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1、幸福與財富 :金錢不能給我?guī)韾矍榈男腋＃ㄖ杏⑽模按_實讓人欽佩”。這是孔子對一位居住環(huán)境險惡、 吃著糟糠之食，“卻不會 讓自己的快樂受到影響”的人的形容。時至今日， 中國統(tǒng)治者依舊關(guān)心財富與幸福感之間的關(guān)系。 他們認為自己對 權(quán)力的把握取決于能否讓人們感到幸福。 此外，他們估計， 快速增長的經(jīng)濟是一 切因素中最重要的。 過去幾十年來， 他們都做到了， 但最近幾年， 盡管依舊涌現(xiàn) 了不少成功故事（見文章） ，但人與人之間的不平等卻加劇了，騷動很常見。有 人估計，每天中國發(fā)生的小動蕩多達 500 起。這不禁讓人擔憂。 單純的經(jīng)濟增長 可能是不夠的，而政府急切需要讓國家日益增長的財富進一步合理分配

2、。最近發(fā)表的兩份學術(shù)研究都認為現(xiàn)實更為復雜。 其中一份發(fā)表于五月份， 研 究人員追蹤訪問了一些城市居民在 1990年至 2010 年這段時間的幸福感。 這段時 間每人的產(chǎn)出與消費提高了至少四倍。 由南加利福利亞大學一位著名的教 “幸福 感”的 Richard Easterlin 教師為領(lǐng)導的研究組寫道，中國式檢測經(jīng)濟增長與幸福 感之間關(guān)系的理想城市。但他們發(fā)現(xiàn)的是，在這段經(jīng)濟快速增長的時間里， “沒 有任何證據(jù)表明，生活滿意度也隨之極大提高了” 。另一份研究報告 “社會火山神話： 當今中國的不平等感與分配不公” 則是哈佛大學的 Martin Whyte 準備的。國家調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)顯示，人們對財富不等

3、 有著極大地寬容。這份研究是建立在 2004年做的調(diào)查問卷之上的，但 Whyte先 生稱 2009 年調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)的初步分析認為如果硬說人們有什么改變的話，那就是他 們對自己的前景變得更為樂觀了。 那些謝昂自己的居住條件能再五年內(nèi)得到改善 的人從 2004年 62%上升到 2009年的 73%?！叭粽J為導致中國人的不滿的罪魁禍 首是收入懸殊，這是不對的。 “Whyte 先生說道。他補充道，其實程序不公正、 濫用權(quán)力以及資源匱乏才是讓人們憤怒游行的原因。大多數(shù)外來工都知道 Whyte 在說什么。去年， 61 歲的雷朋才（音譯）從湖 南省一個小鎮(zhèn)移居到北京，并找到一份在餐廳刷碗的工作。他的月薪只有 1

4、400 圓（合約 220 美金），大多數(shù)被他寄回給其妻子與家庭。北京讓他見識到了一些 人得以享受到的財富，但他把收入不均看做一種無可爭辯的事實。 “我沒去過美 國或英國，但那里不也有很大的不平等嗎？”雷先生聲稱自己對過去十年來農(nóng)村地區(qū)的減稅減負政策感到滿意， 對于小增 長的物價反而不大在意。 不過，盡管他的基本醫(yī)療保障基本足夠， 但如果遭遇大 病大傷， 他還是擔心收入無法滿足。 但他還是明確表示有一件事讓他很不滿： 官 場腐敗。 在他老家， 官職要不就是給了朋友要不就成了買賣交易。 他哀嘆道， 一 旦傷人了，官員們就會掠奪土地、 收取罰款、若不送點東西就以生意倒閉相威脅。 他說，官員們?yōu)樗麨?/p>

5、，而老百姓卻拿他們沒辦法。Happiness and wealth: Money can t buy me love“ ADMIRABLE indeed ”is how Confucius described aman who, though living in a mean, narrow street with only a single bamboo dish to eat from,ow his jo“y did not allto be affected. ”The relationship between happiness and wealth remains a concern

6、for China s rulers today. Their working assumption has long been that their grip on power depends on keeping people happy. And that, they reckon, depends on nothing so much as their continued ability to preside over rapid economicgrowth. They have managed thisfor decades, but in recent years inequal

7、ity has grown more extreme and, despite plenty of successstories (see article), unrest is common. By some counts, as many as 500 protests occur every day across the country. All this has fed fears that economic growth alone might not be enough and that the government needs urgently to improve the di

8、stribution of the nations growing wealth.Two recent academic studies suggest reality is rather more complicated. One of them, published in May, tracked how content a segment of mainly urban people said they were between 1990 and 2010, a period during which output and consumption per person increased

9、 at least fourfold. Researchers, led by Richard Easterlin of the University of Southern California, an eminent “ happiness scholar ” ,thwartotCehina was ideal for testing expectations of a correlation between economic growth and well- being. But what they found was “ noevidence of a marked increase

10、in life satisfaction ” to match the rise in prosperity during that period.The other study“ Myth of the Social Volcano: Perceptions of Inequality and Distributive Injustice in Contemporary China ”was prepared by Martin Whyte of Harvard University . Based on national survey data, it found a surprising

11、ly high tolerance of wealth disparity. The study was based on surveys conductedin 2004, but Mr Whyte said preliminary analysis of 2009 survey data showed that people had if anything become even more optimistic about their prospects. The proportion of respondents saying they expectedtheir living stan

12、dardsto improve within five years rose from 62% in 2004 to 73% in 2009. “Itis a mistake to think that rising income gaps are the main or even a pr imary source of popular discontent in China, ”Mr Whyte says. It is, he adds, procedural injustices, abusesof power and the lack of recourse that make peo

13、ple angry enough to take to the streets.Most migrant workers know first-hand what Mr Whyte is talking about. Lei Pengcai, 61, moved to Beijing last year from a small town in Hunan province and took work washing the dishes in a restaurant. His monthly wage is 1, 400 yuan ($220), most of which he send

14、s backhome to his wife and family. Moving to Beijing has openedhis eyes to the kind of wealth that some enjoy , but he seesincome disparity as a fact of life. “ Ihaven t been, buistn t there greinaet quality in America and England too? h”e asks.Mr Lei declares himself pleased with the past decadeion

15、 in rursalrteadxuacttion; nottoo bothered by moderately rising prices of goods; and somewhat concerned that, although his basic health care is adequate, his coverage would not suffice if he were to suffer a severe illness or injury . But he is clear on the one thing that does make him unhappy: official corruption. In his hometown, official posts a