高考英語書面表達

1、 高考高考1616年來英語書面表達題年來英語書面表達題 年年 代代 形形 式式 內(nèi)內(nèi) 容容 1996 1996 根據(jù)表格寫簡歷根據(jù)表格寫簡歷 介紹自己，申請工作介紹自己，申請工作 1997 1997 看圖寫話看圖寫話 描述一件交通違章事件描述一件交通違章事件 1998 1998 看圖寫話看圖寫話 某中學參觀農(nóng)場某中學參觀農(nóng)場 1999 1999 看圖寫信看圖寫信 用兩幅不同的畫介紹學校變化用兩幅不同的畫介紹學校變化 20002000春春 書面通知書面通知 以組織者身份通知音樂周活動以組織者身份通知音樂周活動 20002000夏夏 看圖寫話看圖寫話 報道一起交通事故報道一起交通事故 2001 2

2、001 根據(jù)表格寫回信根據(jù)表格寫回信 有關減負前后的變化有關減負前后的變化 2002 2002 根據(jù)表格給報社寫信根據(jù)表格給報社寫信 討論公園是否收門票討論公園是否收門票 2003 2003 看圖寫回信看圖寫回信 介紹為其所租的房子介紹為其所租的房子 高考高考1616年來英語書面表達題年來英語書面表達題 年年 代代 形形 式式 內(nèi)內(nèi) 容容 2004 2004 給美國朋友寫信給美國朋友寫信 告知電視臺舉辦才藝大賽告知電視臺舉辦才藝大賽 2005 根據(jù)網(wǎng)上的一則旅游廣告，寫電子郵件詢問旅游事宜根據(jù)網(wǎng)上的一則旅游廣告，寫電子郵件詢問旅游事宜 2006 根據(jù)兩幅圖的描繪，給英國朋友寫信，介紹你校圖書館

3、根據(jù)兩幅圖的描繪，給英國朋友寫信，介紹你校圖書館 2007 給外籍教師寫信尋求筆友，內(nèi)容是描述理想中的筆友給外籍教師寫信尋求筆友，內(nèi)容是描述理想中的筆友 2008 給美國圣地哥動物園工作人員寫信，詢問大熊貓?zhí)K琳和給美國圣地哥動物園工作人員寫信，詢問大熊貓?zhí)K琳和 她母親白她母親白 云的情況云的情況 2009 回美國朋友的一封信，介紹改建后前門大街的情況回美國朋友的一封信，介紹改建后前門大街的情況 2010 給某大學外籍教師寫信，聘請她做英語演講比賽的評委給某大學外籍教師寫信，聘請她做英語演講比賽的評委 16年高考書面表達題四大特征年高考書面表達題四大特征 以記敘文、應用文為主，形式為寫信 看圖7

4、次，表格3次，寫信11 次 以第1人稱為主，每篇10句左右 以國內(nèi)生活、主要以學校生活為背景體 現(xiàn)交際性 書面表達題的高分特征書面表達題的高分特征 書寫規(guī)范 要點完整 語言流暢 中心明確 做好書面表達題的四種能力做好書面表達題的四種能力 迅速組織句子，連句成文的能力 連貫敘述及一定的文字判斷和編輯能力 一句多譯、揚長避短變難為易 變通能力, 一定的想象和綜合概括能力 做好做好書書面表面表達題應達題應注意注意“ “四四個個善于善于” ” 1. 要善于選擇運用合適句型要善于選擇運用合適句型 2.2.要善于使用過渡詞和連接詞要善于使用過渡詞和連接詞 3.3.要善于使用英文的習慣用語要善于使用英文的習

5、慣用語 4.4.要善于變通，變難為易要善于變通，變難為易 做好書面表達應注意做好書面表達應注意“四個變化四個變化” 1. 1. 句子結構、句型的變化句子結構、句型的變化 2. 2. 主語的變化主語的變化 3. 3. 句子長度的變化句子長度的變化 4. 4. 用詞的變化用詞的變化 做好書面表達的做好書面表達的 “四個要決四個要決” 熟記基本詞匯和基本句型熟記基本詞匯和基本句型 熟記英語習慣用語和過渡詞熟記英語習慣用語和過渡詞 熟記英文名篇名段及表達技巧熟記英文名篇名段及表達技巧 熟記英文的表達及文化背景熟記英文的表達及文化背景 考生錯誤的考生錯誤的“四大問題四大問題” 1. 句子的結構問題，句子

6、不完整、斷句句子的結構問題，句子不完整、斷句 2. 句子懸垂，主謂不一致句子懸垂，主謂不一致 3. 時態(tài)、語態(tài)問題時態(tài)、語態(tài)問題 4. 用詞方面的問題用詞方面的問題 詞性錯誤詞性錯誤 單詞拼寫單詞拼寫 動詞變化動詞變化 漢式英語漢式英語 寫作過程的寫作過程的“六以、六求六以、六求” 以審題求切題以審題求切題 以提綱求周密以提綱求周密 以過渡求條理以過渡求條理 以常用求保險以常用求保險 以變化求生動以變化求生動 以整潔求印象以整潔求印象 指導考生寫作要指導考生寫作要“三結合三結合” 與日常生活相結合與日常生活相結合 與學過的句型、詞組、詞匯與學過的句型、詞組、詞匯 相結合相結合 與交際相結合與交

7、際相結合 請看高考該題評分標準中對該題最高檔的描述請看高考該題評分標準中對該題最高檔的描述 第五檔（第五檔（ 很好很好 ）：）： （2125）完全完成了試題規(guī)）完全完成了試題規(guī) 定的任務。定的任務。覆蓋所有內(nèi)容要點。覆蓋所有內(nèi)容要點。應用了較多的應用了較多的 語法結構和詞匯。語法結構和詞匯。語法結構或詞匯方面有些錯誤，語法結構或詞匯方面有些錯誤， 但為盡力使用較復雜結構或較高級詞匯所致；具備但為盡力使用較復雜結構或較高級詞匯所致；具備 較強的語言運用能力。較強的語言運用能力。有效地使用了語言間的連有效地使用了語言間的連 接成分，使全文結構緊湊。完全達到了預期的寫作接成分，使全文結構緊湊。完全達

8、到了預期的寫作 目的目的 （摘自全國普通高等學校招生統(tǒng)一考試試題答（摘自全國普通高等學校招生統(tǒng)一考試試題答 案匯編。）案匯編。） 關鍵詞：關鍵詞： 要點、結構、詞匯連接要點、結構、詞匯連接 關鍵句：關鍵句： 語言運用能力。語言運用能力。 一、審題要準確審題要準確 二、二、 句型要變化句型要變化 三、三、 詞匯要豐富詞匯要豐富 四、四、 條理要清晰條理要清晰 五、五、 書寫要規(guī)范書寫要規(guī)范 中英文的六大差異中英文的六大差異 1.1.漢語中的主語未必是英文中的主語漢語中的主語未必是英文中的主語 2. 漢語中無主語的句子漢語中無主語的句子“it”“you”“one”等代替等代替 3. 主動被動在英漢

9、中表現(xiàn)形式不一樣主動被動在英漢中表現(xiàn)形式不一樣 在漢語中的主動形式，在英文中也許是被動在漢語中的主動形式，在英文中也許是被動 在漢語中的被動形式，在英文中也許是主動在漢語中的被動形式，在英文中也許是主動 4. 漢語無時態(tài)及動詞變化，英文中卻常見。漢語無時態(tài)及動詞變化，英文中卻常見。 5. 用詞差異: 英文多用名詞，中文多用動詞。 英文多用介詞，中文多用動詞。 6. 結構差異 中文先敘述后表態(tài)，英文先表態(tài)后敘 述 唐唐 詩詩 作者作者 張績張績 嫁得瞿塘賈， 朝朝誤妾期。 早知潮有信， 嫁與弄潮兒。 譯文 since i married the merchant of qutang, he ha

10、s failed each day to keep his word had i know how regular the tide is, i might have chosen a river boy. (translated by bynner) 靜 夜思 床前明月光 疑是地上霜 舉頭望明月 低頭思故鄉(xiāng) before my bed a pool of light- can it be hoarfrost on the ground? looking up, i find the moon bright; bowing, in homesickness i m drowned. 憫 農(nóng) 鋤

11、禾日當午, 汗滴禾下土。 誰知盤中餐， 粒粒皆辛苦。 at noon they hoe up weeds; their sweat drips on the soil. who knows the rice that needs is the fruit of hard toil! before my bed a pool of light- can it be hoarfrost on the ground? looking up, i find the moon bright; bowing, in homesickness i m drowned. 新嫁娘新嫁娘 王王 建建 三日入廚下，

12、三日入廚下， 洗手做羹湯。洗手做羹湯。 未諳姑食性，未諳姑食性， 先遣小姑嘗。先遣小姑嘗。 newly- married bride having married for just three days, i went to the kitchen to cook soups. afraid if it might not suit my mother in laws taste, i let my sister-in-law try it first. 檢查修改書面表達的檢查修改書面表達的 “四個層次四個層次” 語篇層次上的檢查語篇層次上的檢查 段落層次上的檢查段落層次上的檢查 句子層次上的

13、檢查句子層次上的檢查 詞匯層次上的檢查詞匯層次上的檢查 訓練書面表達要做到訓練書面表達要做到“四化四化” 寫作訓練要經(jīng)常化寫作訓練要經(jīng)?；?寫作訓練要規(guī)范化寫作訓練要規(guī)范化 寫作訓練要階段化寫作訓練要階段化 寫作訓練要多樣化寫作訓練要多樣化 指指導導考生考生寫寫作要作要“ “三三結結合合” ” 與日常生活相結合與日常生活相結合 與學過的句型、詞組、詞匯與學過的句型、詞組、詞匯 相結合相結合 與交際相結合與交際相結合 下面是一些比較常用的過渡詞：下面是一些比較常用的過渡詞： 1. 表示增加的過渡詞表示增加的過渡詞 also, and, and then, too, in addition, be

14、sides, furthermore, moreover, again another, above, 2. 表示時間順序的過渡詞表示時間順序的過渡詞 now, then, before, after, afterwards, earlier, later, immediately, soon, next, in a few days, meanwhile, gradually, first, second, finally, till. 3. 表示空間順序的過渡詞表示空間順序的過渡詞 near, near to, far, far from, in front of, beside, bey

15、ond, above, below, to the right, to the left, around, behind, on one side. 4.表示表達的過渡詞表示表達的過渡詞 but, still, however，on the other hand， on the contrary, yet, in spite of , nevertheless 5. 表示比較的過渡詞表示比較的過渡詞 in the same way, similarity, just like just as 6. 表示結果和原因的過渡詞表示結果和原因的過渡詞 because, since, so, as a

16、result, therefore, then , hence, thus ,as. 7. 說明目的的過渡詞說明目的的過渡詞 for this reason, for the purpose, so that, in order to, in order that, so as to 8.說明強調(diào)的過渡詞說明強調(diào)的過渡詞 indeed, in fact, surely, without any doubt, to repeat, again, most important 9. 表示解釋說明的過渡詞表示解釋說明的過渡詞 in addition, for example ,for instanc

17、e, further more, in fact, actually 10.表示總結的過渡詞表示總結的過渡詞 finally, at last, in summary, in brief, to sum up, in conclusion, as has been stated 1997年高考書面表達年高考書面表達 my parents live in the country, they keep a dog called ah fu. one day my parents went to work in the fields taking my sister and ah fu alone.

18、 while they were working, my sister walked to river nearby. ah fu followed there. she was trying to pick a flower when she fell into the river. ah fu barked and jumped into the water immediately. when my parents heard ah fu barking they ran to the river. they saw ah fu swimming towards the bank carr

19、ying my little sister. my parents praised ah fu warmly. it was our brave ah fu who saved my little sister. 1998年高考書面表達年高考書面表達 today we visited a farm. early in the morning we met at the school gate and went there together. the farm workers gave us a warm welcome. then the head of the farm showed us

20、around. how glad we were to see the crops and vegetables growing well. at noon we had a picnic lunch in the sunshine. after a short rest, we had great fun singing and dancing, telling jokes or stories. two of us even played a game of chess. the time passed quickly. before we knew it , we had to say

21、goodbye to the workers. 1999年高考書面表達年高考書面表達 dear mr. smith, i was so pleased to hear from you and am writing to you something about my school. you are right quite a few changes have taken place. on one side of the road there is a new classroom building . on the other side, where the playground used t

22、o be now stands another new building -our library. in it there are all kinds of books, newspapers and magazines. the playground is now in front of the school. we have also planted a lot of trees in and around the school. i hope you come and see for yourself some day. best wishes, yours, 2000年高考書面表達年

23、高考書面表達 it was 7:15 on the morning of february 8, 2000. i was walking along park road towards the east when an elderly man came out of the park on the other side of the street. then i saw a yellow car drive up third street and make a right turn into park road. the next moment the car hit the man whil

24、e he was crossing the road. he fell with a cry. the car didnt stop but drove off at great speed heading west. i noticed the driver was a young woman and the plate number was ac864. about two minutes later i stopped a passing car and took the old man to the nearest hospital. li hua 2001年高考書面表達年高考書面表達

25、 dear dick, how nice to hear from you again. you want to know what is going on in schools in china? in short, things have begun to improve since schools were called on to reduce learning load. i dont know about other, but i used to have to work even at weekends doing endless homework and attending c

26、lasses as well. now i have more free time. i can follow my own interests such as reading books, visiting museums, and taking computer lessons. in the evenings i can watch news on tv or read newspapers. whats more, i can go to bed earlier. as far as i know, everyone is happy about this new arrangemen

27、t of things. 2002年高考書面表達年高考書面表達 dear editor, im writing to tell you about the discussion weve had about whether an entrance fee should be charged for parks. opinions are divided on the question. 60% of the students are against the idea of entrance fees. they believe a public park should be free of c

28、harge. people need a place where they can rest and enjoy themselves. charging entrance free will no doubt keep some people away. what is more, it will become necessary to build gates and walls, which will do harm to the appearance of a city. on the other hand,40% think that fees should be charged be

29、cause you need money to pay gardeners and other workers, and to buy plants and young trees. they suggest, however, fees should be charged low. yours truly, li hua 2003年書面表達分析年書面表達分析 dear bob, im so glad to learn that you re coming in september. ive found a place for you. its a small flat of 25 squar

30、e meters, with a bedroom, a bathroom and a kitchen. in the bedroom there is a bed, a sofa, a desk and a chair. the rent is 500 yuan per month. the flat is in a building on fangcao street, which is not far from jianxin chineses school. bus no.11 can take you straight to the school. in fact, its only

31、one stop. do you think youd like it? if not., i can try and find another place. just let me know. yours li hua 2004 dear peter, i read in a newspaper today that a “l(fā)earn chinese, sing chinese songs” foreigners talent show will be held in beijing television station on july 18. i know you like singing

32、, and you are in beijing during that period. i think this is a good chance for you to show your singing talent, and how well you have learned chinese. if you would like to try, youll have to go to the tv station to sign up before the end of july. if there is anything i can do for you, i would be mor

33、e than glad to help. yours li hua last weekend, i helped my grandparents prepare their trip to beidaihe. on saturday morning, together with my grandparents, i searched the internet for the train schedule, the weather in beidaihe, and some hotel information. in the afternoon, i went to the train stat

34、ion and managed to buy two tickets for my grandparents although there was a long queue. after dinner, i packed into the suitcase the things my grandparents need, such as clothes, glasses, an umbrella, and a map. the next morning, i went to the station to see them off. waving goodbye to them on the p

35、latform, i felt happy for them and wished them a safe journey. help sb. do sth. the train schedule prepare the trip the train station search internet for on the platform manage to do a long queue buy sth. for sb. hotel information pack sth. into together with see sb. off such as wave goodbye to sb.

36、feel happy for wish sb. a sth. 2010北京開放作文北京開放作文 in the picture, between two closely-located buildings grows a big tree. unlike most trees, this one bends in the middle, struggling all the way up to get more sunshine. the picture reminds me of those who succeed in unfavorable conditions, faced with d

37、ifficulties, they never gave up but try their best to find the way out. life can be hard. but if we have the courage and determination, we will finally get the sunshine we want as the tree in the picture does. close to writing to invite sb. to be/to some place. start at last for deliver ones speech

38、accept an invitation it is convenient have any question look forward to 2010 廣州基礎寫作（ 要求5句寫完規(guī)定內(nèi)容） the chinese government has decided that smoking be banned in indoor public places all over the country. this decision , which will be carried out from january1,2011, aims to bring a complete smoke-free i

39、ndoor environment. in order to achieve this goal, no-smoking sign will be put up in all indoor public places. statistics show that china has approximate 350,000,000 smokers, among whom 75 percent are men and 25 are woman. around 540 million people are affected by second-hand smoke, causing 100,000 d

40、eaths a year. 2010 全國卷1 dear ms. smith, im li hua, chair of the student union of yucai middle school, which is close to your university. im writing to invite you to be a judge at our english speech to be hold in our school on june 15. it will start at 2:00 pm and last for about three hours”. ten stu

41、dents will deliver their speeches on the given topic “man and nature”. we hope that you will accept our invitation if it is convenient. please call me at 44876655 if you have any questions. i am looking forward to your reply. 要善于使用過渡詞和連接詞要善于使用過渡詞和連接詞 先讓我們看一看上海某年的高考題：先讓我們看一看上海某年的高考題： 根據(jù)提示情景用英文寫出一段根據(jù)提

42、示情景用英文寫出一段80-10080-100詞的通順詞的通順 恰當?shù)亩涛?，不必根?jù)中文逐句翻譯。恰當?shù)亩涛?，不必根?jù)中文逐句翻譯。 我們學校歷史悠久，它的學生中不少已成為各我們學校歷史悠久，它的學生中不少已成為各 自領域的專家，近年來我們的學校發(fā)生了很大自領域的專家，近年來我們的學校發(fā)生了很大 的變化，我們?yōu)樽约旱膶W校感到自豪。的變化，我們?yōu)樽约旱膶W校感到自豪。 1.we take pride in our school. 2. to begin with, ours is a school with a long history which was set up fifty year ago

43、. 3. so far hundreds of thousands of students have graduated from it. 4. and then a great number of them are experts in various fields. 5. then in recent years great changes have taken place there. 6. for example, a new lab and a new library have been built with modern equipment and new books. 7. in

44、 addition more trees and flowers are being planted in the school garden. 8. seeing such an excellent school, one cant help feeling proud of it. 這篇短文較好地使用了這篇短文較好地使用了“啟、承、轉(zhuǎn)、合啟、承、轉(zhuǎn)、合” 的表達方式，如在主題句的表達方式，如在主題句we take pride in our school 之后，使用之后，使用“啟啟”to begin with 來引導來引導 擴展句，接著使用擴展句，接著使用so far 和和and then

45、作作“承承”之之 后又用后又用“then”和和“in addition”作作“轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)”最后，最后， 用用“seeing suchseeing such”作作“合合”。上下連接自然。上下連接自然。 下面是一些常見的下面是一些常見的“啟、承、轉(zhuǎn)、合啟、承、轉(zhuǎn)、合”的表達方的表達方 式式: : 1.1.有關有關 “啟啟”的常用詞語：用于引導主題句，的常用詞語：用于引導主題句， 或用于主題句的后面，引導第一個擴展句或用于主題句的后面，引導第一個擴展句 first(ly)first(ly)第一第一 at first at first 最初最初 first of all first of all 首先，第一

46、首先，第一 in the first placein the first place 首先，第一首先，第一 at present at present 現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在 in the beginning in the beginning 起初起初 to begin with to begin with 首先，第一首先，第一 to start with to start with 首先，第一首先，第一 for one thing for one thing 首先首先 ( (常與常與for another for another 連用連用) )（其次）（其次） on the one hand on the

47、 one hand 一方面一方面 ( (常與常與on the other hand on the other hand 連用連用) )（另一方面）（另一方面） nownow 現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在 currently currently 目前目前 latelylately 最近最近 recentlyrecently 最近最近 in generalin general 一般來說一般來說 generally speaking generally speaking 一般來說一般來說 2.2.有關有關 “承承”的常用詞語：用于承接主的常用詞語：用于承接主題句，或題句，或 第一個第一個 （或前一個）擴展句。（或前一個

48、）擴展句。 second(ly)second(ly)第二；第二點第二；第二點 third (ly)third (ly)第三；第三點第三；第三點 also/tooalso/too并且；又，也并且；又，也 besides (this)besides (this)此外此外 in additionin addition 此外此外 in addition toin addition to除除之外之外 furthermore furthermore 而且而且, ,此外此外 moreovermoreover而且而且, ,此外此外 what is morewhat is more而且而且, ,此外此外 for

49、 anotherfor another 其次其次 for examplefor example 例如例如 for instancefor instance 例如例如 as an exampleas an example 例如例如 as another example as another example 再如再如 namelynamely 即即, , 就是就是 thenthen 然后然后 of courseof course 當然當然 in other wordsin other words換句話說換句話說 in particularin particular 特別特別, ,尤其尤其 in t

50、he same way in the same way 同樣地同樣地 after thatafter that此后此后 afterwardsafterwards此后此后 after a few days after a few days 幾天以后幾天以后 after a whileafter a while過了一會兒過了一會兒 from now onfrom now on 從此從此 laterlater后來后來 just asjust as正如正如 similarly similarly 同樣地同樣地 meanwhilemeanwhile同時同時 at the same timeat the

51、same time同時同時 by this timeby this time 此時此時 soon soon 不久不久 consequentlyconsequently結果結果 3. 3.有關有關“轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)”的常用詞語的常用詞語: :用來表示不同或相反的情況用來表示不同或相反的情況 after all after all 畢竟畢竟 butbut但是但是 yetyet仍仍, ,然而然而 howeverhowever然而然而 neverthelessnevertheless盡管盡管, ,如此如此 thoughthough 盡管如此盡管如此 althoughalthough 雖然雖然 despitedes

52、pite 盡管盡管 in spite ofin spite of 盡管盡管 on the contraryon the contrary 相反地相反地 unlikeunlike 與與不同不同 on the other handon the other hand 另一方面另一方面 all the sameall the same 但是但是 unfortunatelyunfortunately 不幸地不幸地 stillstill 仍然仍然 in factin fact事實上事實上 as a matter of factas a matter of fact 事實上事實上 4. 4. 有關有關“合合

53、”的常用詞語：用于小結段落中上文的常用詞語：用于小結段落中上文 的內(nèi)容，引導最后一個擴展句或引導結尾句的內(nèi)容，引導最后一個擴展句或引導結尾句 表示段落的結束。表示段落的結束。 finallyfinally最后最后 in briefin brief簡言之簡言之 in conclusionin conclusion總之總之 in shortin short簡言之簡言之 brieflybriefly簡單地說簡單地說 above allabove all最重要地最重要地 as a resultas a result結果結果 for this reasonfor this reason所以所以 as h

54、as been notedas has been noted 如前所述如前所述 as i have saidas i have said如我所述如我所述 at last at last 終于終于 at lengthat length最后，終于最后，終于 eventuallyeventually最終最終 accordinglyaccordingly 于是于是 indeedindeed的確的確 surelysurely無疑無疑 we set out in the morning. li ming was carrying a compass. he also had a tent in his b

55、ackpack. i carried a lot of things too. i had a flashlight in my backpack. i also carried some food and clothing. we climbed a hill on the way. we swam across a river then. we found a piece of wood. we put our backpacks on it. we pushed the wood across the river. we got into a forest. we lost our wa

56、y there. li ming took out the compass. we found the right direction then. we arrived at the campsite late. early in the morning, we set out. li ming was carrying a compass and a tent in his backpack, and in mine there was a flashlight, a map, a knife, a first-aid kit, some matches, candles, food and

57、 clothing. on the way to the campsite, we climbed a hill, and then we swam across a river, pushing the backpacks on a large piece of wood we had found by the river. as we got into a forest, we lost our way. luckily, we found the right direction with the compass. by the time we arrived at the campsit

58、e, it had already been dark. li ming then put up the tent, and i made fire and started cooking. 應該在整篇文章中避免使用單一的一兩個句型， 要靈活運用各種語法結構，靈活使用十二種句 式，長短句要交錯使用，這樣才能使文章有聲 有色。試比較以下兩種表達，體驗高級句式的 妙處，學會使用高級句式。 1、改變時態(tài)、改變時態(tài)：例：the bell is ringing.(一般) there goes the bell.(高級) 2、改變語態(tài)：、改變語態(tài)：例：people suggest that the con

59、ference be put off(一般).it is suggested that the conference be put off. (高級) 3、使用不定式：、使用不定式：例：he is so kind that he can help others(一般).he is so kind as to help me.(高級). 4、使用過去分詞：、使用過去分詞：例：（）she walked out of the lab and many students followed her . (一 般)followed by many students , she walked out of

60、the lab.(高級) (2)once it is seen , it can never be forgotten .(一般)once seen , it can never be forgotten .(高級) 5、使用、使用v+ing形式：形式：例：(1)when he arrives, please give me an e-mail. (一般)on arriving/his arrival, please give me an e- mail.(高級) （）if the weather permits , ill come tomorrow.(一般)ill come tomorro