeD. we need to think twice before following others【答案】 （ 1） B（ 2） B（ 3） C（ 4） D【解析】 【分析】短文大意：這篇短文通過(guò)幾個(gè)實(shí)例說(shuō)明了社會(huì)認(rèn)知感對(duì)人們的影響。（ 1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。 In the park, you see a group of people, all looking up at the sky. Without th

17、inking about it, you look upwards, too. Why? In the concert, someone begins to clap andsuddenly the whole room joins in. You do, too. Why?可知作者是通過(guò)實(shí)例說(shuō)明了一個(gè)論點(diǎn)社會(huì)認(rèn)同感的影響。故選B。（ 2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第三段的實(shí)驗(yàn)內(nèi)容主要講讓人們選擇一個(gè)正確答案，在一個(gè)人單獨(dú)思考的狀況下，可以答對(duì)；當(dāng)一群人一起看問(wèn)題，并告知他們前面的人選擇的一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤答案，他們就都選擇認(rèn)可前人回答的錯(cuò)誤答案，由此可知社會(huì)認(rèn)同感會(huì)讓人改變觀點(diǎn)。故選B。（ 3）詞意猜測(cè)題。根據(jù) S

18、uppose that 5000 years ago you were hunting （打獵） with friends. Suddenly, they all ran away. What would you have done? Would you have stayed? No, you would have run, too. We are descendants （后代） of those who copied others action. 這種觀念深深種在我們的腦海中并且現(xiàn)在我們?nèi)耘f在使用?？芍猧t指的是人們抄襲他人的行動(dòng)。故選C。（ 4）推理判斷題。根據(jù) So be caref

19、ul whenever a company says its product is the most popular. 因此無(wú)論何時(shí)當(dāng)一個(gè)公司說(shuō)它的產(chǎn)品是對(duì)受歡迎的要小心?？芍?dāng)我們?cè)诟鷱膭e人之前要再三考慮。故選 D?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】此題考查閱讀理解。先閱讀短文，了解短文大意，然后分析問(wèn)題，弄清題意，再帶著問(wèn)題閱讀短文，從短文的細(xì)節(jié)中找出問(wèn)題答案。對(duì)于推理判斷題要根據(jù)文章中相關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行推理判斷，不要主觀臆斷，要根據(jù)作者的觀點(diǎn)確定。3閱讀理解Along with wheat, rice is one of the most important food crops in the world. It i

20、s a nutritious,healthy food.Each year, farmers grow millions of tons of rice.Top Five Rice producing Countries（1） What food crop is the reading material mainly about？A. Wheat.B. Rice.C. Corn.（2） In which country is the most rice grown？A. China.B. Bangladesh.C. India.（3） From the map we know that the

21、 five countries are all in.A. Europe.B. Africa.C. America.D. Potato.D. Vietnam.D. Asia.【答案】 （ 1） B（2） A（3） D【解析】 【分析】短文大意：這篇閱讀材料主要介紹了世界水稻種植的國(guó)家和產(chǎn)量。（ 1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù) rice is one of the most important food crops in the world.水稻是世界上最重要的糧食作物。故選B。（ 2）看圖識(shí)圖題。根據(jù)柱形圖可知中國(guó)的水稻產(chǎn)量最高超過(guò)200000000 ，其次是印度，再次印度尼西亞。故選 A。（ 3）看圖

22、識(shí)圖題。根據(jù)柱形圖可知世界五大水稻生產(chǎn)國(guó)是：中國(guó)，印度，印度尼西亞，孟加拉和越南。它們都是亞洲國(guó)家。故選D?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】此題考查閱讀理解。先觀察圖片，理解圖片信息。然后分析問(wèn)題，帶著問(wèn)題仔細(xì)觀察圖片信息，找出問(wèn)題正確答案。4閱讀理解This is the school timetable of Class One, Grade Three, SunshineSchool on Monday.8:00-Technology In this lesson, students learnhowtosurf the Internetsafely and10:00effectively.am10:00-Dr

23、amaDuring this lesson, students will have the chance to act out roles with other11;00students.am11:00-PaintingStudents learn how to use watercolors properly. If the weather is good, the11:45lesson may take place outdoors.amLUNCH1:00-2:00Science（Biology or chemistry ） Students can choose which class

24、toattend. Inpmbiologythis week, students will learn about the bones in humans. In chemistry, thesubject is How explosions happen.2:00-3:45SPORTSpm2:00pmTheory（理論） Students learn about the skills used in a certain sport. We see realaction from past games on videos.3:00pmPracticeStudents will play a s

25、hort match lasting 45 minutes. This week, the sportsare soccer（ the boys） and volleyball （for girls ） .HomeworkTechnology - the teacher will give students websites to look up（ about 20 minutes ）Drama - students have to learn a part for the next lesson（ 30-60 minutes ）Biology/chemistry- students have

26、 to write a report of the lesson（ about 40 minutes ）（ 1） What time does the drama lesson begin?A. At 8:00 am.B. At 10:00 am.C. At 1:00 pm.D. At 2:00 pm.（ 2） How long does the science homework take?（ 3） Which of the following is TRUE according to the timetable? A. Students always take their painting

27、lessons outsides.B. Boy students will play a short soccer match this week.C. Students will use skills in real games in the theory lesson.D. Students learn how to fix computers in the technology lesson.【答案】 （ 1） B（ 2） D（ 3） B【解析】 【分析】文章大意：主要介紹陽(yáng)光學(xué)校三年級(jí)一班的周一上課時(shí)間表。（ 1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù) 10:00-11;00 am： Drama Durin

28、g this lesson, students will have thechance to act out roles with other students. 可知戲劇在這節(jié)課將在上午 10： 00 開(kāi)始，故選B。（ 2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù) Science （ Biology or chemistry ） Students have to write a report ofthe lesson （ about 40 minutes ） .可知科學(xué)作業(yè)花費(fèi)大約40 分鐘，故選D。（ 3）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù) Practice Students will play a short match las

29、ting 45 minutes. This week, the sports are soccer（the boys） and volleyball （ for girls）. 可知實(shí)習(xí)學(xué)生將進(jìn)行一場(chǎng)持續(xù)45 分鐘的短比賽。本周的運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目是男孩足球和女孩排球。故選B?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】考查閱讀理解。要求考生對(duì)文章通讀一遍，做題時(shí)結(jié)合原文和題目有針對(duì)性的找出相關(guān)語(yǔ)句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)選出正確答案推理判斷題也是要在抓住關(guān)鍵句子的基礎(chǔ)上合理的分析才能得出正確答案，切忌胡亂猜測(cè)，一定要做到有理有據(jù)。5根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，判斷下列句子正誤。Do you often listen to music at loud v

30、olumes （音量） ? You should know that this habit is bad for your hearing. Over 1 billion young people are at risk of hearing loss （聽(tīng)力喪失） ,because of listening to loud noise for long periods of time. Listening to music or watching a TV show at loud volumes can harm your hearing.The United Nations has st

31、andards for safe listening. It is not safe to listen to sounds that arelouder than 85 dB （分貝）for eight hours or 100 dB for 15 minutes. The sound of a busy road isabout 85 dB and the sound of a rock concert can be about 100 dB.Loud noise is harmful to the inner二 Most of us are bon with about 16,000 h

32、air cells（聽(tīng)毛細(xì)胞） in our inner ears. These cells notice sounds. However, listening to loud noise for a long time can make these cells work too hard and cause some of them to die. This is what causes hearing loss. Once this happens, its hard to get your hearing back.Some people might think that their m

33、usic isnt all that loud. But this can depend on where you are. For example, if you are in a noisy place like the subway, you might turn up your music too loud without realizing it. Later, when you listen to it at the same volume in a quiet place, you alight feel uncomfortableThe safe level for most

34、sound is below 80 dB for up to 40 hours a week. A level of 80 dB is about equal to （相當(dāng)于） the noise of a subway.Here is some advice on safe listening. Overthe ear headphones （頭戴式耳機(jī)） are better than in ear ones. They do a better job of stopping outside noise, so you can listen at a lower volume. Dont

35、listen to loud music on your headphones for a long time. Follow the 60:60rule: listen to music at 60 percent of your headphones maximum volume for no more than 60 minutes a day.（ 1） It is safe to listen to sounds that are louder than 100 dB for 15 minutes（ 2） Listening to loud noise for a long time

36、can cause some hair cells in the inner ear to die.（ 3） From the fourth paragraph, we know people dont always realize how loud their music is.（ 4） Inear headphones are better than over the eat ones because they can stop moreoutside noise.（ 5） This article mainly tells us why ears are an important par

37、t of our bodies.【答案】 （ 1） 0（ 2） 1（ 3） 1（ 4） 0（ 5） 0【解析】 【分析】文章大意： 本文主要講述了聽(tīng)大音量音樂(lè)的習(xí)慣對(duì)聽(tīng)力有害。世界衛(wèi)生組織稱(chēng)，超過(guò) 10 億的年輕人在聽(tīng)力方面存在問(wèn)題，因?yàn)樗麄冮L(zhǎng)時(shí)間大聲聆聽(tīng)。聯(lián)合國(guó)有安全聆聽(tīng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。聽(tīng)八十小時(shí)大于 85 分貝或 15 分鐘大聲 100 分鐘的聲音是不安全的。長(zhǎng)時(shí)間聆聽(tīng)大聲的聲音可能會(huì)使這些細(xì)胞工作太猛，并使其中一些細(xì)胞死亡。這就是人們聽(tīng)力損失的原因。（ 1）判斷正誤題。根據(jù)It is not safe to listen to sounds that are louder than 85 dB（分

38、貝）for eight hours or 100 dB for 15 minutes.可知挺高于85 分貝八個(gè)小時(shí)或者100 分貝 15 分鐘是不安全的。故答案為錯(cuò)誤。（ 2）判斷正誤題。根據(jù) However, listening to loud noise for a long time can make these cellswork too hard and cause some of them to die. 可知聽(tīng)大聲的噪音很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間能使這些耳毛細(xì)胞工作太猛，造成一些耳毛細(xì)胞死亡，故答案為正確。（ 3）判斷正誤題。根據(jù) if you are in a noisy place like

39、the subway, you might turn up your music too loud without realizing it. 可知如果你在像地鐵這樣吵鬧的地方，你可能無(wú)意識(shí)的把聲音調(diào)到太大，可知第四段告訴我們?nèi)藗儾豢偸悄芤庾R(shí)到他們的音樂(lè)有多大聲，故答案為正確。（ 4）判斷正誤題。根據(jù)Overthe ear headphones（頭戴式耳機(jī)）are better than inear ones. They do a better job of stopping outside noise, so you can listen at a lower volume. 可知頭戴式耳機(jī)

40、比置入式耳機(jī)更好，故答案為錯(cuò)誤。（ 5）判斷正誤題。通讀全文可知大意是：聽(tīng)大聲的音樂(lè)對(duì)聽(tīng)力有害，不是講耳朵是人體重要的組成部分，故答案為錯(cuò)誤?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】考查閱讀理解能力，首先通讀全文，掌握大意，然后根據(jù)細(xì)節(jié)判斷所給句子的正確，注意要找到依據(jù)。6閱讀理解When it comes to helping developing countries, we often think about offering money in order that they can build schools and hospitals, buy food and medicine, or find clean wat

41、er supplies. These seem to be the most important basic needs in their lives. However, its far from enough. We have to come up with better ideas.A man called Nicholas Negroponte invented a cheap laptop computer, which he decided toinvent after he visited a school in Cambodia. The laptop which Mr. Neg

42、roponte has designed is not the same as the normal one that you can buy in the shops. One difference is that it will be covered in rubber so that it is strong and wont be damaged easily. As an electricity supply can be a problem in developing countries, the computer also has a special handle in orde

43、r that children can wind the computer up to give it extra power when needed.This special laptop computer will cost less than 100 US dollars and Mr. Negroponte wants to produce as many as 15 million laptop computers in the first year. The idea is that these computers will help the childrens education

44、 as they will be able to access the Internet. These computers might not benefit the people in developing countries immediately, but by improving childrens education they should help people to find their own solutions to their problems in the long term.Another idea to help children in developing coun

45、tries is to recycle old mobile phones so that theycan be used again. In the UK. And probably in many other countries too, millions of mobilephones are thrown away every year. The waste crested by throwing away thee old phones is very bed for the environment, so it seems to be an excellent idea to ac

46、hieve two important goals at the same time. We will reduce the waste we produce and help others. In other words, we will beable to kill two birds with one and that is always a good thing.（1） The underlined phrase wind up in paragraph 2 means.A. 吹 B. 上 條C. 上D. 利用空氣 使 （2） The laptop computer that Mr.

47、Negroponte has designed.A. will be damaged much easier than the normal one（ 3） According to the passage ， what benefit can we get from recycling old mobile phones?A. We can reduce the waste to protect the environment.B. We can help children in developing countries reuse the old mobile phones.C. it i

48、s good for the environment and very educative for phone users.D. It not only reduces the waste produced by developed countries but also helps the children in developing countries.（4） Mr. Negropontes cheap computer is mentioned in the passage to.A. illustrate the kindness of people in the developed c

49、ountriesB. tell us what high technology can help peopleC. show how to find business opportunities in developing countries D. give an example of how to help developing countries（ 5） Which is the best idea the author gives us to help the developing countries?A. We need to help people in developing cou

50、ntries to help themselves ， not just throw money at the problem.B. We should spend much money helping people in developing countries build more schools and hospitals.C. We should think about giving help to developing countries more often.D. We should help the people in developing countries by improv

51、ing childrens education immediately.【答案】 （ 1） B（ 2） C（ 3） D（ 4） D（ 5） A【解析】 【分析】主要講了 Nicholas Negroponte 發(fā)明了一種便宜的手提電腦和循環(huán)使用手機(jī)來(lái)幫助發(fā)展中國(guó)家。（ 1）細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù) give it extra power when needed. 當(dāng)需要的時(shí)候給它額外的能量，是通過(guò)特殊的把柄來(lái)產(chǎn)生能量，即通過(guò)上發(fā)條，故選B。（ 2）細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù) A man called Nicholas Negroponte invented a cheap laptop computer 和give i

52、t extra power when needed. 可知手提電腦是便宜的，并且有額外的能量，故選C。（ 3）細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù) We will reduce the waste we produce and help others. 可知不僅降低了廢棄物污染，而且?guī)椭税l(fā)展中國(guó)家，故選D。（ 4）細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段 We have to come up with better ideas.可知是幫助發(fā)展中國(guó)家更好的主意的例子，故選 D。（ 5）細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段可知幫助發(fā)展中國(guó)家時(shí)不僅僅是提供給他們金錢(qián)，而且要通過(guò)更好的方法來(lái)讓他們自己幫助自己，故選A?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】考查閱讀理解，主要考查細(xì)節(jié)題，注意從

53、文中仔細(xì)尋找答案。7閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、 B、C 三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳答案。If you look at the top of your phone, youll usually see a little symbol that says 3G or 4G. TheG stands for the generation（代）of your mobile network. But the symbols will becomethings of the past after 5G networks fully arrive.On March 30, Shanghai vice-mayor Wu Qing made the first 5G video call on a Huawei Mate XSmartphone. Shanghai has also become the first city in China to start testing 5G networks.About 100 times faster than 4G net