智能家居技術(shù)外文翻譯

1、外文翻譯原文及譯文學(xué)院計算機(jī)學(xué)院專業(yè)計算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)班 級 學(xué) 號 姓 名 指導(dǎo)教師 負(fù)責(zé)教師2012年6月Smart Home TechnologyLink your homes lighting, entertainment and security systems with new automated home tech no logy.Smart home is expected to offer various in tellige nt services by recog nizing reside nts along with their life style and feeli

2、ngs. One of the key issues for realizing the smart home is how to detect the locations of residents. Currently, the research effort is focused on two approaches: term in al-based and non-term in al-based methods. The term inal -based method employs a type of device that should be carried by the resi

3、de nt while the non-term in al-based method requires no such device.There is a growing interest in smart home as a way to offer a convenient, comfortable, and safe residential environment. In general, the smart home aims to offer appropriate in tellige nt services to actively assist in the reside nt

4、 s life such as housework, amurest, and sleep. Hen ce, in order to enhance the reside nt s convenience and safety, devices such as home appliances, multimedia appliances, and internet appliances should be conn ected via a home n etwork system, as show n in Fig. 1, and they should be con trolled or m

5、on itored remotely using a televisi on (TV) or pers onal digital assista nt (PDA).Especially, atte nti on has bee n focused on locati on-based services as a way to offer high-quality intelligent services, while considering human factors such as pattern of living, health, and feeli ngs of a reside nt

6、. That is, if the smart home can recog nize the reside nt pattern of liv ing or health, the n home applia nces should be able to an ticipate the reside nt needs and offer appropriate intelligent service more actively. For example, in a passive service en vir onment, the reside nt con trols the opera

7、ti on of the HVAC (heat ing, ven tilati ng, and air conditioning) system, while the smart home would control the temperature and humidity of a room accord ing to the reside nt c6n diti on. Various in door locati on -aware systems have bee n developed to recog nize the reside nt locsati on in the sma

8、rt home orsmart office. In general, indoor location-aware systems have been classified into three types accordi ng to the measureme nt tech no logy: tria ngulati on, sce ne an alysis, and proximity methods 8. The triangulation method uses multiple distancesfrom multiple known poin ts. Examples in cl

9、ude Active Badges, Active Bats, and Easy Living, which use in frared sen sors, ultras onic sen sors,a nd visi on sen sors,respectively. The sce ne an alysis method exam ines a view from a particular van tage point. Represe ntative examples of the sce ne an alysis method are Moti on Star, which uses

10、a DC mag netic tracker, and RADAR, which uses IEEE 802.11 wireless local area n etwork (LAN). Fin ally, the proximity method measures nearness to a known set of points. An example of the proximity method is Smart Floor, which uses pressure sen sors.Alter natively, in door locati on-aware systems can

11、 be classified accord ing to the n eed for a term inal that should be carried by the reside nt. Termin al-based methods, such as Active Bats, do not recog nize the reside nt s locati on directly, but perceive the locati on of adevice carried by the reside nt, such as an in frared tran sceiver or rad

12、io freque ncy iden tificati on (RFID) tag. Th erefore, it is impossible to recog nize the reside nt s locatihe or she is not carry ing the device. In con trast, non-term inal methods such as Easy Living and Smart Floor can find the reside nt locati on without such devices. However, Easy Livi ng can

13、be regarded to inv ade the reside nt s privacy while the Smart Floor has difficultywith exte ndibility and maintenan ce.Home automation has come a long way from the manual timer hooked up to the living room light. Todays smart home automatically regulates heat, air and light, distributes audio and v

14、ideo around the house, con trols access to your home and can eve n remind you to exercise!New tech no logies and product adva nces have made home tech no logy systems more affordable tha n ever and have brought home systems in tegrati on into the mai nstream. According to a study done in 2004 by the

15、 National Association of Home Builders Research Center and the Consumer Electronics Association, nearly half of all new homes being built in the U.S. are now using structured copper smart wiring to enable the installation of new home tech no logy systems.How it WorksThere are four mai n types of n e

16、tworks you can in stall in your home to support the available new tech no logy. Each has its adva ntages and disadva ntages depe nding on whether you are wiri ng a new home or upgrad ing an existi ng home./Structured wiring invoIves running specialized high performanee cabling throughout your home.

17、It provides a highly reliable and secure network that distributes data signals for phones, computers, TVs and audio components. Its ideal for new con structi on but not always easy to in stall in an existi ng home. Also, n etwork ing is limited to the reach of cables, jacks and plugs.and mobility an

18、d?Wireless networks provide the advantages of flexibilityvirtually eliminate the wiring dilemmas often faced by existing homeowners. However, wireless n etworks tend to be less reliable and subject to in terfere nee from other devices such as baby mon itors and cordless pho nes.?Power-line networks

19、use a homes existing electrical lines to transmit data.They are relatively easy to set up and operate but carry the risk of power surges, and an unen crypted household n etwork may be accessible to n eighbors shari ng the same tran sformer.?Ph on e-li ne n etworks use a homes teleph one lines to car

20、ry multiple services. Typically, each service is assigned a unique frequency spectrum so they dont in terfere with one ano ther. Smart home tech no logy may also en able you to dial in via a phone line to control specific home operating systems and/or be pre-set to dial out to a mon itori ng service

21、 in the case of a fire or break-i n.While the possibilities for home automation are only limited by your imag in ati on, the choices facing the average homeow ner may seem daunting. The good n ews is that you do not n eed to become a tech no logical expert in order to enhance your homes capabilities

22、. A home tech no logy in tegrator can desig n, i mpleme nt, and tie together your homes various electro nic systems. These in clude:Entertainment: You may have been impressed by a friends home theatre setup one ni ght, whe n they popped a movie in their DVD player and gave you the large scree n, sur

23、ro und sound experie nee. But why not take this experie nee further? Using fairly simple automati on tech no logy, you could push a movie butt on on a touch pad in your family room. The lights would dim, the bli nds would close, the popcor n maker would spri ng into acti on, the fridge would check f

24、or adequate ice levels for your soda, and your calls would be automatically forwarded straight to your an sweri ng service. With a little creativity and pla nning, all these eve nts can be achieved using a home n etwork.It would be equally simple, using motion sensorsand your stereo system, to play

25、music every time you en ter a room in your home - someth ing upbeat, perhaps, for the home gym, maybe classical music for your study - the possibilities are endless. Or you could sit in your living room and select the music you want to listen to via on-screen menus that are displayed on your TV.You

26、could eve n mon itor your childre ns televisi on and video-game habits, whe n youre not at home by program ming the n etwork to alert your cell phone if your childre n watch too much televisi on or in appropriate program ming. Or you can simply program the TV or gam ing con sole to shut off after a

27、certa in amount of time.Security: Using smart home automati on tech no logy, you can program your lights to simulate normal in-home activity when youre away. For example, some time around your regular bedtime, your bedroom lights and TV will tur n on while the rest of the house will be darke ned. An

28、d this light ing rout in e can be set up to cha nge on the weeke nd.To protect aga inst break-i ns, you can positi on web cams at home entran ces and in stall an alarm system that uses heat and motio n sen sors to alert you and a remote security compa ny in the case of an in truder.In the case of fi

29、re, your smoke detector can be wired to sound not just an alarm but also to send a sig nal to your air-c on diti oning system fans to shut dow n, alert you and specified con tacts and illu min ate an evacuatio n route throughout the house.Energy: Energy savings can be realized by automating thermost

30、ats, lights and other en vir onmen tal systems such as garde n spri nklers and fountains. In tegrat ing all of these in to one en vir onmen tal system can help en sure a minimum waste of en ergy in your home. For example, on a hot, sunny day, weather sen sors can activate bli nd and drapery con trol

31、s to shade your home, and en sure that your garde n receives adequate irrigati on at the right time of day. Motion and occupancy sensors can activate heat and lighting controls as you en ter and exit rooms.Today snew smart IR sensors represent a union of two rapidly evoIving scie nces that comb ine

32、IR temperature measureme ntwith high-speed digital tech no logies usually associated with the computer. These in strume nts are called smart sen sors because they in corporate microprocessors programmed to act as tran sceivers for bidirect ion al, serial com muni catio ns betwee n sen sors on the ma

33、nu facturi ng floor and computers in the control room (see Photo 1). And because the circuitry is smaller, the sensors are smaller, simplifyi ng in stallatio n in tight or awkward areas .In tegrat ing smart sen sorsi nto new or existing process control systems offers an immediate advantage to proces

34、s control engineers in terms of providing a new level of sophistication in temperature monitoring and con trol.When you leave for work in the morning, your house could check for and turn off unnecessaryenergy consumers such as radios, TVs, stoves and irons (a nice safety feature). On your way home,

35、you could use your cell phone or computer to cha nge the temperature in your home, turn on lights, turn on the radiant heat in your bathroom floor and fill the bathtub to just the right level for a nice long soak.Appliances: From toasters to fridges to picture frames, the possibilities for n etwork

36、ing computerized household applia nces are limited only by your imagi nati on and budget. Your refrigerator can keep track of food expiration dates and act as a family messagecenter via a built-in screen. Coffee makers and other small appliances (such as toasters) can be activated remotely or as par

37、t of a seque nee of eve nts. You can eve n imitate Bill Gates and in stall framed electro nic artwork that cha nges depe nding on the prefere nee of the person who enters a room, or purchase Internet-connected picture frames that retrieve images from a gallery supplied by your friends and family for

38、 a constantly updated family portrait wall.The key to maki ng your home more comfortable, enjoyable and safe through home automation is to follow three essential steps:?Pla n: Discuss automati on n eeds and wants with your family members so you can pla n ahead. Take into con siderati on your homes l

39、ayout in terms of traffic and furniture.?Con suit: Talk to as many people as possible to get ideas and lear n about their experie nces with home automatio n; what worked, what did nt, what do they wish they had done differe ntly?Decide: What do you defi nitely want to be able to do? What is optio na

40、l? Will you in stall the n etwork yourself or leave it to a professi on al? What kind of n etwork and what types of tech no logy best suit your n eeds? Home automati on, from security systems to intelligent appliances, is becoming an accessible reality. With some careful pla nning and a little help,

41、 you too can enjoy the ben efits of a smart homeIn tellige nt Homes, Buildi ng Man ageme nt Systems (BMS) en compasses an eno rmous variety of tech no logies, across commercial, i ndustrial, i nstituti onal and domestic build in gs, including energy management systems and building controls. The func

42、tion of Building Management Systems is central to Intelligent Buildings concepts; its purpose is to control, monitor and optimise building services, eg., lighting; heating; security, TV and alarm systems; access control; audio-visual and entertainment systems; ventilation, filtration and climate con

43、trol, etc.; even time & attendance control and reporting (notably staff moveme nt and availability). The pote ntial with in these con cepts and the surro unding tech no logy is vast, and our lives are cha nging from the effects of In tellige nt Buildi ngs developments on our living and working envir

44、onments. The impact on facilities planning and facilities management is also potentially immense.Smart home exampleAt 7:30am and you awake to the sound of your favourite cd playing in the backgro und; the lights in your bedroom switch on; fadi ng up to allow you to wake up in your own time. The down

45、stairs intruder alarm system is de-activated. In the kitchen the coffee mach ine tur ns on to make a drink. The ground floor curta ins and bli nds ope n; the towel heater in the bathroom warms the towels. And you have nt eve n got up yet.6智能家居技術(shù)鏈接您家的燈光，娛樂和安全系統(tǒng)的新的自動化家用技術(shù)。智能家居，是一種可以通過識別具有不同生活習(xí)慣和感覺的住戶來

46、提供各種不同 的智能服務(wù)。而實現(xiàn)這樣的功能其中最關(guān)鍵的問題之一就是如何確定住戶的位置。目前，研究工作只要集中于兩種方法：終端方式和非終端方式。終端方式需要一種住戶 隨身攜帶的設(shè)備，而非終端方式則不需要這樣的設(shè)備?，F(xiàn)在由于人人都想有一個方便， 舒適，安全的居住環(huán)境，因此大家對于智能家居 表現(xiàn)的越來越感興趣。一般來說，智能家居旨在提供合適的智能服務(wù)來積極促進(jìn)住戶 更好的生活，比如家務(wù)勞動，娛樂，休息和睡眠。因此，為了提高住戶的便捷和安全， 像家用電器，多媒體設(shè)備和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)設(shè)備應(yīng)通過家庭網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)連接在一起。并且它們應(yīng)通過電視或個人數(shù)字助理（PDA）來控制或遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控。尤其要注意的是，作為一種提供高質(zhì)量的

47、智能服務(wù)，目標(biāo)應(yīng)集中于定位服務(wù)，同 時考慮人為因素，比如住戶的生活方式，健康狀況和居住感受。也就是說，如果智能 家居能識別住戶的生活方式或健康狀況，那么家用電器應(yīng)該能預(yù)見住戶的需要， 并能更主動的提供適合的智能服務(wù)。例如，在一個被動的服務(wù)環(huán)境下，需要住戶控制供熱 通風(fēng)與空氣調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)（供暖，通風(fēng)和空調(diào)），而智能家居將根據(jù)住戶情況自動調(diào)節(jié)房 間的溫濕度。智能家居或智能辦公室的各種室內(nèi)感應(yīng)定位系統(tǒng)的已經(jīng)研發(fā)到能夠識別 住戶的位置。一般來說，室內(nèi)定位感應(yīng)系統(tǒng)根據(jù)測量技術(shù)分為三種類型：三角測量， 場景分析和接近方法。三角測量法是通過多個已知點(diǎn)來計算位置距離。運(yùn)用三角測量法的例子包括 Active Bad

48、ges, Active Bats和Easy Living，它們分別運(yùn)用了紅外傳感 器，超聲波傳感器和視覺傳感器來實現(xiàn)的。 場景解析法是檢測一個場景內(nèi)的特定著眼 點(diǎn)。場景解析法的典型例子是使用直流磁力跟蹤器的MotiveStar，和使用無線局域網(wǎng)絡(luò)LAN標(biāo)準(zhǔn)IEEE 802,11的RADAR。接近法則是以一組已知點(diǎn)中最接近的點(diǎn)近似 作為定位點(diǎn)。接近法的例子有使用壓力傳感器的Smart Floor。另外，室內(nèi)感應(yīng)定位系統(tǒng)可以根據(jù)是否需要住戶隨身攜帶一種設(shè)備來分類。終端方式，例如Active Bats，不需要直接找到住戶位置，但是可以感應(yīng)到住戶隨身攜帶的 設(shè)備位置，例如紅外收發(fā)器或者射頻識別技術(shù)（R

49、FID）標(biāo)簽。因此，如果住戶沒有隨聲攜帶終端設(shè)備，那就不可能找到他。相反的，非終端方式如Easy Living和SmartFloor則不需要這種設(shè)備就能找到住戶位置。然而，人們認(rèn)為Easy Living侵犯了住戶隱私，Smart Floor則是擴(kuò)展和維護(hù)都比較困難家庭自動化已經(jīng)從掛接到客廳燈的手動計時很長的路要走。今天的智能”家庭自動調(diào)節(jié)熱量，空氣，光線，音頻和視頻房子周圍分布，控制訪問您的家庭，甚至可 以提醒你鍛煉。新技術(shù)和產(chǎn)品的進(jìn)步使家居更負(fù)擔(dān)得起的技術(shù)系統(tǒng)，并比以往任何時候都納入主流家用系統(tǒng)集成。 根據(jù)2004年所做的住宅建筑商研究中心和消費(fèi)電子協(xié)會，幾乎所有的新家園一半?yún)f(xié)會的一項研究正

50、在興建中的美國正在利用結(jié)構(gòu)銅聰明”接線，使安裝技術(shù)的新家園系統(tǒng)。它是如何工作主要有四種類型的網(wǎng)絡(luò)可以在家里安裝，以支持現(xiàn)有的新技術(shù)。各有其優(yōu)勢和根據(jù)您是否是一個新的家庭布線或升級現(xiàn)有的家庭缺點(diǎn)。它提供了一個高?結(jié)構(gòu)化布線涉及專門高性能運(yùn)行在您的整個家庭布線。度可靠和安全的網(wǎng)絡(luò)，分銷，產(chǎn)品用于手機(jī)的數(shù)據(jù)信號，電腦，電視和音頻組件。這對新建筑的理想，但并不總是很容易安裝在現(xiàn)有的家。此外，網(wǎng)絡(luò)僅 限于電纜范圍，插座和插頭?無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)提供的靈活性和流動性，幾乎消除了通常由現(xiàn)有的布線房主面 臨困境的優(yōu)勢。 然而，無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)往往是如嬰兒監(jiān)視器，無繩電話不可靠和其 他裝置受到干擾。?電力線網(wǎng)絡(luò)使用的家庭已有的電

51、力線來傳輸數(shù)據(jù)。它們是比較容易的設(shè)置和執(zhí)行，但執(zhí)行的權(quán)力風(fēng)險激增，以及一個未加密的家庭網(wǎng)絡(luò)可以訪問鄰國 分享同樣的變壓器。?電話線的網(wǎng)絡(luò)使用家里的電話線，以開展多種服務(wù)。 通常，每個服務(wù)指 定一個獨(dú)特的頻譜，以便他們不會互相干擾。智能家居技術(shù)也可能使您撥打一個電話線，通過具體的家庭作業(yè)控制系統(tǒng)和 /或預(yù)先設(shè)定為撥號到監(jiān)控服務(wù) 在一旦發(fā)生火警或破裂情況的研究。而家庭自動化的可能性是有限的，只有你的想象，面對的選擇一般的房主可 能似乎令人望而生畏。好消息是，你不必成為技術(shù)專家，以提高您的家庭的能力。 一 個家庭技術(shù)集成商能夠設(shè)計，實施和您的家庭聯(lián)系在一起的各種電子系統(tǒng)。這些措施包括：娛樂：您可能已留下深刻的印象朋友的家庭影院安裝有一天晚上，當(dāng)他們 突然出現(xiàn)在他們的電影和 DVD播放機(jī)給你大屏幕，環(huán)繞聲體驗。但是，為什么不利用這個經(jīng)驗的事呢？ 使用相當(dāng)簡單的自動化技術(shù)，你可以推 電影”一個觸摸板按 鈕在您的家庭娛樂室?；璋档臒艄鈺?，窗簾會結(jié)束時，爆米花機(jī)將春季行動，冰箱將檢查你的蘇打冰足夠的水平，您的通話將被自動轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)到您的接聽服務(wù)直線。一個小創(chuàng)意和規(guī)劃，所有這些事件可以實現(xiàn)使用一個家庭網(wǎng)絡(luò)。這將是同樣簡單，使用動作感應(yīng)器和您的音響系統(tǒng)， 播放音樂，每次你輸入 一個家庭健身房在家里房間-這是樂觀的，也許，也許你的學(xué)