醫(yī)學(xué)詞匯構(gòu)詞法iV課件

1、醫(yī)學(xué)詞匯構(gòu)詞法iV1 By Wang Lanying Foreign Language Department The Formation of Medical Vocabulary 醫(yī)學(xué)詞匯構(gòu)詞法iV2 A Course of Learning English for Medical Purposes I. Target 1.Mastering medical language: vocabulary and discourse level learning 2. Practical application of medical communication: speaking and writ

2、ing with ML 醫(yī)學(xué)詞匯構(gòu)詞法iV3 I. Target 3. Nurture the sense of stylistic research II. Methodology 1. Acquire the knowledge of word formation 2.Understand the medical language traits through reading 3. Observe and summarize the stylistic features 4. Active and energetic learning under the teachers guide 醫(yī)學(xué)

3、詞匯構(gòu)詞法iV4 III. Course Arrangement 1.72 Teaching periods,4/week 2.Eight Units this term 3.Required course and exam 4.Term achievements: based on assignments, quiz, class response, and final exam dynamically 醫(yī)學(xué)詞匯構(gòu)詞法iV5 Davi-Ellen Chamber says: Studying medical words is very similar to learning a new la

4、nguage. The words at first sound strange and complicated although they may stand for commonly known English terms. The words gastralgia, meaning “stomach ache”, and ophthalmologist, meaning e y e d o c t o r , a r e e x a m p l e s . The medical language is fascinatingly logical in that each term, c

5、omplex or simple, can be broken down into its basic component parts and then understood. What is medical language? 醫(yī)學(xué)詞匯構(gòu)詞法iV6 Basic elements of medical words Most medical words are made from a combination of the following elements: the part of the word that we shall call the base (root /stem) becaus

6、e it contains the most fundamental meaning of that word, prefixes and suffixes, and vowels (o/a) that join all these parts. Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis (45letters) 醫(yī)學(xué)詞匯構(gòu)詞法iV7 Pneumono-ultra-microscopic-silico-volcano-coniosis 粉塵病 火山 硅/矽 超顯微的 肺的 It develops only after years of expos

7、ure to low levels of silica dust. 醫(yī)硅酸鹽沉著病,矽肺病 Symptoms include hyperventilation, coughing, dysphonia (發(fā)聲困難), anorexia (厭食), chest pain and increased susceptibility to tuberculosis 醫(yī)學(xué)詞匯構(gòu)詞法iV8 Three major objectives to keep in mind as you study medical terminology. 1. To analyze words structurally. Le

8、arn to divide words into basic elements such as roots, suffixes, prefixes, combining vowels, and combining forms. gastr /o/ enter /o/ logy root root suffix Combining form 醫(yī)學(xué)詞匯構(gòu)詞法iV9 Electr /o/ cardi /o/ gram root root root 心電圖 醫(yī)學(xué)詞匯構(gòu)詞法iV10 Combining forms prefixes suffixes cyt/o : cell derm/o :skin b

9、i/o : life aden/o :gland arthr/o : joint nephr/o :kidney hepat/o : liver leuk/o :white oste/o : bone epi- :above multi-: many poly-: many ex- : out endo- :inside trans- : across hyper-: excessive hypo- :deficient -emia :blood condition -ectomy: excision -gram: record -cyte: cell -scope: instrument f

10、ro visually exam -itis: inflammation -ist : person specialized in -logy: process of study -oma: tumor -osis: abnormal condition -tomy: cutting 醫(yī)學(xué)詞匯構(gòu)詞法iV11 2. To correlate an understanding of word elements with the basic anatomy, physiology, and disease processes of the human body. Such as hemat /o/

11、logy means the study of the blood. 3. To be continually aware of spelling and pronunciation problems. Hepatoma: tumor of the liver 肝細(xì)胞瘤 Hematoma: blood tumor 血腫 醫(yī)學(xué)詞匯構(gòu)詞法iV12 Oncology Nephrology Neurology Gastroenterology Nephritis Hepatitis Bronchitis Carcinoma Hematoma hepatoma anatomy: process of c

12、utting up gastrectomy: removal of the stomach arthrotomy: incision of a joint leukemia anemia erythremia Leukocytosis 白細(xì)胞增多 Necrosis 壞死 Erythrocytosis 紅細(xì)胞增多 The Roles of Pronunciation 醫(yī)學(xué)詞匯構(gòu)詞法iV13 Medical Terminology Systems Organs Tissues Cells Endocrine syst. Reproductive syst. Mastery of Medical W

13、ords 醫(yī)學(xué)詞匯構(gòu)詞法iV14 Organs Tissues Cells 醫(yī)學(xué)詞匯構(gòu)詞法iV15 Distribution of vocabulary in medical literature Essential voc. Popular science voc. Medical terms 醫(yī)學(xué)詞匯構(gòu)詞法iV16 The 2nd category (15%) : hepatitis, appendicitis, encephalopathy, immunodeficiency syndrome The 3rd category (15%) : distill, dilute , diss

14、olve, filtration, magnetization, dynamics, meteorology, pigmentation The 1st category 70%: comment, investigate, study Distribution of vocabulary 醫(yī)學(xué)詞匯構(gòu)詞法iV17 Medical Terminology I. Conversion II. derivative III. Compounding opportunist 條件致病菌 physiology/-ist/ -gic asymptoma atic antivirus radioimmuno

15、electropho resis 放射免疫電泳 醫(yī)學(xué)詞匯構(gòu)詞法iV18 I. Conversion 詞義轉(zhuǎn) 換：由普通詞匯轉(zhuǎn)換 成專業(yè)詞匯； opportunist ; sympathetic block 交感神經(jīng)阻滯術(shù), sympathetic nerve , sympathomimetic 擬 交感神經(jīng)藥； capsule 膠囊藥,被膜 Reservoir 貯主(zhu) To protect trachea from collapsing the uncompromised host 不易受感染的宿 主 space occupying lesion 占位性病變 醫(yī)學(xué)詞匯構(gòu)詞法iV19 D

16、erivatives Prefix: ir- il- im- mis- irregularity, irresistable illegal, illiterate immature immobile immodest immorality misbehavior mislead misfortune misstate mismanage 醫(yī)學(xué)詞匯構(gòu)詞法iV20 Prefix Dis/dys- dishonest dysphonia disorder dyspnea disease in- inexperienced insufficiency inadequate inactivated 醫(yī)

17、學(xué)詞匯構(gòu)詞法iV21 un- unconditioned reflex 非條件反射 undifferentiated cell leukemia 未分化細(xì)胞白血病 unresolved pneumonia 未吸收肺炎 unsaturated fatty acid 不飽和脂肪酸 unstable angina 不穩(wěn)定型心絞痛 醫(yī)學(xué)詞匯構(gòu)詞法iV22 none- nonsmoker nonelectrolyte nonstress test nonulcer dyspepsia nonspecific immunity nonsense mutation nonself 非抽煙者 非電解質(zhì) 無應(yīng)激

18、實(shí)驗(yàn) 非潰瘍性消化不良 非特異性免疫 無義突變 非自我的 醫(yī)學(xué)詞匯構(gòu)詞法iV23 ex- exclusion excretion exhale ex- president ex-wife exclude 排斥 排泄 呼氣 前總統(tǒng) 前妻 排除在外 醫(yī)學(xué)詞匯構(gòu)詞法iV24 Suffix: n. reliance resistance existence coldness consciousness decision collision inclusion treatment encouragement Adj. generous continuous miscellaneous congenita

19、l conspicuous scrupulous simultaneously apparently substantially 醫(yī)學(xué)詞匯構(gòu)詞法iV25 V.-en.(a.+ en) whiten widen fasten(tie) lengthen shorten worsen weaken brighten lighten -al n. survival refusal arrival proposal withdrawal removal (but not: compose, compromise) 醫(yī)學(xué)詞匯構(gòu)詞法iV26 Compounds Roots Organs and their

20、 roots liver hepato/a- lung pulmono- kidney reno-/nephro- heart cardio- nerve neuro- spleen splen(o) brain cerebro- head cephal(o) eye ophthalm/ skin dermo- ear oto-(otology) chest thorac/o- arteri/o artery vaso vessel 醫(yī)學(xué)詞匯構(gòu)詞法iV27 nose naso- / nasoantritis 鼻上頜竇炎 throat laryngo- Laryngitis 喉炎 Pharynx

21、 咽 Pharyng (o)- Pharyngectomy 咽切除 描述人體器官方位： Anterior anterior band of colon 結(jié)腸前帶 posterior posterior teeth 后牙 superior superior vena cava 上腔靜脈 inferior inferior thyroid artery 甲狀腺下動(dòng)脈 醫(yī)學(xué)詞匯構(gòu)詞法iV28 inter- (between) interatrial 房間的 intra-(inside) intracellular endo-(intra- ) endocarditis poly-(many, muc

22、h) polyarthritis multi- (many, much) -multicuspid 多尖的 hyper-(high, extra) hypertension hypo-(low,less) hypotension homo-( same) homolateral同側(cè)的 homograft hetero-(different) heteroantigen 異種抗原 dys-(not) dysplasia發(fā)育不良 醫(yī)學(xué)詞匯構(gòu)詞法iV29 dyspnea 呼吸困難 dysphonia 發(fā)聲困難 counter- 對(duì)抗，抑制 countercurrent 逆流 counterbalan

23、ce 等衡 psycho- 精神/心理 psychology psychiatry psychobiology thrombo-血栓 thrombolymphangitis 血栓性淋巴管炎 Thromboendocarditis 血栓性心內(nèi)膜炎 meningo- 腦膜，腦脊膜 meningoencephalomyelitis 腦脊膜腦脊髓炎 醫(yī)學(xué)詞匯構(gòu)詞法iV30 lympho- lymphocytopenia 淋巴細(xì)胞減少 radio- radionuclide- angiocardiography 放射性核素心血管造影術(shù) immuno- immunosuppression electro-

24、 electrosynthesis 電合成 staphylo- 葡萄，懸雍垂 staphylotoxin 葡萄球菌毒素 staphyloplasty 懸雍垂成形術(shù) 醫(yī)學(xué)詞匯構(gòu)詞法iV31 Strepto- Streptococcus Streptomycin Osteo bone osteocystoma 骨囊瘤 Lumb/o lumbar lumbodynia 腰痛 lumbocostal 腰肋的 Suffix: -itis (inflammation) hepatitis bronchitis nephritis colitis gastritis appendicitis otitis

25、endocarditis panarthritis 多發(fā)性關(guān)節(jié)炎 醫(yī)學(xué)詞匯構(gòu)詞法iV32 -ectomy (removal) splenectomy appendectomy pharyngectomy -graphy（照像術(shù)） cephalography 測(cè)顱術(shù) cardiography 心動(dòng)描記法 - gram 照片 cardiogram 心動(dòng)圖 -scope (glass) ophthalmoscope stethoscope microscope telescope microscope telescope 醫(yī)學(xué)詞匯構(gòu)詞法iV33 -cyte( cell) leukocyte myocyte -coccus 球菌球菌 staphylococci 葡萄球菌 menin